CN108661198B - Reverse abatement apparatus and method for abating floor inertia level forces during an earthquake - Google Patents
Reverse abatement apparatus and method for abating floor inertia level forces during an earthquake Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of building structures, and provides a reverse reduction device and a reverse reduction method for reducing floor inertia horizontal force during an earthquake. The reverse abatement device comprises: a sensing device for acquiring seismic spectrum information; the controller calculates the magnitude, direction and acting time of floor inertia horizontal force of each horizontal floor slab or steel beam corresponding to each floor of the building structure in the earthquake according to the received earthquake frequency spectrum information and the structural power parameters, and calculates the magnitude and direction of the reducing force based on the magnitude, direction and acting time and the preset reducing target; a guide actuator fixed to the earth in a manner to move in synchronization with the earth's crust; and a follower actuator secured to each of the horizontal floors or beams, wherein the controller sends instructions to the guide actuator and the follower actuator to apply a damping force at each of the horizontal floors or beams that opposes the floor inertia horizontal force at the time of action. According to the invention, the damage of the earthquake to the building structure is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of building structures, and more particularly to a reverse abatement device and a reverse abatement method for abating floor inertia level forces during an earthquake.
Background
In high-rise buildings, the external effects that the structural system needs to bear are constant load, live load, wind load and earthquake effects. The wind load and the earthquake function are main lateral loads, and the structural system is required to be provided with a lateral force resisting component, or the vertical bearing component is also used as the lateral force component. Compared with wind load, the earthquake effect is unpredictable, the damage to high-rise buildings is more serious, and although the earthquake effect is strictly controlled in design, whether the building structure can escape from the destiny of serious damage under the actual earthquake still has certain uncertainty.
The main expression form of the earthquake action multi-story high-rise building structure is the structural inertia force change caused by the horizontal intense rapid repeated movement of the crust. The horizontal force is expressed as floor inertia when earthquake, which changes the magnitude and direction of the vertical component with time. The damage degree of the earthquake to the building structure is related to the earthquake intensity, and the standard design principle is that the small earthquake is not bad, the middle earthquake can be repaired and the large earthquake is not collapse.
In order to reduce the damage of the earthquake action to the building structure and ensure the safety of the structure under the earthquake action, two ideas exist in design, namely, the side force resisting component is arranged to resist earthquake force, and the damage to the structure is reduced by a method of reducing the earthquake force. The thought of resisting the earthquake force needs to calculate the magnitude of the earthquake force and ensures that the side force resisting component meets the design performance requirement under the earthquake working condition. The method for reducing the earthquake force consumes energy and absorbs the vibration by arranging damping, shock insulation pads and the like.
By adopting the thought of resisting earthquake force, certain damage can be brought to the structure under the action of earthquake, and the later reinforcement, maintenance and other technologies and economic costs are high. The mode of reducing earthquake force can bring large displacement or unrecoverable deformation of the structure under the action of earthquake, and the later sustainable use function of the building is affected.
Thus, there is a need for a reverse abatement device and a reverse abatement method: which may solve or at least alleviate some or all of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: a reverse damping apparatus and a reverse damping method are provided which can quickly and efficiently damp floor inertia horizontal forces to reduce or prevent damage to a building structure from an earthquake.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
According to a first possible implementation form of the first aspect of the invention, there is provided a reverse abatement device for abating floor inertia level forces during an earthquake, wherein the reverse abatement device comprises:
a sensing device secured to the earth in a manner that moves in synchronization with the crust and acquiring seismic spectrum information;
the controller is configured to receive the earthquake spectrum information from the sensing device, calculate the magnitude, direction and acting time of floor inertia horizontal force of each floor slab or steel beam corresponding to each floor of the building structure in an earthquake according to the earthquake spectrum information and a pre-stored structural power parameter related to the building structure, and calculate the magnitude and direction of the reducing force of each floor slab or steel beam based on the magnitude and direction of the floor inertia horizontal force and a pre-set reducing target;
a guide actuator fixed to the earth in a manner to move in synchronization with the earth's crust; and
a follower actuator fixed to the respective horizontal floor slab or beam,
wherein the controller is further configured to send instructions to the guide actuator and the follower actuator and to control the guide actuator and the follower actuator to apply the abatement force at the respective horizontal floor or beam in opposition to the floor inertia horizontal force at the time of action.
According to a first possible embodiment of the present invention, the controller calculates a current required to be input to the guide actuator and the following actuator according to the magnitude and direction of the reducing force and sends the instruction to control the current input to the guide actuator and the following actuator, the guide actuator and the following actuator being configured to generate electromagnetic force for forming the reducing force according to the input current.
According to a second possible embodiment of the invention, the guiding actuator is fixed to the ground or embedded below the ground, and the sensing device is fixed to the ground or embedded below the ground in a manner that moves in synchronization with the crust of the earth.
According to a second possible embodiment of the invention, the building structure comprises a basement, the guide actuators are fixed to or embedded in the floor of the basement, and the sensing device is fixed to or embedded in the floor of the basement in a manner that moves in synchronization with the crust of the earth.
According to a first to fourth possible embodiment of the invention, the abatement force is not greater than the floor inertia level force.
According to a fifth possible embodiment of the invention, the controller is provided with a memory, in which the structural power parameters and the preset abatement targets are pre-stored.
According to a sixth possible embodiment of the invention, the follower actuators are embedded in the horizontal floor slabs of the respective floors of the building structure.
According to a seventh possible embodiment of the present invention, a group of the following actuators are disposed at each horizontal floor or steel beam, and a group of the following actuators are disposed at uniform intervals in the horizontal direction.
According to an eighth possible embodiment of the present invention, the seismic spectrum information includes a three-way seismic acceleration, velocity or displacement over time, and the structural dynamics parameters include mass distribution of the building structure, a structure front n-order mode and a corresponding frequency.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a reverse damping method using a reverse damping device for damping floor inertia level forces during an earthquake as described in the various possible embodiments of the first aspect above, wherein the method comprises:
acquiring seismic spectrum information with the sensing device;
the controller receives the seismic spectrum information from the sensing device, calculates the magnitude, direction and acting time of floor inertia horizontal force of each floor slab or steel beam corresponding to each floor of the building structure in an earthquake according to the seismic spectrum information and the structural power parameters about the building structure which are pre-stored in the reverse abatement equipment, and calculates the magnitude and direction of abatement force of each floor slab or steel beam based on the magnitude and direction of the floor inertia horizontal force and a preset abatement target;
the controller sends the instruction to the guide actuator and the following actuator and controls the guide actuator and the following actuator to apply a damping force at the respective horizontal floor or steel beam opposite to the floor inertia horizontal force at the action time.
According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, the beneficial effect of protecting a building structure from damage under the action of an earthquake can be achieved based on the following features and reasons:
1. the reaction speed of the controller is high. Compared with the periodic reaction time of a structure for a few seconds, the reaction time of the electric base equipment is negligible, and the electric base equipment is easy to predict and control according to structural characteristics, so that time is provided for the calculation of the reducing force.
2. The intelligent active pre-reaction is performed prior to the reaction of the building structure to the earthquake. Unlike the conventional building structure, the present invention has active pre-reaction before the building structure reacts to earthquake, pre-reaction of the damping force for resisting the floor inertia horizontal force during earthquake is prepared based on the time difference between the earthquake action and the building structure reacting to earthquake, and the damping force is applied to the building structure reversely while the building structure bears the floor inertia horizontal force during earthquake.
3. The magnitude and direction control accuracy of the reducing force is high. The controller can accurately monitor and calculate the magnitude, the direction and the acting time of the floor inertia horizontal force of the earthquake born by the vertical members at each floor, so that the control accuracy for reducing the floor inertia horizontal force of the earthquake born by the vertical members at each floor is high.
Based on the beneficial technical effects, the reverse reduction device and the reverse reduction method can be widely applied to earthquake area building structures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a building structure and a counter-abatement device for floor inertia horizontal forces during an earthquake;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a building structure and a reverse abatement device for use with a floor inertia level force at the time of an earthquake, showing the floor inertia level force and the reverse abatement force at the time of a low-order vibration of the building structure at the beginning of the earthquake;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a building structure and a reverse abatement device for use with a floor inertia level force at an earthquake, showing the floor inertia level force and the reverse abatement force at the time of high-order vibration of the building structure at the duration of the earthquake.
In the figure: 1. vertical members of the building structure; 2. horizontal floors of building structures; 3. a basement; 4. a follower actuator; 5. a guide actuator; 6. a seismic induction sensor; 7. a controller; 8. the ground movement direction; 9. floor inertia horizontal force direction; 10. and reducing the force direction.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of a reverse abatement device and a reverse abatement method of the present invention for abating floor inertia level forces during an earthquake are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is presented for purposes of illustration only and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. Moreover, the dimensions and proportions of the various elements in the figures are merely illustrative and do not correspond exactly to the actual product.
As shown in fig. 1, the building structure includes a basement 3 and each floor structure above the ground, each floor structure including a vertical member 1 and a horizontal floor slab 2, respectively. The vertical member 1 includes a vertical column, a concrete shear wall, a support member, and the like. The basement 3 is provided with a seismic sensor 6 as a sensing device, a controller 7, and a guide actuator 5. A group of following actuators 4 are embedded in the horizontal floor slab 2 of each floor structure, and the following actuators 4 are uniformly arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction. The seismic sensor 6, the guide actuator 5 and the follower actuator 4 are all electrically connected to a controller 7. The seismic sensor 6, controller 7, guide actuator 5 and follower actuator 4 together form the counter-damping device of the invention for damping floor inertia level forces during an earthquake. The controller 7 may be an AI intelligent control device.
Specifically, when an earthquake occurs, the earthquake sensing sensor 6 collects earthquake spectrum information; the controller 7 receives the seismic spectrum information from the seismic induction sensor 6, calculates the magnitude, direction and acting time of the floor inertia horizontal force at each horizontal floor or steel beam corresponding to each floor of the building structure for the earthquake according to the seismic spectrum information and the structural power parameters about the building structure stored in advance in the reverse abatement device, and calculates the magnitude and direction of the abatement force at each horizontal floor or steel beam corresponding to each floor based on the magnitude and direction of the floor inertia horizontal force and the preset abatement target; thereafter, the controller 7 sends instructions to the guide actuators 5 and the following actuators 4 and controls the guide actuators 5 and the following actuators 4 to apply a damping force at each horizontal floor or steel beam at the time of action, which is opposite to the floor inertia horizontal force. In this way, damage to the building structure from earthquakes is reduced or prevented, as the floor inertia level forces are counteracted, even exactly counteracted, by the opposing counteracting forces.
The structure and function of the various components of the reverse abatement device in accordance with the invention will be described in detail.
In fig. 1-3 of the present invention, the seismic sensor 6 and the guide actuator 5 are fixed to the floor of the basement 3 so as to be capable of moving in synchronization with the crust of the earth. The follower actuators 4 are fixed to the horizontal floor slab 2, in particular embedded in the horizontal floor slab 2, and can keep a synchronous movement with the horizontal floor slab 2.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in some other embodiments, the seismic sensor 6 and the guide actuator 5 may be embedded under the floor of the basement 3, so long as the seismic sensor 6 is guaranteed to accurately sense the seismic spectrum information and the guide actuator 5 is kept in synchronous motion with the crust of the earth; the following actuators 4 may also be arranged on horizontal steel beams corresponding to the floor structures, as long as it is ensured that the following actuators 4 can keep synchronous movement with the corresponding floor structures. Although the controller 7 is shown as being disposed in the basement 3, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the controller 7 may be disposed in other locations as long as the control functions of the present invention are accomplished.
Additionally, in still other embodiments, where an existing building structure does not have a basement, the basement may be retrofitted to the existing building structure. Of course, in still other embodiments, the seismic sensor 6 and the guide actuator 5 may be secured to the ground or pre-buried below the ground without modification of the basement.
When an earthquake occurs, the earthquake sensing sensor 6 fixed on the floor of the basement 3 detects the earth's crust movement and acquires earthquake spectrum information. The seismic spectrum information comprises the change relation of three-way seismic acceleration, speed or displacement along with time, namely the magnitudes of the seismic acceleration, speed or displacement values of three directions at different moments; the seismic spectrum information may be processed to represent a displacement versus time, velocity versus time, or acceleration versus time. The seismic induction sensor 6 transmits the acquired seismic spectrum information to the controller 7 through a circuit.
The controller 7 is provided with a memory in which the structural power parameters of the building structure are pre-stored in advance. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the structural power parameters include information such as mass distribution, n-order mode shape before the structure, and corresponding frequency, where the value of n can take different values along with the total number of layers of the building structure to ensure accuracy. The structural dynamic parameters are the properties of the building structure, when one building structure is completed, the mass distribution and the rigidity distribution of the building structure are constant, and the vibration modes of each floor structure and the corresponding frequencies of the building structure can be calculated by using the conventional theory from the mass and the rigidity. The response of the building structure to the seismic waves is represented by inertial forces, i.e. when an earthquake occurs, the movement of the crust causes the upper building structure to generate inertial forces which have a great relationship with the seismic spectrum information and the structural dynamic parameters of the building structure. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that, according to the existing structural dynamics theory, the floor inertia level forces at different floor positions and different moments can be calculated in real time in a short time, for example, in 1s, according to the seismic spectrum information and the structural power parameters of the building structure by the existing calculation means, so that the calculation process is not repeated here. Since the building structure is affected by the earthquake and generates the floor inertia horizontal force at each floor for a long period, which is about 3 to 4s for a general high-rise building, the reaction time point of the building structure is several seconds later than the time point of the reverse abatement device for calculating the floor inertia horizontal force, and this time difference facilitates the reverse abatement device to calculate the abatement force according to a preset abatement target and apply the abatement force (described below).
After calculating the magnitudes and directions of the floor inertia horizontal forces at different floor positions and different moments, the controller 7 calculates the magnitudes of the damping forces which are required to be applied at different floor positions and are opposite to the floor inertia horizontal forces according to preset damping targets. The preset abatement target may refer to the proportion of the part of the floor inertia level force to be abated to the floor inertia level force, specified by the designer in advance, stored in the reverse abatement device in advance, for example in a memory provided by the controller 7. The preset abatement target may be set such that the abatement force is not greater than the floor inertia level force at the time of a floor earthquake. For example, the preset damping target may be set to damp 70% -80% of the floor inertia level force during a floor earthquake, and most desirably, to just damp 100% of the floor inertia level force during a floor earthquake.
The guide actuator 5 and the follower actuator 4 according to the present invention are electromagnetic induction actuators. The controller 7 may calculate the current required to be input to the guide actuator 5 and the following actuator 4 based on the magnitude and direction of the damping force in combination with the structural parameters of the guide actuator 5 and the following actuator 4. It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that such calculations may be performed based on existing theoretical knowledge and, therefore, are not described in detail herein. In this way, the controller 7 can control the guide actuator 5 and the follow-up actuator 4 to input the above-described calculated current at the above-described calculated time point. When the calculated current is inputted to the guide actuator 5 and the following actuator 4, the guide actuator 5 and the following actuator 4 generate magnetic force, and the magnitude of the inputted current determines the magnitude of the generated magnetic force. The guiding actuator 5 and the following actuator 4 produce magnetic forces in different directions, and the magnetic forces acting on each other eventually form a damping force. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the guide actuator 5 is provided in the basement so as to be able to move in synchronization with the earth's crust; the follower actuators 4 are fixed to the respective horizontal floors 2 of the building structure in synchronism with the horizontal floors. When energized, the magnetic force generated by the guide actuator 5 is much greater than the magnetic force generated by the follower actuator 4, so that when the guide actuator 5 moves with the earth's crust during an earthquake, the guide actuator 5 will act to guide the movement of the follower actuator 4 so that the follower actuator 4 follows the movement of the guide actuator 5 and moves accordingly, thereby protecting the vertical members of the building structure from damage.
In an ideal state, the reducing force generated by the guiding actuator 5 and the following actuator 4 is equal to the floor inertia horizontal force, so that the action of the floor inertia horizontal force on the building vertical member 1 during earthquake can be completely eliminated. In general, the reducing force generated by the guiding actuator 5 and the following actuator 4 is smaller than the floor inertia horizontal force, so that the purpose of reducing the floor inertia horizontal force when the building vertical member 1 bears an earthquake can be achieved, and the effect on the building structure is equivalent to greatly reducing the earthquake magnitude and the damage degree.
It should be noted that, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the above-mentioned memory for storing the structural power parameters and the preset abatement targets may also be provided separately from the controller 7, and not necessarily be a part of the controller 7. In addition, the number and arrangement of the following actuators arranged at each horizontal floor slab or steel beam can also be changed according to the building structure.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the guiding actuator 5 and the following actuator 4 in the present invention are configured as electromagnetic induction actuators, and the principle thereof has been described clearly, and the specific structure is not limited at all, and the structure thereof will not be described herein in detail, as long as the above functions can be satisfied.
The effect of an earthquake on a building structure is different in the initial and sustained stages of the occurrence of the earthquake. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a building structure and a reverse abatement device for use with a floor inertia level force at the time of an earthquake, showing the floor inertia level force and the reverse abatement force at the time of a low-order vibration of the building structure at the beginning of the earthquake. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a building structure and a reverse abatement device for use with a floor inertia level force at an earthquake, showing the floor inertia level force and the reverse abatement force at the time of high-order vibration of the building structure at the duration of the earthquake. As shown in fig. 2, in the initial stage of the occurrence of an earthquake, the building structure is in a low-order vibration state, and at this time, the floor inertia horizontal forces 9 of all floors are different in magnitude, but the directions of the floor inertia horizontal forces 9 are identical. Thus, the guiding actuators 5 and the following actuators 4 electromagnetically generate a damping force in a direction opposite to the floor inertia horizontal force of each floor where each group of the following actuators 4 is located, in accordance with the received instruction.
When the earthquake is in a continuous development stage, the vibration of the building structure becomes complicated. As shown in fig. 3, the building structure is in a high-order vibration state, and the directions of floor inertia horizontal forces of different floors may be different. The controller 7 may calculate the magnitude, direction and acting time of the floor inertia horizontal force of the earthquake on each floor level floor 2 according to the seismic spectrum information acquired by the seismic sensor 6 and the structural power parameters stored in the reverse abatement device in advance, then calculate the magnitude and direction of the abatement force on each floor based on the magnitude and direction of the floor inertia horizontal force on each floor level floor 2 and the preset abatement target, and send different instructions to the guiding actuator 5 and the following actuator 4 of each floor, where the guiding actuator 5 and the following actuator 4 electromagnetically generate the abatement force opposite to the direction of the floor inertia horizontal force of each floor where each group of the following actuator 4 is located according to the received different instructions.
The embodiments of the present invention are described above in detail. However, aspects of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments. Various modifications and substitutions may be applied to the above-described embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A reverse abatement device for abating floor inertia level forces during an earthquake, the reverse abatement device comprising:
a sensing device that collects seismic spectrum information;
the controller is configured to receive the earthquake spectrum information from the sensing device, calculate the magnitude, direction and acting time of floor inertia horizontal force of each floor slab or steel beam corresponding to each floor of the building structure in an earthquake according to the earthquake spectrum information and a pre-stored structural power parameter related to the building structure, and calculate the magnitude and direction of the damping force of each floor slab or steel beam based on the magnitude and direction of the floor inertia horizontal force and a preset damping target;
a guide actuator fixed to the earth in a manner to move in synchronization with the earth's crust; and
a follower actuator fixed to the respective horizontal floor slab or beam,
wherein the controller is further configured to send instructions to the guide actuator and the follower actuator and to control the guide actuator and the follower actuator to apply the abatement force at the respective horizontal floor or beam in opposition to the floor inertia horizontal force at the time of action;
the controller calculates the current required to be input into the guide actuator and the following actuator according to the magnitude and the direction of the reducing force and sends a command to control the current to be input into the guide actuator and the following actuator, the guide actuator and the following actuator are configured to generate electromagnetic force for forming the reducing force according to the input current, the directions of the electromagnetic force generated by the guide actuator and the electromagnetic force generated by the following actuator are different, and the reducing force is formed by the electromagnetic force action between the guide actuator and the following actuator; when the electric power is on, the electromagnetic force generated by the guide actuator is far greater than the electromagnetic force generated by the following actuator, and the guide actuator can play a role in guiding the motion of the following actuator.
2. A reverse abatement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the guide actuator is fixed to or pre-buried below the ground, and the sensing device is fixed to or pre-buried below the ground in a manner that moves in synchronism with the crust of the earth.
3. A reverse abatement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the building structure comprises a basement, the guide actuator being fixed to or embedded in a floor of the basement, the sensing device being fixed to or embedded in the floor of the basement in a manner to move in synchronism with the earth crust.
4. A reverse abatement device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the abatement force is not greater than the floor inertia level force.
5. A reverse abatement device according to claim 4, wherein the controller is provided with a memory, the structural power parameter and the preset abatement target being pre-stored in the memory.
6. A reverse abatement apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the follower actuators are pre-buried in the horizontal floor of each floor of the building structure.
7. A reverse abatement apparatus according to claim 6, wherein each horizontal floor or steel beam is provided with a set of said follower actuators, a set of said follower actuators being spaced apart evenly in a horizontal direction.
8. A reverse direction subtraction device according to claim 7, wherein the seismic spectrum information comprises a time dependence of three-way seismic acceleration, velocity or displacement, the structural dynamics parameters comprising mass distribution of the building structure, structure front n-order mode of vibration and corresponding frequencies.
9. A method of reverse abatement using a reverse abatement device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for abating floor inertia level forces during an earthquake, the method comprising:
acquiring seismic spectrum information with the sensing device;
the controller receives the seismic spectrum information from the sensing device, calculates the magnitude, direction and acting time of floor inertia horizontal force of each floor slab or steel beam corresponding to each floor of the building structure in an earthquake according to the seismic spectrum information and the structural power parameters about the building structure which are pre-stored in the reverse abatement equipment, and calculates the magnitude and direction of abatement force of each floor slab or steel beam based on the magnitude and direction of the floor inertia horizontal force and a preset abatement target;
the controller sends the instruction to the guide actuator and the following actuator and controls the guide actuator and the following actuator to apply a damping force opposite to the floor inertia horizontal force at each horizontal floor or steel beam at the action time;
the controller calculates the current required to be input into the guide actuator and the following actuator according to the magnitude and the direction of the reducing force and sends a command to control the current to be input into the guide actuator and the following actuator, the guide actuator and the following actuator are configured to generate electromagnetic force for forming the reducing force according to the input current, the directions of the electromagnetic force generated by the guide actuator and the electromagnetic force generated by the following actuator are different, and the reducing force is formed by the electromagnetic force action between the guide actuator and the following actuator; when the electric power is on, the electromagnetic force generated by the guide actuator is far greater than the electromagnetic force generated by the following actuator, and the guide actuator can play a role in guiding the motion of the following actuator.
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| CN111764497A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-13 | 淮阴工学院 | Active anti-seismic house structure |
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