CN108659057A - 一种木质素源酪氨酸酶抑制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于木质素高值利用领域,主要涉及小分子木质素作为酪氨酸酶抑制剂的应用。针对木质素结构不均一、分子量分散度高而造成木质素活性不均一的问题,利用二氯甲烷分级获得小分子量木质素的方法制备高效木质素源酪氨酸酶抑制剂。该方法包括以下步骤:以玉米秸秆为原料,采用乙醇水溶液高温蒸煮提取乙醇木质素,减压蒸馏除去乙醇,冷冻干燥获得乙醇木质素,并通过二氯甲烷分级木质素,获得具有高酪氨酸酶抑制活性的小分子木质素级分。本发明利用来源于木质素的小分子酚类化合物作为天然酪氨酸酶抑制剂,既提高了木质素的利用价值,同时为天然酪氨酸酶抑制剂开拓了新的廉价来源。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于木质素高值利用领域,主要涉及小分子木质素作为酪氨酸酶抑制剂的应用。
背景技术
木质素是一种芳香族高分子化合物,主要存在于植物纤维中,是构成植物细胞壁的成分之一。木质素在植物中的含量仅次于纤维素,占25%左右,是一种重要的可再生资源。木质素的主要来源是工业制浆废液,每年制浆造纸工业可从木材中分离出大量木质素,但是其有效利用率很低,多数木质素都通过燃烧来供电供热。木质素作为一种天然芳香类化合物,结构中含有酚羟基、醛基和羧基等多种官能团,是可以替代石油基化学品特别是芳香族化合物的重要来源。木质素是由苯基丙烷单元结构通过醚键或碳-碳键连接的具有三维结构的高分子聚合物,其中50%以上的单元结构之间的连接方式是醚键。木质素由于聚合度的差异导致了结构异质性,木质素的分子量显现出一定的多分散性,进而导致其各种活性不均一。对于木质素这种结构复杂、分子量分散度高的天然大分子化合物,在不考虑分子量的影响下直接利用,极易由于其分子量的分布范围广而导致后续应用中产品效果差、质量不稳定等问题。而利用有机溶剂分级的方法,降低木质素的分散度,以分子量为尺度获得反应活性及应用性能好的木质素,是解决木质素多分散性最直接的办法。通过木质素分级获得活性高的小分子量木质素可以更好的实现木质素的有效利用。
酪氨酸酶(EC1.14.18.1,Tyrosinase)广泛分布于微生物、动植物以及人体中。酪氨酸酶具有独特的双重催化功能:催化酪氨酸羟基化转变为多巴和氧化多巴形成多巴醌,是生物体内黑色素合成的关键酶,与人的衰老、昆虫的伤口愈合、果蔬的褐变等有密切关系。酪氨酸酶的表达与动物的生理功能息息相关,其活性异常过量表达可导致人体的色素沉着性疾病(如雀斑、黄褐斑、老年斑等)。因此,酪氨酸酶活性的抑制具有重要的意义。相对与合成的酪氨酸酶抑制剂,天然的酪氨酸酶抑制剂具有更好的生物相容性和更低的生物毒性。申请者通过实验发现小分子木质素的酪氨酸酶抑制活性强,可以作为一种高效来源广泛的酪氨酸酶抑制剂利用。基于此,本发明提出利用来源于木质素的小分子酚类化合物作为天然酪氨酸酶抑制剂,既增加了木质素的利用价值,同时为天然酪氨酸酶抑制剂开拓了新的廉价来源。
发明内容
本发明的目的是制备一种来源于木质素的高效酪氨酸酶抑制剂,同时针对木质素结构不均一、分散度高而造成木质素活性不均一的问题,利用二氯甲烷分级提取小分子量木质素的方法制备高效木质素源酪氨酸酶抑制剂。
本发明主要包括:
(1)木质素的制备
粉碎玉米秸秆和50%-80%乙醇水溶液(体积比)以固液比(1∶10-20)混合,在不添加酸碱催化剂的条件下,150-180℃高压蒸煮反应釜中反应1-3h后进行抽滤,旋蒸浓缩、蒸馏水洗涤除去水溶性杂质,冷冻干燥得到玉米秸秆乙醇木质素。
(2)木质素分级制备小分子木质素酪氨酸酶抑制剂
将木质素原料和二氯甲烷以1∶40-1∶60固液比(m/v)混合后,经过0.5-1h的超声使木质素原料充分溶解在二氯甲烷中,注意温度不能超过40℃,防止有机溶剂挥发;离心分离得到的上清液,上清液经过旋蒸除去二氯甲烷,得到小分子量木质素;将4mg小分子量木质素溶解于1mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,用pH6.8磷酸缓冲液稀释10倍,得到0.4mg/mL小分子量木质素酪氨酸酶抑制剂。小分子量木质素酪氨酸酶抑制活性的测定:反应体系共3mL,包括1mL浓度为1.5mM的多巴溶液,1mL 0.4mg/mL小分子木质素溶液,以及1mL 50U/mL酪氨酸酶,恒温水浴锅中25℃下反应10min,用紫外分光光度计测定475nm吸光度,计算抑制率。
本发明的创新之处是基于大小分子量木质素对酪氨酸酶抑制活性的差异,采用二氯甲烷将玉米秸秆乙醇木质素进行分级处理,除去酪氨酸酶抑制活性较低的大分子量木质素,获得酪氨酸酶活性较高的小分子木质素。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
将风干玉米秸秆粉碎,按照固液比1∶12(m/v)加入50%乙醇水溶液(v/v)150℃蒸煮1h。抽滤获得蒸煮液后,旋转蒸发除去乙醇并沉淀出木素。沉淀出的木素经过水洗离心除去水溶性杂质,冷冻干燥,获得乙醇木质素。将玉米秸秆乙醇木质素和二氯甲烷以1∶40(m/v)固液比混合后,经过0.5h的超声使木质素原料充分溶解在二氯甲烷中,通过离心分离获得上清液,上清液经过旋蒸除去二氯甲烷,得到小分子量木质素。获得的小分子量木质素进行酪氨酸酶抑制活性分析,在0.4mg/ml的浓度下,对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制率为70.56%。
实施例2:
将风干玉米秸秆粉碎,按照固液比1∶10(m/v)加入60%乙醇水溶液(v/v)160℃蒸煮2h。抽滤获得蒸煮液后,旋转蒸发除去乙醇并沉淀出木素。沉淀出的木素经过水洗离心除去水溶性杂质,冷冻干燥,获得乙醇木质素。将玉米秸秆乙醇木质素和二氯甲烷以1∶45(m/v)固液比混合后,经过1h的超声使木质素原料充分溶解在二氯甲烷中,通过离心分离获得上清液,上清液经过旋蒸除去二氯甲烷,得到小分子量木质素。获得的小分子量木质素进行酪氨酸酶抑制活性分析,在0.4mg/ml的浓度下,对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制率为71.48%。
实施例3:
将风干玉米秸秆粉碎,按照固液比1∶15(m/v)加入80%乙醇水溶液(v/v)160℃蒸煮2h。抽滤获得蒸煮液后,旋转蒸发除去乙醇并沉淀出木素。沉淀出的木素经过水洗离心除去水溶性杂质,冷冻干燥,获得乙醇木质素。将玉米秸秆乙醇木质素和二氯甲烷以1∶50(m/v)固液比混合后,经过0.5h的超声使木质素原料充分溶解在二氯甲烷中,通过离心分离获得上清液,上清液经过旋蒸除去二氯甲烷,得到小分子量木质素。获得的小分子量木质素进行酪氨酸酶抑制活性分析,在0.4mg/ml的浓度下,对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制率为73.12%。
实施例4:
将风干玉米秸秆粉碎,按照固液比1∶15(m/v)加入60%乙醇水溶液(v/v)170℃蒸煮1h。抽滤获得蒸煮液后,旋转蒸发除去乙醇并沉淀出木素。沉淀出的木素经过水洗离心除去水溶性杂质,冷冻干燥,获得乙醇木质素。将玉米秸秆乙醇木质素和二氯甲烷以1∶40(m/v)固液比混合后,经过1h的超声使木质素原料充分溶解在二氯甲烷中,通过离心分离获得上清液,上清液经过旋蒸除去二氯甲烷,得到小分子量木质素。获得的小分子量木质素进行酪氨酸酶抑制活性分析,在0.4mg/ml的浓度下,对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制率为75.23%。
Claims (3)
1.一种木质素源酪氨酸酶抑制剂及其制备方法,所述的方法包括以下步骤:
(1)粉碎玉米秸秆和50%-80%乙醇水溶液(v/v)以固液比1∶10-20(m/v)混合,150-180℃高压蒸煮反应釜中反应1-3h后进行抽滤,旋蒸浓缩除去乙醇、蒸馏水洗涤除去水溶性杂质,冷冻干燥得到玉米秸秆乙醇木质素;
(2)将木质素原料和二氯甲烷以1∶40-1∶60固液比(m/v)混合后经过0.5-1h的超声使木质素原料充分溶解在二氯甲烷中,通过离心分离得到的上清液,经过旋蒸除去二氯甲烷,得到小分子量木质素,获得的小分子量木质素进行酪氨酸酶抑制活性分析,在0.4mg/mL的浓度下,对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制率为70-80%。
2.按权利要求1所述的一种木质素源酪氨酸酶抑制剂及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述的木质素是以玉米秸秆为原料,在不添加酸碱催化剂的条件下,通过乙醇水溶液蒸煮提取。
3.按权利要求1所述的一种木质素源酪氨酸酶抑制剂及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述的酪氨酸酶抑制活性分析包括将4mg小分子量木质素溶解于1mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,用pH6.8磷酸缓冲液稀释10倍,得到0.4mg/mL小分子量木质素酪氨酸酶抑制剂;酪氨酸酶抑制活性的测定体系共3mL,包括1mL浓度为1.5mM的多巴溶液,1mL 0.4mg/mL小分子木质素溶液,以及1mL 50U/mL酪氨酸酶,恒温水浴锅中25℃下反应10min,用紫外分光光度计测定475nm吸光度,计算抑制率。
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