CN108658036B - 一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法 - Google Patents

一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法 Download PDF

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CN108658036B
CN108658036B CN201810338811.0A CN201810338811A CN108658036B CN 108658036 B CN108658036 B CN 108658036B CN 201810338811 A CN201810338811 A CN 201810338811A CN 108658036 B CN108658036 B CN 108658036B
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陈新
陈云
施达创
陈桪
刘强
高健
崔成强
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Abstract

本发明涉及微纳制造技术领域,特别是一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,其包括如下步骤:步骤a:对待加工工件的加工面进行光刻加工显影;步骤b:在待加工工件的背面粘贴掩膜板;步骤c:对掩膜板进行持续冷却降温;步骤d:将待加工工件放入湿法刻蚀装置中,并加入刻蚀液,开始进行刻蚀。步骤e:取出待加工工件,将掩膜板和待加工工件分离,最终获得具有目标刻蚀结构工件。上述加工方法在待加工工件上需要加工的图形区域与需要保留的区域形成了温度差,需要加工的图形区域温度较高,故刻蚀速度较快;而需要保留的区域温度较低,故刻蚀速度较慢,从而可加工出深宽比更高的精度更高的微孔或槽。

Description

一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及微纳制造技术领域,特别是一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法。
背景技术
湿法刻蚀是微纳加工领域常用的一种加工手段。湿法刻蚀的方法采用化学试剂,使需要加工的材料腐蚀溶解,达到去除材料的目的。湿法刻蚀的速度与反应的类型有关,同时也极易受到反应温度的影响。由于采用化学试剂腐蚀溶解材料的原理,意味着只要找到能够腐蚀溶解中待加工材料的试剂,就可以使用湿法刻蚀的方法对其进行加工。因此,该方法微纳结构的加工、印制电路板的制作、显现器件的制作、集成电路的制成等领域得到了广泛的应用。
但是,湿法刻蚀存在一定的限制。例如,使用经典的TMAH溶液或者KOH溶液刻蚀单晶硅时,刻蚀方向<100>方向,将于工件表面呈54.7°,难以得到光滑垂直的孔或槽,也更加不能在同一个工件上加工出不同尺寸的微孔和槽。因此,亟需提出一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,扩大湿法刻蚀加工的适用范围。
发明内容
针对上述缺陷,本发明的目的在于提出一种通过掩膜版选择性控制加工工件、待加工工件不同区域温度,在湿法刻蚀工艺中实现湿法刻蚀加工不同尺寸的微孔和槽的方法。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,其包括如下步骤:步骤a:对待加工工件的加工面进行光刻加工,使其显影后,所述待加工工件的加工面需要加工的图形区域材料露出,不需要加工的图形区域表面覆盖光刻胶层;步骤b:在待加工工件的背面,即与所述加工面相对的一侧的表面,粘贴掩膜板,所述掩膜板上的加工目标图形与所述加工面上需要加工的图形区域形状相同且对齐;步骤c:对所述待加工工件背面粘贴的掩膜板进行持续冷却降温;步骤d:将持续降温冷却的掩膜板和待加工工件放入湿法刻蚀装置中,并在待加工工件的加工面加入刻蚀液,开始进行刻蚀。步骤e:设置刻蚀时间,经过设定时间后取出掩膜板和待加工工件,中止刻蚀反应,并将所述掩膜板和所述待加工工件分离,最终获得具有目标刻蚀结构工件。
所述步骤a中所述待加工工件为晶圆,由硅制成。所述差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法是针对半导体行业的产品进行加工的,硅是该行业最常用的半导体材料,尤其是晶圆,主要由半导体材料硅制成,该加工方法利用了硅的材质特性进行加工,使得加工精度更高。
更优的,所述步骤a中所述光刻胶层的厚度为10nm-10μm。所述光刻胶层的厚度过厚会导致光刻显影后,所述待加工工件的加工面上需要加工的图形区域无法快速完全的显露出来;所述光刻胶层的厚度过薄,又会导致所述待加工面上不需要加工的图形区域也很容易显露出来,严重影响后面湿法刻蚀过程的加工效果;只有将所述光刻胶层的厚度限定在一定范围内才能达到既能满足不同待加工工件的快速光刻显影操作,又能保证最终产品的加工精度。
更优的,所述步骤b中所述掩膜板由遮光层和基层组成;所述基层由不锈钢或铜制成。不锈钢和铜都是不易生锈被腐蚀的金属,且具有良好的导热性能;利用两者做成的掩膜板原材料易获得造价低,导热块,可稳定的掩盖所述待加工件的背面的图形的同时,也可以更快的传导热量,保证所述待加工工件在湿法刻蚀过程中不同图形区域的加工温度差。
更优的,所述步骤c和/或所述步骤d中,对所述掩膜板进行持续降温冷却的方式为:使用流动的液氮对掩膜板进行冷却降温。液氮一方面不会与不锈钢或铜制成的掩膜板反应,所述掩膜板不会发生腐蚀;另一方面液氮是冷却快速且无害的冷却剂,可更加高效稳定的维持所述待加工工件在湿法刻蚀过程中不同图形区域的加工温度差。
更优的,所述步骤d中刻蚀液为TMAH刻蚀液或KOH刻蚀液。
更优的,所述步骤e中设置刻蚀时间为5分钟-5小时;初始的晶圆的厚度为450μm-500μm,做成芯片的厚度约为150-200μm,利用本申请中的加工方法,刻蚀的速度一般为0.5μm/min;需要刻蚀的结构的深度一般约为2.5μm-150μm。少于这个时间可能刻蚀的结构深度不够;超过这个时间,结构太深,因此将刻蚀时间进行细化限定可尽可能的避免加工出劣质产品的情况发生。
更优的,所述步骤e中所述目标刻蚀结构中包括的微孔或槽的深宽比大于5。
本发明提出一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,对深宽比大于5的微孔或槽结构具有显著传统湿法刻蚀加工方法无法比拟的加工效果。首先,待加工工件加工面,即正面经光刻显影,只让需要加工的图形区域材料露出;同时,在待加工工件背面粘贴加工同样目标图形的掩膜板,并可通过流动的液氮对掩膜板进行冷却降温。然后,将待加工工件与掩膜板等一起放入湿法刻蚀装置中,加入刻蚀液,开始进行刻蚀。在刻蚀过程中,不断通过液氮对掩膜板进行冷却降温。因此,与掩膜板图形直接接触的待加工工件局部区域的温度也同样被降低;而没有与掩膜板图形直接接触其他区域的温度将维持在较高的状态,即在待加工工件上形成了与需要加工的目标图形区域相同的高温区域。因此,在待加工工件上,需要加工的目标图形区域与需要保留的区域形成了温度差。在需要加工的目标图形区域温度较高,故刻蚀速度较快;而需要保留的区域温度较低,故刻蚀速度较慢。通过在待加工工件上产生温度差而产生刻蚀速率差,从而可加工出深宽比更高的微孔和槽。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个实施例的加工流程图;
图2是本发明的一个实施例刚完成湿法刻蚀步骤时的结构示意图。
其中:刻蚀液401,光刻胶层402,待加工工件403,遮光层404,基层405,液氮406,待加工工件加工得到的孔或槽407。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
如图1和2所示,一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,其包括如下步骤:
步骤a:对待加工工件403的加工面进行光刻加工,使其显影后,所述待加工工件403的加工面需要加工的图形区域材料露出,不需要加工的图形区域表面覆盖光刻胶层402;所述待加工工件403为晶圆,由硅制成;所述光刻胶层402的厚度为10μm;
步骤b:在待加工工件403的背面,即与所述加工面相对的一侧的表面,粘贴掩膜板,所述掩膜板上的加工目标图形与所述加工面上需要加工的图形区域形状相同且对齐;所述掩膜板由遮光层404和基层405组成;所述基层405由不锈钢制成。
步骤c:使用流动的液氮406对所述待加工工件403的背面粘贴的掩膜板进行持续冷却降温;
步骤d:将持续降温冷却的掩膜板和待加工工件403放入湿法刻蚀装置中,并在待加工工件的加工面加入刻蚀液401,具体为TMAH刻蚀液,开始进行刻蚀。
步骤e:设置刻蚀时间为2小时,经过设定时间后取出掩膜板和待加工工件,中止刻蚀反应,并将所述掩膜板和所述待加工工件403分离,最终获得目标刻蚀结构中包括的微孔或槽407的深宽比大于5工件。
现有技术中的湿法刻蚀加工普遍只能加工出深宽比小于4的微孔或槽,深宽比大于5甚至更大的微孔或槽结构都会出现不同程度的缺陷,而所述的一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,其是专门针对对深宽比大于5甚至更大的微孔或槽结构进行加工的,而且具有高精度高速率的加工特点。
本发明提出一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,对深宽比大于5的微孔或槽结构具有显著传统湿法刻蚀加工方法无法比拟的加工效果。首先,待加工工件的加工面,即正面经光刻显影,只让需要加工的图形区域材料露出;同时,在待加工工件背面粘贴加工同样目标图形的掩膜板,并可通过流动的液氮对掩膜板进行冷却降温。
然后,将待加工工件与掩膜板等一起放入湿法刻蚀装置中,加入刻蚀液,开始进行刻蚀。在刻蚀过程中,不断通过液氮对掩膜板进行冷却降温。因此,与掩膜板图形直接接触的待加工工件局部区域的温度也同样被降低;而没有与掩膜板图形直接接触其他区域的温度将维持在较高的状态,即在待加工工件上形成了与需要加工的目标图形区域相同的高温区域。因此,在待加工工件上,需要加工的目标图形区域与需要保留的区域形成了温度差。在需要加工的目标图形区域温度较高,故刻蚀速度较快;而需要保留的区域温度较低,故刻蚀速度较慢。通过在待加工工件上产生温度差而产生刻蚀速率差,从而可加工出深宽比更高的微孔和槽。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本发明的技术原理。这些描述只是为了解释本发明的原理,而不能以任何方式解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。基于此处的解释,本领域的技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可联想到本发明的其它具体实施方式,这些方式都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤a:对待加工工件的加工面进行光刻加工,使其显影后,所述待加工工件的加工面需要加工的图形区域材料露出,不需要加工的图形区域表面覆盖光刻胶层;
步骤b:在待加工工件的背面,即与所述加工面相对的一侧的表面,粘贴掩膜板,所述掩膜板上的加工目标图形与所述加工面上需要加工的图形区域形状相同且对齐;
步骤c:对所述待加工工件背面粘贴的掩膜板进行持续冷却降温;
步骤d:将持续降温冷却的掩膜板和待加工工件放入湿法刻蚀装置中,并在待加工工件的加工面加入刻蚀液,开始进行刻蚀;
步骤e:设置刻蚀时间,经过设定时间后取出掩膜板和待加工工件,中止刻蚀反应,并将所述掩膜板和所述待加工工件分离,最终获得具有目标刻蚀结构工件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a中所述待加工工件为晶圆,由硅制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a中所述光刻胶层的厚度为10nm-10μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b中所述掩膜板由遮光层和基层组成;所述基层由不锈钢或铜制成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,其特征在于,所述步骤c和/或所述步骤d中,对所述掩膜板进行持续降温冷却的方式为:使用流动的液氮对掩膜板进行冷却降温。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,其特征在于,所述步骤d中刻蚀液为TMAH刻蚀液或KOH刻蚀液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,其特征在于,所述步骤e中设置刻蚀时间为5分钟-5小时。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种差异化微结构的同步湿法刻蚀加工方法,其特征在于,所述步骤e中所述目标刻蚀结构中包括的微孔或槽的深宽比大于5。
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