CN108649267B - 一种钾离子导体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种钾离子导体及其制备方法和应用,所述制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)在惰性气氛中,将含苯环的有机物溶于醚类化合物中,搅拌均匀形成透明的溶液;(2)在惰性气氛中,将金属钾加入步骤(1)制得的溶液中,待金属钾完全溶解,得到钾化试剂溶液;(3)在惰性气氛中,将β”‑Al2O3陶瓷按预定比例加入步骤(2)制得的钾化试剂溶液中,充分搅拌,然后静置,再经过滤洗涤、干燥后得到钾离子导体。本发明的钾离子导体具有高钾离子电导率,高机械强度,制备工艺简单,制备成本更低,安全可控,可以作为钾离子传导的电解质,用于钾离子电池、钾空气电池、钾‑硫电池、钾离子电容器和电致变色器件等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钾离子导体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
锂离子电池以其高能量密度在储能领域的应用越来越广泛。自1991年进入市场以来,已经广泛应用于便携式电子设备、新能源汽车、大规模储能等领域。但是由于锂资源的稀缺性和分布不均匀,限制了锂离子电池在电动汽车、大规模储能等领域的应用。因此,十分必要开发廉价、高能量密度、高功率密度的新型可充电电池作为替代方式。
基于钾离子的二次电池,如钾离子电池、钾硫电池、钾空气电池等作为新型电池体系,具有资源丰富、成本低廉等优势,并且钾离子的标准氧化还原电势与锂离子电池最为接近,呈现出较高的理论容量和能量密度,具有良好的应用前景。电解液作为基于钾离子的二次电池的重要组成部分,对电池的安全和性能由关键的影响。目前的钾离子固态电解质,其制备条件比较苛刻,需要高温加热(>1200℃),不仅成本高,还存在安全性问题。因此开发一种制备简单、具有高钾离子电导率的钾离子导体具有重要的理论和现实意义。
发明内容
为了弥补上述现有技术的不足,本发明提出一种钾离子导体及其制备方法和应用,该方法工艺简单,具有高钾离子电导率和高机械强度。
本发明的技术问题通过以下的技术方案予以解决:
一种钾离子导体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)在惰性气氛中,将含苯环的有机物溶于醚类化合物中,搅拌均匀形成透明的溶液;
(2)在惰性气氛中,将金属钾加入步骤(1)制得的溶液中,待金属钾完全溶解,得到钾化试剂溶液;
(3)在惰性气氛中,将β”-Al2O3陶瓷按预定比例加入到步骤(2)所制得的钾化试剂溶液中,充分搅拌,然后静置,再经过滤洗涤、干燥后得到钾离子导体。
优选地,所述含苯环的有机物为联苯类化合物或稠环芳烃类化合物。
优选地,在步骤(1)制得的溶液中,含苯环的有机物的浓度为0.1~5mol/L。
优选地,在步骤(2)得到的钾化试剂溶液中,钾的浓度为0.1~5mol/L。
优选地,所述步骤(3)中,β”-Al2O3陶瓷与步骤(2)所制得的钾化试剂溶液的质量比为2:1~10:1。
优选地,步骤(1)中的醚类化合物,其通式为R1OR2或R1OR2OR3,其中,R1,R2,R3各自独立地为C1-C10的烷基或其衍生物。
一种钾离子导体,由醚类化合物、含苯环的有机物、金属钾和β”-Al2O3陶瓷按所述的制备方法制备得到。
钾离子导体的应用,所述钾离子导体作为钾离子传导的电解质。
本发明与现有技术对比的有益效果包括:本发明的钾离子导体具有高钾离子电导率,高机械强度,制备工艺简单,无需高温热处理,制备成本更低,安全可控,其可以作为钾离子传导的电解质,用于钾离子电池、钾空气电池、钾-硫电池、钾离子电容器和电致变色器件等。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1中制得的钾离子导体的X射线衍射图谱;
图2是本发明实施例1中制得的钾离子导体的扫描电子显微镜形貌图。
具体实施方式
下面对照附图并结合优选的实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
本具体实施方式中钾离子导体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在惰性气氛中,将含苯环的有机物溶于醚类化合物中,搅拌均匀形成透明的溶液;
(2)在惰性气氛中,将金属钾加入步骤(1)制得的溶液中,待金属钾完全溶解,得到钾化试剂溶液;
(3)在惰性气氛中,将β”-Al2O3陶瓷按预定比例加入到步骤(2)所制得的钾化试剂溶液中,充分搅拌,然后静置,再经过滤洗涤、干燥后得到钾离子导体。
在一些优选的实施方式中,可以选择以下条件中的一者或在不冲突的情况的任意组合:
所述含苯环的有机物为联苯类化合物或稠环芳烃类化合物,进一步优选二联苯及其衍生物、三联苯、萘和蒽等。
在步骤(1)制得的溶液中,含苯环的有机物的浓度为0.1~5mol/L。
在步骤(2)得到的钾化试剂溶液中,钾的浓度为0.1~5mol/L。
所述步骤(3)中,β”-Al2O3陶瓷与步骤(2)所制得的钾化试剂溶液的质量比为2:1~10:1。
步骤(1)中的醚类化合物,其通式为R1OR2或R1OR2OR3,其中,R1,R2,R3各自独立地为C1-C10的烷基或其衍生物;包括但不限于二乙醇二甲醚、乙二醇二丁醚、四乙二醇二甲醚或乙二醇二乙醚。
本发明还提供一种钾离子导体,其由醚类化合物、含苯环的有机物、金属钾和β”-Al2O3陶瓷按所述的制备方法制备得到。
本发明还提供一种所述的钾离子导体的应用,其作为钾离子传导的电解质;用于钾离子电池、钾空气电池、钾-硫电池、钾离子电容器和电致变色器件等。
实施例1
在惰性气氛中(水和氧的含量都小于1%的充满氩气的手套箱中),将干燥的二联苯溶于无水二乙二醇二甲醚中,得到0.5mol/L的联苯溶液,然后将适量的金属钾加入到该溶液中,随着金属钾的溶解,溶液颜色逐渐变为深绿色,得到钾的浓度为0.5mol/L的溶液。然后向溶液中加入与溶液质量比为2:1的β”-Al2O3陶瓷,搅拌60min后静置12h,所得产物经过过滤、用二乙二醇二甲醚洗涤后真空过夜干燥得到钾离子导体,其X射线衍射图谱如图1所示,扫描电子显微镜形貌图如图2所示。本实施例得到的钾离子导体主相为K1.60Al11O17(质量比>67%),有少量K2Al10.67O17(质量比<8%),还有少量β”-Al2O3(质量比小于20%)和其他杂相(质量比<5%),在室温下,其离子电导率是0.25mS/cm。
在其他实施例中,通过调控含苯环的有机物、金属钾和β”-Al2O3陶瓷等的量,可以得到各相不同含量的钾离子导体。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干等同替代或明显变型,而且性能或用途相同,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种钾离子导体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)在惰性气氛中,将含苯环的有机物溶于醚类化合物中,搅拌均匀形成透明的溶液;在该溶液中含苯环的有机物的浓度为0.1~5mol/L;
(2)在惰性气氛中,将金属钾加入步骤(1)制得的溶液中,待金属钾完全溶解,得到钾化试剂溶液;在钾化试剂溶液中,钾的浓度为0.1~5mol/L;
(3)在惰性气氛中,按照β”-Al 2O3陶瓷与步骤(2)所制得的钾化试剂溶液的质量比为2:1~10:1,将β”-Al2O3陶瓷按预定比例加入到步骤(2)所制得的钾化试剂溶液中,充分搅拌,然后静置,再经过滤洗涤、干燥后得到钾离子导体;
通过调控含苯环的有机物、金属钾和β”-Al2O3陶瓷的量,可以得到各相不同含量的钾离子导体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钾离子导体的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述含苯环的有机物为联苯类化合物或稠环芳烃类化合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的钾离子导体的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中的醚类化合物,其通式为R1OR2或R1OR2OR3,其中,R1,R2,R3各自独立地为C1-C10的烷基或其衍生物。
4.一种钾离子导体,其特征在于:所述钾离子导体由醚类化合物、含苯环的有机物、金属钾和β”-Al 2O 3陶瓷按权利要求1-3任意一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
5.权利要求4所述的钾离子导体的应用,其特征在于:所述钾离子导体作为钾离子传导的电解质。
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