CN108647188A - A kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method - Google Patents
A kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108647188A CN108647188A CN201810438913.XA CN201810438913A CN108647188A CN 108647188 A CN108647188 A CN 108647188A CN 201810438913 A CN201810438913 A CN 201810438913A CN 108647188 A CN108647188 A CN 108647188A
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
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- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 241000758789 Juglans Species 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 101100136092 Drosophila melanogaster peng gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002595 cold damage Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
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- 208000001034 Frostbite Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of walnut Spring frost investigation methods, include the following steps：1) observation unit is selected：Select 31 year raw bearing basal shoots as observation unit from walnut plant；2) investigation index is determined：All current year life leaf stretching period young sprouts, compound leaf, buds and male inflorescence on selected observation unit mother branch and mother's branch are endured cold into situation as investigation index；3) investigation statistics：It is investigated after default freeze injury classification standard, and counts the sample number of corresponding each grade of investigation index；4) freezing damage index is calculated；5) single plant freeze injury grade is determined.The present invention is by by walnut Spring frost sample data digitization, and establish freeze injury index investigation statistics analytical table, it is again with reference to determining the freezing damage index and freeze injury grade of investigation index with preset standard data, solve current walnut Spring frost investigation index and freeze injury classification standard disunity, investigation method poor operability, the different artificial subjective judgements of investigator are more, the larger problem of error.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting fruit trees and manage and protect technical field more particularly to a kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method.
Background technology
Walnut is important oil plant and nut seeds, is one of four big dry fruit of the world and the most important economic forest in China
Seeds.Walnut nutritious value is abundant, there is the good reputation of long live, Longevity and the treasured of health.Walnut kernel is rich in amino needed by human
The ingredients such as acid, aliphatic acid, vitamin and a large amount of calcium, phosphorus, iron not only can also be prevented hair and be bleached and be taken off too early with moisturizing
The effect fallen.Meanwhile walnut kernel is in terms of promoting health and the important auxiliary material of Chinese patent drug, have it is pleasant enrich blood, cough-relieving
Phlegm, moistening lung kidney tonifying, nourishes rough skin and other effects.China is walnut production big country, but since northern area cold spell in later spring phenomenon often goes out
Existing, generally existing Spring frost problem can all cause walnut Severe Reduction on Spring frost, even have no harvest, seriously affect
The income of peasant.Therefore, Investigation on Frost Damage is carried out when Spring frost occurs, and filters out the excellent product for being resistant to and (keeping away) Spring frost
Kind, it has also become mitigate freeze injury, it is ensured that the basis and key that walnut is scored consecutive bumper harvests.In addition, accurately investigation method also can be government
Functional department formulates Prevention method, and accurate statistical data is provided for famine year the yield by estimation, and theoretical foundation is provided for walnut production cultivation.
Li Shan, Wang Jiajun et al. are disclosed《Freezing injury of fruit trees is investigated and criterion》, the freezing injury of fruit trees investigation of disclosure
Method is：Age tree sprig or Bud Cold Damage are investigated into, each each kind in place is no less than 5 plants, and every plant is pressed all directions 5
20 branches or bud are respectively investigated in orientation, count every plant of 100 branches or bud.It investigates childhood branch freeze injury or stripping, each place is many
It in 100 plants, is investigated less than hundred gardens Zhu little Yuan Kuaiquan, investigation limb, each place of rhizome freeze injury are no less than 30 plants, can also just not
Different parts, different branch classes compare and analyze on same kind, stock, the age of tree, different growing states or same tree, find out freeze injury
Rule.Meanwhile this report further discloses freezing injury of fruit trees grade and its criterion, is specifically divided into 5 grades：1) 0 grade, bud is just
Often change colour without performance or slightly or earsh stripping is without performance or slight, or at tree tree crown without performance or slight or trunk without performance
Or cortex slightly changes colour；2) 1 grade：Potted flower is dead or lopsided inside inflorescence, and part flower can still yield positive results or earsh stripping is few
Measure branch end dehydration drying shrinkage, or at age tree tree go up that (within half) biennial limb is withered on a small quantity or trunk north side cortex inside
And xylem becomes yellowish-brown, the non-frostbite of forming layer；3) 2 grades：Inflorescence initial body is dead and branches and leaves are not dead, and foliation is taken out slightly without opening
Branch is dried-up within flower or earsh half, or at the upper one biennial big portion of branch (more than half) of age tree tree to whole death, or
Inside the cortex of trunk north side and xylem becomes dark brown, forming layer frostbite；4) 3 grades：Bud germination is without taking out slightly or earsh half
Branch is dried-up within number, or at dark brown is all become inside and outside the upper limb half of age tree tree or so death or trunk north side, forming layer freezes
Wound；5) 4 grades：The withered dead or earsh tree crown branch of bud is all dried-up, or at the nearly all dead or trunks of age tree tree crown
With 3 grades of symptoms and all death of dry week, tree crown.But since the investigation method collecting sample quantity that this report discloses is big and more
Based on estimating and describe, investigation index and freeze injury classification standard very disunity, operability is poor, and different investigators are artificial
Subjective judgement is more, and error is larger, lacks data supporting.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to：A kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method is provided, by by walnut Spring frost data
Digitization, and be with reference to determining investigation index and freeze injury grade, to solve current walnut Late frost with preset standard data
Investigation index and freeze injury classification standard disunity in evil investigation method, the reasons such as investigation method is coarse cause investigation result inaccurate
Really, the larger problem of error.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method, includes the following steps：
1) observation unit is selected：3 lifes in 1 year are randomly choosed from 3 different directions of walnut plant sustained height to be investigated
Bearing basal shoot is as observation unit；
2) investigation index is determined：All current years on selected observation unit mother branch and mother's branch are given birth into leaf stretching period young sprout, are answered
Leaf, buds and male inflorescence endure cold situation as investigation index；
3) investigation statistics：After presetting freeze injury classification standard according to each investigation index, carried out using different investigative techniques
Investigation, and the sample number of corresponding each grade of investigation index is counted, fill in walnut freeze injury index investigation statistics table；
4) freezing damage index is calculated：It is counted respectively using freezing damage index calculation formula according to the investigation statistics table that step 3) is filled in
The freezing damage index of different investigation indexs is calculated, and the average value of the freezing damage index of each investigation index on every bearing basal shoot is calculated as tying
The freezing damage index of fruit mother's branch, the investigation index freezing damage index calculation formula are：
I=∑s (freeze injury grade sample number × typical value at different levels)/(gross sample number × superlative degree freeze injury typical value) × 100%
5) single plant freeze injury grade is determined：It averages to 3 bearing basal shoot freezing damage indexes selected by step 1), result meter
For single plant freezing damage index, and determine that single plant freeze injury grade, the single plant freeze injury grade are according to single this plant of freezing damage index：
0 grade：ISingle plant=0, show that walnut single plant is normal, freeze injury phenomenon does not occur；
1 grade：ISingle plant≤ 25%, show the slight freeze injury of walnut single plant；
2 grades：25%<ISingle plant≤ 50%, show walnut single plant moderate freeze injury；
3 grades：50%<ISingle plant≤ 75%, show walnut single plant severe freeze injury；
4 grades：ISingle plant>75%, show walnut single plant serious cold damage.
Preferably, it before being investigated using the investigation method, first carries out investigation place and investigates the determination of plant, tool
Body requires：According to when hairyfruit violet herb Planting status, mountainous region, hills, ditch dam and level land and other different terrains, Different Altitude are chosen
Walnut planting site as investigation place after, graded kind is investigated, and each Walnut Cultivars random searching 5 of each points for investigation
Strain.
Preferably, after carrying out the determining investigation place and investigation plant, control time has been also predefined, has specially worked as
The 2-10 days after ground Spring frost generation.
Preferably, after determining single plant freeze injury grade, also kind freeze injury is calculated using kind freezing damage index calculation formula and referred to
Number, the kind freezing damage index calculation formula are：
IKind=∑ (freeze injury grade strain number × typical value at different levels)/(always investigating strain number × superlative degree freeze injury typical value) × 100%
Preferably, after calculating kind freezing damage index, also determine that kind freeze injury grade, the kind freeze injury grade are：
0 grade：IKind=0, show that freeze injury phenomenon does not occur for Walnut Cultivars；
1 grade：IKind≤ 25%, show the slight freeze injury of Walnut Cultivars；
2 grades：25%<IKind≤ 50%, show Walnut Cultivars moderate freeze injury；
3 grades：50%<IKind≤ 75%, show Walnut Cultivars severe freeze injury；
4 grades：IKind>75%, show Walnut Cultivars serious cold damage.
Further, the observation unit mother branch freeze injury degree is used for investigation result mother's branch freeze injury grade, and investigation method is：
From 1 year, raw bearing basal shoot top cut downwards epidermis, observed xylem color, and browning nigrescence, which is considered as, endures cold, and white is considered as
It does not endure cold；The ratio-dependent freeze injury grade of bearing basal shoot total length is accounted for further according to stem section length of enduring cold：It is complete do not endure cold for 0 grade, 1/3
Endure cold for 1 grade, 2/3 endure cold for 2 grades, all to endure cold be 3 grades.
Further, leaf stretching period young sprout freeze injury degree is given birth on the observation unit mother branch for the year for investigating current year on mother's branch
Raw leaf stretching period young sprout freeze injury grade, investigation method are：The color of observation current year raw leaf stretching period young sprout：It is green, full to be considered as not
It endures cold；Black feels like jelly to be considered as and endure cold；The ratio-dependent freeze injury grade of young stem total length is accounted for further according to young stem length degree of enduring cold：Quan Wei
Endure cold for 0 grade, 1/3 endure cold for 1 grade, 2/3 endure cold for 2 grades, all to endure cold be 3 grades.
Further, compound leaf freeze injury degree is given birth on the observation unit mother branch for the year for investigating Walnut on mother's branch to freeze
Evil grade, investigation method are：Observe the color of blade：Green, fresh and tender be considered as is not endured cold；Black, feel like jelly or crimp be considered as by
Freeze, the ratio-dependent freeze injury grade of leaflet sum is accounted for further according to the small number of sheets of enduring cold on compound leaf, does not endure cold entirely and be divided into 0 grade, 1/3 endure cold
For 1 grade, 2/3 endure cold for 2 grades, all to endure cold be 3 grades.
Further, female flower freeze injury degree is used to investigate buds freeze injury grade on mother's branch on the observation unit mother branch,
Investigation method is：Observe the color and the big degree of ovary Peng of column cap and ovary：Column cap is white, and ovary is in 0 grade of green Peng great Wei；
Column cap, ovary in lilac are 1 grade, column cap, dark purple ovary are 2 grades.
Further, male flower freeze injury degree is used to investigate male inflorescence freeze injury grade on mother's branch on the observation unit mother branch,
Its investigation method is：The color of male inflorescence and pollen is observed, inflorescence, which is considered as in green, pollen in yellow, does not endure cold；Inflorescence or flower
Powder is considered as in black endures cold, and freeze injury grade is determined further according to inflorescence area of enduring cold, do not endure cold entirely for 0 grade, 1/2 endure cold for 1 grade, it is complete
It is 2 grades that portion, which endures cold,.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1) present invention is by by walnut Spring frost sample data digitization, and establishes the analysis of freeze injury index investigation statistics
Table, then with preset standard data be with reference to determining the freezing damage index and freeze injury grade of investigation index, solve current walnut
Spring frost investigation index and freeze injury classification standard disunity, investigation method poor operability, different investigators are artificially subjective
Judge more, the larger problem of error；
2) present invention is by selecting control time and determined, efficiently solve walnut Spring frost because of hysteresis quality and
The problem of investigation result inaccuracy, makes investigation result accuracy significantly improve caused by restorative influence；
3) present invention selection Different Organs are investigated, and preset freeze injury classification standard for each organ, make investigation side
Method more targetedly and feasibility, and the great expression power of each organ, can react walnut Spring frost more comprehensive, scientifically
Situation；
4) investigation method collecting sample quantity of the present invention is few, and accuracy is high, and is avoided that the factors such as arid climate to investigation
As a result influence, have it is very high perspective, to preventing Spring frost, it is ensured that walnut good harvest is of great significance, and is also government
Functional department works out measures, and accurate statistical data is provided for famine year the yield by estimation, and theoretical foundation is provided for walnut production cultivation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is observation unit mother branch freeze injury grade collection of illustrative plates
Fig. 2 is to give birth to leaf stretching period young sprout freeze injury grade collection of illustrative plates on observation unit's mother's branch for the year
Fig. 3 is to give birth to compound leaf freeze injury grade collection of illustrative plates on observation unit's mother's branch for the year
Fig. 4 is female flower freeze injury grade collection of illustrative plates on observation unit's mother's branch
Fig. 5 is male flower freeze injury grade collection of illustrative plates on observation unit's mother's branch
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described further with reference to specific embodiment, in order to same domain technical staff
Understanding.
A kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method, includes the following steps：
1) investigation place and investigation plant are determined：According to when hairyfruit violet herb Planting status, mountainous region, hills, ditch dam peace are chosen
After the walnut planting site of river and other different terrains, Different Altitude is used as investigation place, graded kind is investigated, and each investigation
5 plants of each Walnut Cultivars random searching of point；
Specifically, applicant is 11-12 days in April, 2018, by south of Gansu Province Cheng County Tourism Garden of Ecological (being located at Cheng County area just outside a city gate town city),
Main road ditch country Walnut Cultivars Demonstration Garden and White Horse Temple Walnut Breeding base as investigation place, to 755 Walnut Cultivars of south of Gansu Province into
Row investigation.
2) control time is selected：For the performance of walnut Spring frost with hysteresis quality and restorative, investigation period is too early, slight to freeze
Evil not yet shows, and influences the accuracy of investigation；Investigation period, slight freeze injury was easy to restore too late, same influence investigation
Accuracy, therefore, Spring frost investigation should be completed after the generation of local Spring frost in the 2-10 days.
3) observation unit is selected：3 lifes in 1 year are randomly choosed from 3 different directions of walnut plant sustained height to be investigated
Bearing basal shoot is as observation unit.
4) investigation index is determined：All current years on selected observation unit mother branch and mother's branch are given birth into leaf stretching period young sprout, are answered
Leaf, buds and male inflorescence endure cold situation as investigation index；
5) investigation statistics：After presetting freeze injury classification standard according to each investigation index, carried out using different investigative techniques
Investigation, and the sample number of corresponding each grade of investigation index is counted, walnut freeze injury index investigation statistics table is filled in, each investigation refers to
Target presets freeze injury classification standard and investigative technique is as follows：
The observation unit mother branch freeze injury degree is used for investigation result mother's branch freeze injury grade, and investigation method is：Such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, cuts epidermis downwards from female branch top, observe xylem color, browning nigrescence, which is considered as, endures cold, and white is considered as not
It endures cold；The ratio-dependent freeze injury grade of bearing basal shoot total length is accounted for further according to stem section length of enduring cold：It is complete do not endure cold for 0 grade, 1/3 by
Jelly be 1 grade, 2/3 endure cold for 2 grades, whole is endured cold is 3 grades；
Leaf stretching period young sprout freeze injury degree is given birth on the observation unit mother branch for the year and gives birth to lamina on mother's branch for the year for investigating
Phase young sprout freeze injury grade, investigation method are：As shown in Fig. 2, the color of observation current year raw leaf stretching period young sprout：It is green, full to regard
Not endure cold；Black feels like jelly to be considered as and endure cold；The ratio-dependent freeze injury grade of young stem total length is accounted for further according to young stem length degree of enduring cold：
It is complete do not endure cold for 0 grade, 1/3 endure cold for 1 grade, 2/3 endure cold for 2 grades, all to endure cold be 3 grades.
Compound leaf freeze injury degree is given birth on the observation unit mother branch for the year to be used to investigate Walnut freeze injury grade on mother's branch,
Its investigation method is：As shown in figure 3, the color of observation blade：Green, fresh and tender be considered as is not endured cold；Black, feeling like jelly or crimping is considered as
It endures cold, the ratio-dependent freeze injury grade of leaflet sum is accounted for further according to the small number of sheets of enduring cold on compound leaf, does not endure cold and endures cold for 0 grade, 1/3 entirely
For 1 grade, 2/3 endure cold for 2 grades, all to endure cold be 3 grades.
Female flower freeze injury degree is for investigating buds freeze injury grade, investigation method on mother's branch on the observation unit mother branch
It is：As shown in figure 4, the color and the big degree of ovary Peng of observation column cap and ovary：Column cap is white, and ovary is in green Peng great Wei 0
Grade；Column cap, ovary in lilac are 1 grade, column cap, dark purple ovary are 2 grades.
Male flower freeze injury degree is for investigating male inflorescence freeze injury grade, investigation side on mother's branch on the observation unit mother branch
Method is：As shown in figure 5, the color of observation male inflorescence and pollen, inflorescence, which is considered as in green, pollen in yellow, does not endure cold；Inflorescence or
Pollen is considered as in black endures cold, and freeze injury grade is determined further according to inflorescence area of enduring cold, do not endure cold entirely for 0 grade, 1/2 endure cold for 1 grade,
It is 2 grades all to endure cold.
The walnut freeze injury index investigation statistics table is as shown in following table 1-3.
In table, I, II, III, IV, V be single plant number；1, it 2,3 is numbered for bearing basal shoot；I1、I2、I3、I4、I5Respectively
Young stem, compound leaf, female flower, male flower freezing damage index on observation unit's bearing basal shoot and mother's branch.
3 knots of 5 single plants and every plant of walnut of the single plant and bearing basal shoot number for recording investigation Walnut Cultivars
Fruit mother's branch.
Young stem, compound leaf, female flower, male flower freezing damage index are each for reflecting on observation unit's bearing basal shoot and mother's branch
The freeze injury degree of organ is calculated by following freezing damage index formula：
I=∑s (freeze injury grade sample number × typical value at different levels)/(gross sample number × superlative degree freeze injury typical value) × 100%
6) freezing damage index is calculated：It averages, obtains to each investigation index freezing damage index on every bearing basal shoot of step 5)
The freezing damage index of investigation result mother's branch；
7) single plant freeze injury grade is determined：It averages to 3 bearing basal shoot freezing damage indexes selected by step 1), obtains single plant
Freezing damage index determines that single plant freeze injury grade, the single plant freeze injury grade are further according to single plant freezing damage index：
0 grade：ISingle plant=0, show that walnut single plant is normal, freeze injury phenomenon does not occur；
1 grade：ISingle plant≤ 25%, show the slight freeze injury of walnut single plant；
2 grades：25%<ISingle plant≤ 50%, show walnut single plant moderate freeze injury；
3 grades：50%<ISingle plant≤ 75%, show walnut single plant severe freeze injury；
4 grades：ISingle plant>75%, show walnut single plant serious cold damage.
8) kind freezing damage index is calculated：After determining single plant freeze injury grade, calculated using kind freezing damage index calculation formula
Kind freezing damage index, the kind freezing damage index calculation formula are：
IKind=∑ (freeze injury grade strain number × typical value at different levels)/(always investigating strain number × superlative degree freeze injury typical value) ×
100%.
9) kind freeze injury grade is determined：After calculating kind freezing damage index, determine that kind freeze injury grade, the kind are frozen
Doing harm to grade is：
0 grade：IKind=0, show that freeze injury phenomenon does not occur for Walnut Cultivars；
1 grade：IKind≤ 25%, show the slight freeze injury of Walnut Cultivars；
2 grades：25%<IKind≤ 50%, show Walnut Cultivars moderate freeze injury；
3 grades：50%<IKind≤ 75%, show Walnut Cultivars severe freeze injury；
4 grades：IKind>75%, show Walnut Cultivars serious cold damage.
Using the above method, investigation result such as table 1-3.
The Cheng Countys table 1- Tourism Garden of Ecological walnut freeze injury index investigation statistics
Note：1. observation unit：Observation unit is 1 year raw bearing basal shoot, and 5 plants of each Varietal Investigation, every plant is pressed triangle from 3
A direction randomly chooses 31 year raw bearing basal shoots；②I1-5：Different tissues freezing damage index retains a decimal；3. fruitful branch
Freeze injury grade：No freeze injury is 0 grade, 1/3 it is freezing be 1 grade, 2/3 it is freezing be 2 grades, freezing training is 3 grades；4. young stem freeze injury grade：
No freeze injury is 0 grade, 1/3 it is freezing be 1 grade, 2/3 it is freezing be 2 grades, freezing training is 3 grades；5. compound leaf freeze injury grade：No freeze injury is 0
Grade, freezing 1/3 leaflet is 1 grade, and freezing 2/3 leaflet is 2 grades, and freezing whole leaflets are 3 grades；6. female flower freeze injury grade：Column cap is in
White, ovary are in that green Peng is big, are 0 grade；Column cap, ovary are 1 grade in lilac；Dark purple column cap, ovary are 2 grades；7. male
Flower freeze injury grade：Do not endure cold (male inflorescence in green) be 0 grade, it is 1 grade that 1/2 male inflorescence, which is endured cold, and it is 2 that male inflorescence freezes (nigrescence) entirely
Grade.
Other records：
The Cheng Countys table 2- White Horse Temple Walnut Breeding base walnut freeze injury index investigation statistics
Note：1. observation unit：Observation unit is 1 year raw bearing basal shoot, and 5 plants of each Varietal Investigation, every plant is pressed triangle from 3
A direction randomly chooses 31 year raw bearing basal shoots；②I1-5：Different tissues freezing damage index retains a decimal；3. fruitful branch
Freeze injury grade：No freeze injury is 0 grade, 1/3 it is freezing be 1 grade, 2/3 it is freezing be 2 grades, freezing training is 3 grades；4. young stem freeze injury grade：
No freeze injury is 0 grade, 1/3 it is freezing be 1 grade, 2/3 it is freezing be 2 grades, freezing training is 3 grades；5. compound leaf freeze injury grade：No freeze injury is 0
Grade, freezing 1/3 leaflet is 1 grade, and freezing 2/3 leaflet is 2 grades, and freezing whole leaflets are 3 grades；6. female flower freeze injury grade：Column cap is in
White, ovary are in that green Peng is big, are 0 grade；Column cap, ovary are 1 grade in lilac；Dark purple column cap, ovary are 2 grades；7. male
Flower freeze injury grade：Do not endure cold (male inflorescence in green) be 0 grade, it is 1 grade that 1/2 male inflorescence, which is endured cold, and it is 2 that male inflorescence freezes (nigrescence) entirely
Grade.
Other records：
The Cheng Countys table 3- main road ditch Hetaoyuan walnut freeze injury index investigation statistics
Note：1. observation unit：Observation unit is 1 year raw bearing basal shoot, and 5 plants of each Varietal Investigation, every plant is pressed triangle from 3
A direction randomly chooses 31 year raw bearing basal shoots；②I1-5：Different tissues freezing damage index retains a decimal；3. fruitful branch
Freeze injury grade：No freeze injury is 0 grade, 1/3 it is freezing be 1 grade, 2/3 it is freezing be 2 grades, freezing training is 3 grades；4. young stem freeze injury grade：
No freeze injury is 0 grade, 1/3 it is freezing be 1 grade, 2/3 it is freezing be 2 grades, freezing training is 3 grades；5. compound leaf freeze injury grade：No freeze injury is 0
Grade, freezing 1/3 leaflet is 1 grade, and freezing 2/3 leaflet is 2 grades, and freezing whole leaflets are 3 grades；6. female flower freeze injury grade：Column cap is in
White, ovary are in that green Peng is big, are 0 grade；Column cap, ovary are 1 grade in lilac；Dark purple column cap, ovary are 2 grades；7. male
Flower freeze injury grade：Do not endure cold (male inflorescence in green) be 0 grade, it is 1 grade that 1/2 male inflorescence, which is endured cold, and it is 2 that male inflorescence freezes (nigrescence) entirely
Grade.
Other records：
From upper table 1-3 investigation results it is found that using investigation method of the present invention can be accurate, comprehensive, scientifical react walnut
Spring frost situation, have it is very high perspective, to preventing Spring frost, it is ensured that walnut good harvest is of great significance, and is also political affairs
Mansion functional department works out measures, and accurate statistical data is provided for famine year the yield by estimation, and theoretical foundation is provided for walnut production cultivation.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
1) observation unit is selected：31 year raw results are randomly choosed from 3 different directions of walnut plant sustained height to be investigated
Female branch is as observation unit；
2) investigation index is determined：By all current years life leaf stretching period young sprout on selected observation unit mother branch and mother's branch, compound leaf, female
Bud and male inflorescence endure cold situation as investigation index；
3) investigation statistics：After presetting freeze injury classification standard to each investigation index, investigated using different investigative techniques, and
The sample number for counting corresponding each grade of investigation index fills in walnut freeze injury index investigation statistics table；
4) freezing damage index is calculated：It is calculated separately not using freezing damage index calculation formula according to the investigation statistics table that step 3) is filled in
It is calculated as result mother with the freezing damage index of investigation index, and by the average value of the freezing damage index of each investigation index on every bearing basal shoot
The freezing damage index of branch, the investigation index freezing damage index calculation formula are：
I=∑s (freeze injury grade sample number × typical value at different levels)/(gross sample number × superlative degree freeze injury typical value) × 100%
5) single plant freeze injury grade is determined：It averages to 3 bearing basal shoot freezing damage indexes selected by step 1), result is calculated as list
Strain freezing damage index, and determine that single plant freeze injury grade, the single plant freeze injury grade are according to single this plant of freezing damage index：
0 grade：ISingle plant=0, show that walnut single plant is normal, freeze injury phenomenon does not occur；
1 grade：ISingle plant≤ 25%, show the slight freeze injury of walnut single plant；
2 grades：25%<ISingle plant≤ 50%, show walnut single plant moderate freeze injury；
3 grades：50%<ISingle plant≤ 75%, show walnut single plant severe freeze injury；
4 grades：ISingle plant>75%, show walnut single plant serious cold damage.
2. a kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Utilizing the investigation method
Before being investigated, also carries out investigation place and investigate the determination of plant, specific requirement is：According to when hairyfruit violet herb Planting status, choosing
After taking the walnut planting site of mountainous region, hills, ditch dam and level land and other different terrains, Different Altitude to be used as investigation place, graded
Kind is investigated, and 5 plants of each Walnut Cultivars random searching of each points for investigation.
3. a kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Carrying out the determining investigation
Behind place and investigation plant, control time is also determined, the 2-10 days after specially local Spring frost generation.
4. a kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The observation unit mother branch freezes
Harmful investigation method is：From 1 year, raw bearing basal shoot top cut downwards epidermis, observed xylem color, and browning nigrescence regards
To endure cold, white, which is considered as, does not endure cold；The ratio-dependent freeze injury grade of bearing basal shoot total length is accounted for further according to stem section length of enduring cold：Entirely
Do not endure cold for 0 grade, 1/3 endure cold for 1 grade, 2/3 endure cold for 2 grades, all to endure cold be 3 grades.
5. a kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：On the observation unit mother branch
The investigation method of raw leaf stretching period young sprout freeze injury is for the year：The color of observation current year raw leaf stretching period young sprout：It is green, full be considered as not by
Freeze；Black feels like jelly to be considered as and endure cold；The ratio-dependent freeze injury grade of young stem total length is accounted for further according to young stem length degree of enduring cold：Entirely not by
Jelly be 0 grade, 1/3 endure cold for 1 grade, 2/3 endure cold for 2 grades, whole is endured cold is 3 grades.
6. a kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：On the observation unit mother branch
For investigating Walnut freeze injury grade, investigation method is current year raw compound leaf freeze injury degree：Observe the color of blade：Green,
Fresh and tender be considered as is not endured cold；Black feels like jelly or crimps to be considered as and endures cold, and the ratio of leaflet sum is accounted for further according to the small number of sheets of enduring cold on compound leaf
Determine freeze injury grade, do not endure cold entirely for 0 grade, 1/3 endure cold for 1 grade, 2/3 endure cold for 2 grades, all to endure cold be 3 grades.
7. a kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：On the observation unit mother branch
The investigation method of female flower freeze injury is：Observe the color and the big degree of ovary Peng of column cap and ovary：Column cap is white, and ovary is in green
0 grade of Peng great Wei；Column cap, ovary in lilac are 1 grade, column cap, dark purple ovary are 2 grades.
8. a kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：On the observation unit mother branch
The investigation method of male flower freeze injury is：The color of male inflorescence and pollen is observed, inflorescence, which is considered as in green, pollen in yellow, does not endure cold；
Inflorescence or pollen are considered as in black endures cold, and determines freeze injury grade further according to inflorescence area of enduring cold, does not endure cold and endure cold for 0 grade, 1/2 entirely
For 1 grade, all to endure cold be 2 grades.
9. a kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Determining single plant freeze injury grade
Afterwards, also kind freezing damage index calculation formula is utilized to calculate kind freezing damage index, the kind freezing damage index calculation formula is：
IKind=∑ (freeze injury grade strain number × typical value at different levels)/(always investigating strain number × superlative degree freeze injury typical value) × 100%.
10. a kind of walnut Spring frost investigation method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：Calculating kind freeze injury
After index, also determine that kind freeze injury grade, the kind freeze injury grade are：
0 grade：IKind=0, show that freeze injury phenomenon does not occur for Walnut Cultivars；
1 grade：IKind≤ 25%, show the slight freeze injury of Walnut Cultivars；
2 grades：25%<IKind≤ 50%, show Walnut Cultivars moderate freeze injury；
3 grades：50%<IKind≤ 75%, show Walnut Cultivars severe freeze injury；
4 grades：IKind>75%, show Walnut Cultivars serious cold damage.
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