CN108646306B - Real-time monitoring method and system for four-dimensional geometric characteristics of oil-gas fracturing fracture - Google Patents
Real-time monitoring method and system for four-dimensional geometric characteristics of oil-gas fracturing fracture Download PDFInfo
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- CN108646306B CN108646306B CN201810549877.4A CN201810549877A CN108646306B CN 108646306 B CN108646306 B CN 108646306B CN 201810549877 A CN201810549877 A CN 201810549877A CN 108646306 B CN108646306 B CN 108646306B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V3/30—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with electromagnetic waves
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/38—Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction
Abstract
According to the method and the system for monitoring the four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the oil-gas fracturing fracture in real time, the fracturing target area is excited by utilizing the pseudorandom electromagnetic waves, the correlation between relevant macroscopic physical parameters and a microstructure of a fracturing layer is analyzed through electric field space domain vector differential feedback of the electromagnetic waves with different frequencies before and after fracturing, an electromagnetic rock physical model of the fracturing layer is established, the fracture geometric characteristics such as the length, height, width and transformation volume of the fracture are clarified, and an interpretation quantity plate is established; the fracturing of oil and gas resources can be efficiently, economically and effectively monitored in real time, four-dimensional (x, y, z and t) electric field parameters of a fracturing target area are obtained, the fracturing effect of each fracturing section of a fracturing well is evaluated, fracturing operation construction is effectively guided, the fracturing monitoring cost is greatly reduced, the fracturing monitoring effect is improved, the yield of a single well is improved, and the method plays an important role in improving the yield of the single well in the development process of the oil and gas resources in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas development in the field of exploration geophysics, in particular to a method and a system for monitoring four-dimensional geometric characteristics of an oil and gas fracturing fracture in real time.
Background
In the field of petroleum, fracturing refers to a method of forming cracks in oil and gas layers by using the action of water power in the process of oil or gas production, and is also called hydraulic fracturing. Fracturing is the process of artificially cracking stratum, improving the flowing environment of oil in underground and increasing the yield of oil well, and plays an important role in improving the flowing condition of oil well bottom, slowing down the interlamination and improving the oil layer utilization condition. The hydraulic fracturing method comprises two categories of hydraulic fracturing and high-energy gas fracturing, wherein the hydraulic fracturing is that fluid is injected into a well at a high speed by a ground high-pressure pump truck group, and the rock of an oil layer is fractured to generate cracks by means of high pressure pumped up from the bottom of the well. In order to prevent the pressure from dropping and the crack from closing after the pump truck stops working, sand which is several times higher than the density of the stratum is mixed in the injected liquid after the stratum is broken, the sand and the fluid enter the crack and stay in the crack permanently, and the supporting crack is in an open state, so that the oil flow environment is improved for a long time. The current hydraulic fracturing technology is mature, and the oil well yield increasing effect is obvious, so that the hydraulic fracturing technology becomes a preferred common technology for people for a long time.
After the fracturing reformation measures are implemented on the oil and gas well, an effective monitoring method is needed to determine the fracturing operation effect and acquire a plurality of information such as the flow conductivity, the geometric shape, the complexity, the direction and the like of a fracturing induced fracture so as to improve the fracturing production increase operation effect of the shale gas reservoir and the productivity of the gas well and improve the shale gas recovery ratio. The monitoring method in the prior art comprises the following steps: underground micro-earthquake, direct near-wellbore fracture monitoring and distributed acoustic sensors. The underground micro-seismic monitoring method is characterized in that according to the principle that micro-seismic events can be induced by fluid injection, the response characteristics of a returned wave field to gas storage layer cracks are utilized to carry out wave field response analysis, and the monitoring reaction result of corresponding fracturing is obtained; micro-seismic monitoring is a matching technology in the hydraulic fracturing modification process of a shale gas reservoir, but at present, due to the limitation of the micro-seismic monitoring technology, the growth process, the geometric shape and the spatial distribution of cracks of the hydraulic fracturing modification reservoir cannot be effectively and intuitively described due to the fact that signals are attenuated continuously when seismic waves are transmitted in a stratum, the noise of a shaft environment is large, the pump pressure and the pump speed are high and the like; the principle of a direct near wellbore fracture monitoring method is as follows: the monitoring technology is that the near-wellbore range fracture parameter information is inverted through the fluid physical characteristics of the shale gas well after logging and fracturing, and the monitoring technology mainly comprises an isotope tracer method, temperature logging and the like; however, the direct near-wellbore fracture monitoring method does not have a real-time monitoring function, has a small monitoring range and can only be used as a supplementary means generally; the distributed acoustic sensing monitoring method is characterized in that the optical fiber is used as a sound sensing transmission medium to monitor the sound distribution condition along the optical fiber in real time, and further crack information is obtained; the distributed sound sensor monitoring method has good reaction on the inclination angle and the direction of the crack, but cannot effectively react on data of the width, the height and the like of the complex crack.
Therefore, after the fracturing reformation measures are implemented on the oil and gas well, an effective monitoring method is needed to determine the fracturing operation effect, obtain the flow conductivity, the geometric shape, the complexity, the direction and other information of the fracturing induced fracture, improve the fracturing production increase operation effect of the shale gas reservoir and the productivity of the gas well, and improve the shale gas recovery ratio. The depth of a fracturing layer is generally more than 1000m, the thickness is dozens of meters or even dozens of meters, the numerical simulation is usually 8%, the actual measurement is only 5%, the signal is extremely weak, and the fracture cannot be distinguished with slight interference; secondly, real-time monitoring of fracturing is realized, the field data acquisition and transmission should have timeliness, the reliability of the traditional inversion technology is not more than 60%, the transverse and longitudinal distribution cannot be regarded as the power, the resistivity change of a deep fracturing layer position cannot be extracted by a conventional inversion means, and the seam length, the seam width, the seam height and the like of a complex fracture cannot be effectively reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for monitoring four-dimensional geometric characteristics of a fracture in oil-gas fracturing in real time, which overcome the problems or at least partially solve the problems, and solves the problems that in the prior art, the inversion means has low reliability, the resistivity change of a deep fracturing layer can not be extracted, and the length, width and height of a complex fracture can not be effectively reflected.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method for monitoring four-dimensional geometrical characteristics of a hydrocarbon fracturing fracture in real time is provided, and comprises the following steps:
in the construction process of each fracturing section, electromagnetic wave excitation signals containing different frequencies are simultaneously transmitted to a fracturing target layer at a set distance in a direction parallel to or vertical to a horizontal well, and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal before fracturing and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal in the fracturing process at a plurality of monitoring points in the monitoring range of the fracturing pilot hole well are obtained;
obtaining a residual electric field or a residual magnetic field or residual resistivity of each monitoring point based on an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal before fracturing and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal in the fracturing process, and obtaining an electric field residual degree or a magnetic field residual degree or a resistivity residual degree, and a first-order space vector difference and a second-order space vector difference corresponding to the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree according to the residual electric field residual or the residual magnetic field residual resistivity;
the method comprises the steps of constructing a geophysical model of shale gas fracturing, establishing a fracturing response gauge plate, and matching the first-order space vector difference and the second-order space vector difference of the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree of each monitoring point with the gauge plate to obtain the four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the fracturing fracture.
Preferably, each fracturing segment further comprises, before construction:
the signal emission source comprises a plurality of main frequencies and harmonic waves and is arranged outside the fracturing target layer at a set distance in a direction parallel to or perpendicular to the horizontal well, and the signal emission source comprises an electromagnetic wave excitation signal excitation source and an electric dipole.
Preferably, after the electromagnetic wave excitation signals with different frequencies are transmitted to the fracturing target layer at a set distance in a direction parallel to or perpendicular to the horizontal well, the method further comprises the following steps:
and recording the current intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave excitation signals with different frequencies.
Preferably, the obtaining of the residual electric field or residual magnetic field or residual resistivity of each monitoring point based on the electric field signal or magnetic field signal before fracturing and the electric field signal or magnetic field signal during fracturing specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal of a monitoring point before fracturing and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal corresponding to an electromagnetic wave excitation signal with different frequencies in the fracturing process, normalizing the electric field signal or the magnetic field signal in the fracturing process according to the current intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave excitation signal with different frequencies, and obtaining a residual electric field or a residual magnetic field or residual resistivity of the monitoring point according to the electric field signal or the magnetic field signal of the monitoring point before fracturing.
Preferably, the obtaining of the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree according to the residual electric field or the residual magnetic field specifically includes:
and obtaining a relation of frequency-residual electric field or frequency-residual magnetic field or frequency-residual resistivity based on the residual electric field or residual magnetic field, and performing integration processing on negative anomalies in the relation of the frequency-residual electric field or frequency-residual magnetic field or frequency-residual resistivity to obtain an electric field residual degree or a magnetic field residual degree or a resistivity residual degree, and a corresponding first-order space vector difference and a corresponding second-order space vector difference.
Preferably, the first-order space vector difference and the second-order space vector difference of the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree of each monitoring point are matched with the gauge plate along with the change characteristics of the time, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating to obtain a first-order space vector difference of residual electric fields or residual magnetic fields or residual resistivities of all monitoring points at different time along with the advancing of the fracturing, and comparing the first-order space vector difference with the established gauge plate to obtain a first four-dimensional geometric characteristic of the fracturing fracture;
calculating to obtain a second-order space vector difference of residual electric fields or residual magnetic fields or residual resistivities of all monitoring points at different time along with the advancing of the fracturing, and comparing the second-order space vector difference with the established gauge plate to obtain a second four-dimensional geometric characteristic of the fracturing fracture;
and obtaining the change of the fracture geometric characteristics along with time according to the first four-dimensional geometric characteristics and the second four-dimensional geometric characteristics.
Preferably, the four-dimensional geometrical characteristics comprise fracture length, fracture height, fracture width and reconstruction volume of the fractured fracture.
A real-time monitoring system for four-dimensional geometrical characteristics of oil-gas fracturing fractures comprises:
the electromagnetic wave excitation source is used for emitting electromagnetic wave excitation signals with different frequencies to the fracturing target layer at a set distance in a direction parallel to or vertical to the horizontal well;
the electric field or magnetic field signal monitoring device is used for acquiring electric field signals or magnetic field signals before fracturing and electric field signals or magnetic field signals in the fracturing process at a plurality of monitoring points in the fracturing pilot hole monitoring range;
the signal processor is used for obtaining a residual electric field or a residual magnetic field or residual resistivity of each monitoring point based on an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal before fracturing and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal in the fracturing process, and obtaining an electric field residual degree or a magnetic field residual degree or a resistivity residual degree according to the residual electric field or the residual magnetic field or the residual resistivity, and a first-order space vector difference and a second-order space vector difference corresponding to the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree; the method comprises the steps of constructing a geophysical model of shale gas fracturing, establishing a fracturing response gauge plate, and matching the first-order space vector difference and the second-order space vector difference of the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree of each monitoring point with the gauge plate to obtain the four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the fracturing fracture.
Preferably, the electric field or magnetic field signal monitoring device comprises a plurality of electric field monitoring sensors or magnetic field monitoring sensors and a monitoring receiving host, the electric field monitoring sensors or magnetic field monitoring sensors are arranged in the monitoring range of the fracturing pilot hole, the electric field monitoring sensors or magnetic field monitoring sensors are connected with the monitoring receiving host, and the monitoring receiving host is used for continuously monitoring electric field signals or magnetic field signals of fracturing target layers of different fracturing periods of each fracturing section, which respond to electromagnetic wave excitation signals.
Preferably, the electromagnetic wave excitation source comprises an electromagnetic wave excitation signal excitation source and an electric dipole.
The invention provides a method and a system for monitoring four-dimensional geometric characteristics of oil-gas fracturing cracks in real time.A fracturing target area is excited by utilizing pseudorandom electromagnetic waves, and through electric field space domain vector differential feedback of electromagnetic waves with different frequencies before and after fracturing, the correlation between relevant macroscopic physical parameters and microstructures of a fracturing layer is analyzed, a fracturing layer electromagnetic rock physical model is established, the crack geometric characteristics of the cracks, such as the length, height, width, transformation volume and the like, are clarified, and an interpretation quantity plate is established; the fracturing of oil and gas resources can be efficiently, economically and effectively monitored in real time, four-dimensional (x, y, z and t) electric field parameters of a fracturing target area are obtained, the fracturing effect of each fracturing section of a fracturing well is evaluated, fracturing operation construction is effectively guided, the fracturing monitoring cost is greatly reduced, the fracturing monitoring effect is improved, the yield of a single well is improved, and the method plays an important role in improving the yield of the single well in the development process of the oil and gas resources in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for monitoring four-dimensional geometrical characteristics of a fracture of a gas-oil fracture in real time according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic wave excitation signal excitation source and an electric dipole coordinate system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of a fracture residual resistivity curve with an established gauge plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for real-time monitoring of four-dimensional geometric features of a fracture in an oil-gas fracture is shown, which includes:
in the construction process of each fracturing section, electromagnetic wave excitation signals containing different frequencies are simultaneously transmitted to a fracturing target layer at a set distance in a direction parallel to or vertical to a horizontal well, and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal before fracturing and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal in the fracturing process at a plurality of monitoring points in the monitoring range of the fracturing pilot hole well are obtained;
obtaining a residual electric field or a residual magnetic field or residual resistivity of each monitoring point based on an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal before fracturing and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal in the fracturing process, and obtaining an electric field residual degree or a magnetic field residual degree or a resistivity residual degree, and a first-order space vector difference and a second-order space vector difference corresponding to the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree according to the residual electric field residual or the residual magnetic field residual resistivity;
the method comprises the steps of constructing a geophysical model of shale gas fracturing, establishing a fracturing response gauge plate, and matching the first-order space vector difference and the second-order space vector difference of the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree of each monitoring point with the gauge plate to obtain the four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the fracturing fracture. Based on the obtained monitoring information analysis, fracturing construction parameters (including interval, cluster interval, pressure and the like) and horizontal well pattern density adjustment can be optimized and adjusted.
Specifically, in this embodiment, before each fracturing segment is constructed, the method further includes:
the signal emission source comprises a plurality of main frequencies and harmonic waves and is arranged outside the fracturing target layer at a set distance in a direction parallel to or perpendicular to the horizontal well, and comprises an electromagnetic wave excitation signal excitation source and electric dipoles (electrodes A and B) as shown in figure 2.
Specifically, in this embodiment, after the electromagnetic wave excitation signals with different frequencies are emitted to the fracture target layer at a set distance in a direction parallel to or perpendicular to the horizontal well, the method further includes:
and recording the current intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave excitation signals with different frequencies.
Preferably, the obtaining of the residual electric field or residual magnetic field or residual resistivity of each monitoring point based on the electric field signal or magnetic field signal before fracturing and the electric field signal or magnetic field signal during fracturing specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal of a monitoring point before fracturing and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal corresponding to an electromagnetic wave excitation signal with different frequencies in the fracturing process, normalizing the electric field signal or the magnetic field signal in the fracturing process according to the current intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave excitation signal with different frequencies, and obtaining a residual electric field or a residual magnetic field or residual resistivity of the monitoring point according to the electric field signal or the magnetic field signal of the monitoring point before fracturing.
The monitoring receiver firstly obtains potential difference data of each monitoring point in different fracturing stages to calculate an electric field, Eif＝ΔVif/(IifMN) using a magnetic bar to collect HifWhere i represents the location of the monitored point, f represents the frequency, and MN represents the distance of the monitored point.
Calculating a residual electric field or a residual magnetic field or residual resistivity by using potential difference data of each monitoring point before and in the fracturing process, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein t is0Before fracturing, t represents a certain fracturing processThe time of day.
In this embodiment, obtaining the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree according to the residual electric field or the residual magnetic field specifically includes:
and obtaining a relation of frequency-residual electric field or frequency-residual magnetic field or frequency-residual resistivity based on the residual electric field or residual magnetic field, and performing integration processing on negative anomalies in the relation of the frequency-residual electric field or frequency-residual magnetic field or frequency-residual resistivity to obtain an electric field residual degree or a magnetic field residual degree or a resistivity residual degree, and a corresponding first-order space vector difference and a corresponding second-order space vector difference.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the summary of the first-order space-domain vector difference process for calculating the residual electric field or the residual magnetic field or the residual resistivity is as follows;
first order difference of residual electric field:
first order difference of residual magnetic field:
first order difference of residual resistivities:
specifically, in this embodiment, the summary of the second-order space vector difference process for calculating the residual electric field or residual magnetic field or residual resistivity is as follows:
second order difference of residual electric field:
second order difference of residual magnetic field:
first order difference of residual resistivities:
specifically, in this embodiment, a geophysical model of shale gas fracturing is constructed from geophysical data of the fracturing zone, and a fracturing response quantity plate is established.
In this embodiment, the matching of the first-order space vector difference and the second-order space vector difference of the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree of each monitoring point with the quantity plate includes:
calculating to obtain a first-order space vector difference of residual electric fields or residual magnetic fields or residual resistivities of all monitoring points at different time along with the advancing of the fracturing, and comparing the first-order space vector difference with an established gauge plate to obtain first four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the fracturing fracture, including the length, height, width, transformation volume and the like of the fracturing fracture;
calculating to obtain second-order space vector differences of residual electric fields or residual magnetic fields or residual resistivities of monitoring points at different time along with the advancing of the fracturing, and comparing the second-order space vector differences with the established gauge plate to obtain second four-dimensional geometrical characteristics of the fracturing fracture, including the length, height, width, transformation volume and the like of the fracturing fracture;
and obtaining the change of the fracture geometric characteristics along with time according to the first four-dimensional geometric characteristics and the second four-dimensional geometric characteristics.
As shown in fig. 3, the first-order and second-order space-domain vector differences of the residual electric field, the residual magnetic field and the residual resistivity and the characteristic curves thereof are matched with the gauge plate, so that the geometric characteristics of the fractured fracture, such as the length, height, width, transformation volume and the like, are obtained. And describing the growth process of the fracturing fracture along with the fracturing process by using the change of the geometric characteristics acquired in real time along with time.
This embodiment still provides a four-dimensional geometric characteristics real-time monitoring system of oil gas fracturing fracture, includes:
the electromagnetic wave excitation source is used for emitting electromagnetic wave excitation signals with different frequencies to the fracturing target layer at a set distance in a direction parallel to or vertical to the horizontal well;
the electric field or magnetic field signal monitoring device is used for acquiring electric field signals or magnetic field signals before fracturing and electric field signals or magnetic field signals in the fracturing process at a plurality of monitoring points in the fracturing pilot hole monitoring range;
the signal processor is used for obtaining a residual electric field or a residual magnetic field or residual resistivity of each monitoring point based on an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal before fracturing and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal in the fracturing process, and obtaining an electric field residual degree or a magnetic field residual degree or a resistivity residual degree according to the residual electric field or the residual magnetic field or the residual resistivity, and a first-order space vector difference and a second-order space vector difference corresponding to the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree; the method comprises the steps of constructing a geophysical model of shale gas fracturing, establishing a fracturing response gauge plate, and matching the first-order space vector difference and the second-order space vector difference of the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree of each monitoring point with the gauge plate to obtain the four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the fracturing fracture.
In this embodiment, electric field or magnetic field signal monitoring devices include a plurality of electric field monitoring sensors or magnetic field monitoring sensors, monitoring receiver, electric field monitoring sensors or magnetic field monitoring sensors arrange in fracturing pilot hole monitoring range, just electric field monitoring sensors or magnetic field monitoring sensors connect monitoring receiver, monitoring receiver is used for monitoring electric field signal or magnetic field signal of the different fracturing time fracturing target layer of every fracturing section response to electromagnetic wave excitation signal in succession.
In the present embodiment, the electromagnetic wave excitation source includes an electromagnetic wave excitation signal excitation source and an electric dipole.
In summary, according to the method and system for monitoring the four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the oil-gas fracturing fracture in real time provided by the embodiment of the invention, a fracturing target area is excited by utilizing a pseudorandom electromagnetic wave, the correlation between relevant macroscopic physical parameters of a fracturing layer and a microstructure is analyzed through electric field space domain vector differential feedback of electromagnetic waves with different frequencies before and after fracturing, an electromagnetic rock physical model of the fracturing layer is established, the geometric characteristics of the fracture such as the length, height, width, transformation volume and the like of the fracture are clarified, and an interpretation quantity plate is established; the fracturing of oil and gas resources can be efficiently, economically and effectively monitored in real time, four-dimensional (x, y, z and t) electric field parameters of a fracturing target area are obtained, the fracturing effect of each fracturing section of a fracturing well is evaluated, fracturing operation construction is effectively guided, the fracturing monitoring cost is greatly reduced, the fracturing monitoring effect is improved, the yield of a single well is improved, and the method plays an important role in improving the yield of the single well in the development process of the oil and gas resources in China.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A real-time monitoring method for four-dimensional geometric characteristics of oil-gas fracturing fractures is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the construction process of each fracturing section, electromagnetic wave excitation signals containing different frequencies are simultaneously transmitted to a fracturing target layer at a set distance in a direction parallel to or vertical to a horizontal well, and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal before fracturing and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal in the fracturing process at a plurality of monitoring points in the monitoring range of the fracturing pilot hole well are obtained;
obtaining a residual electric field or a residual magnetic field or residual resistivity of each monitoring point based on an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal before fracturing and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal in the fracturing process, and obtaining an electric field residual degree or a magnetic field residual degree or a resistivity residual degree, and a first-order space vector difference and a second-order space vector difference corresponding to the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree according to the residual electric field residual or the residual magnetic field residual resistivity;
constructing a geophysical model of shale gas fracturing, establishing a fracturing response gauge plate, and matching the first-order space vector difference and the second-order space vector difference of the electric field residue degree or the magnetic field residue degree or the resistivity residue degree of each monitoring point with the gauge plate to obtain the four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the fracturing fracture;
obtaining the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree according to the residual electric field or the residual magnetic field specifically comprises: and obtaining a relation of frequency-residual electric field or frequency-residual magnetic field or frequency-residual resistivity based on the residual electric field or residual magnetic field, and performing integration processing on negative anomalies in the relation of the frequency-residual electric field or frequency-residual magnetic field or frequency-residual resistivity to obtain an electric field residual degree or a magnetic field residual degree or a resistivity residual degree, and a corresponding first-order space vector difference and a corresponding second-order space vector difference.
2. The method for monitoring the four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the oil-gas fracturing fracture in real time according to claim 1, wherein each fracturing section further comprises the following steps before construction:
the signal emission source comprises a plurality of main frequencies and harmonic waves and is arranged outside the fracturing target layer at a set distance in a direction parallel to or perpendicular to the horizontal well, and the signal emission source comprises an electromagnetic wave excitation signal excitation source and an electric dipole.
3. The method for monitoring the four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the oil-gas fracturing fracture in real time according to claim 1, wherein after the electromagnetic wave excitation signals with different frequencies are transmitted to the fracturing target layer at a set distance in a direction parallel to or perpendicular to the horizontal well, the method further comprises the following steps:
and recording the current intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave excitation signals with different frequencies.
4. The method for monitoring the four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the oil-gas fracturing fracture in real time according to claim 3, wherein the residual electric field or residual magnetic field or residual resistivity of each monitoring point is obtained based on the electric field signal or magnetic field signal before fracturing and the electric field signal or magnetic field signal in the fracturing process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal of a monitoring point before fracturing and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal corresponding to an electromagnetic wave excitation signal with different frequencies in the fracturing process, normalizing the electric field signal or the magnetic field signal in the fracturing process according to the current intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave excitation signal with different frequencies, and obtaining a residual electric field or a residual magnetic field or residual resistivity of the monitoring point according to the electric field signal or the magnetic field signal of the monitoring point before fracturing.
5. The method for monitoring the four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the oil-gas fracturing fracture in real time according to claim 1, wherein the first-order space vector difference and the second-order space vector difference of the electric field residue or the magnetic field residue or the resistivity residue of each monitoring point are matched with the gauge plate according to the change characteristics of the first-order space vector difference and the second-order space vector difference with time, and specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating to obtain a first-order space vector difference of residual electric fields or residual magnetic fields or residual resistivities of all monitoring points at different time along with the advancing of the fracturing, and comparing the first-order space vector difference with the established gauge plate to obtain a first four-dimensional geometric characteristic of the fracturing fracture;
calculating to obtain a second-order space vector difference of residual electric fields or residual magnetic fields or residual resistivities of all monitoring points at different time along with the advancing of the fracturing, and comparing the second-order space vector difference with the established gauge plate to obtain a second four-dimensional geometric characteristic of the fracturing fracture;
and obtaining the change of the fracture geometric characteristics along with time according to the first four-dimensional geometric characteristics and the second four-dimensional geometric characteristics.
6. The method for real-time monitoring of four-dimensional geometrical characteristics of a hydrocarbon fracturing fracture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the four-dimensional geometrical characteristics comprise fracture length, fracture height, fracture width and reconstruction volume of the fracturing fracture.
7. The utility model provides a four-dimensional geometric characteristics real-time monitoring system of oil gas fracturing fracture which characterized in that includes:
the electromagnetic wave excitation source is used for emitting electromagnetic wave excitation signals with different frequencies to the fracturing target layer at a set distance in a direction parallel to or vertical to the horizontal well;
the electric field or magnetic field signal monitoring device is used for acquiring electric field signals or magnetic field signals before fracturing and electric field signals or magnetic field signals in the fracturing process at a plurality of monitoring points in the fracturing pilot hole monitoring range;
the signal processor is used for obtaining a residual electric field or a residual magnetic field or residual resistivity of each monitoring point based on an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal before fracturing and an electric field signal or a magnetic field signal in the fracturing process, and obtaining an electric field residual degree or a magnetic field residual degree or a resistivity residual degree according to the residual electric field or the residual magnetic field or the residual resistivity, and a first-order space vector difference and a second-order space vector difference corresponding to the electric field residual degree or the magnetic field residual degree or the resistivity residual degree; constructing a geophysical model of shale gas fracturing, establishing a fracturing response gauge plate, and matching the first-order space vector difference and the second-order space vector difference of the electric field residue degree or the magnetic field residue degree or the resistivity residue degree of each monitoring point with the gauge plate to obtain the four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the fracturing fracture; the signal processor is further configured to: and obtaining a relation of frequency-residual electric field or frequency-residual magnetic field or frequency-residual resistivity based on the residual electric field or residual magnetic field, and performing integration processing on negative anomalies in the relation of the frequency-residual electric field or frequency-residual magnetic field or frequency-residual resistivity to obtain an electric field residual degree or a magnetic field residual degree or a resistivity residual degree, and a corresponding first-order space vector difference and a corresponding second-order space vector difference.
8. The system for monitoring the four-dimensional geometric characteristics of the oil-gas fracturing fracture in real time as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electric field or magnetic field signal monitoring device comprises a plurality of electric field or magnetic field monitoring sensors and a monitoring receiving host, the electric field or magnetic field monitoring sensors are arranged in the monitoring range of the fracturing pilot hole well, the electric field or magnetic field monitoring sensors are connected with the monitoring receiving host, and the monitoring receiving host is used for continuously monitoring electric field or magnetic field signals of fracturing target layers in different fracturing time of each fracturing section in response to electromagnetic wave excitation signals.
9. The system for monitoring the four-dimensional geometrical characteristics of the oil-gas fracturing fracture in real time as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electromagnetic wave excitation source comprises an electromagnetic wave excitation signal excitation source and an electric dipole.
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