CN105840185B - A kind of consistent electric field fractured horizontal well Crack Monitoring method - Google Patents
A kind of consistent electric field fractured horizontal well Crack Monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105840185B CN105840185B CN201610196964.7A CN201610196964A CN105840185B CN 105840185 B CN105840185 B CN 105840185B CN 201610196964 A CN201610196964 A CN 201610196964A CN 105840185 B CN105840185 B CN 105840185B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
- E21B47/113—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using electrical indications; using light radiations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of consistent electric field fractured horizontal well Crack Monitoring methods, include the following steps: step 1, by charging system in pressing crack construction well power supply pit shaft A and fracturing fluid be filled with positive charge, to distance power supply pit shaft A 1000m or more the negatively charged lotus of power supply pit shaft B with casing；Step 2, the point information of pit shaft potential-measuring electrode and ground survey electrode system is received by receiving system；Wherein the pit shaft potential-measuring electrode is the measuring electrode of terminal potential before the fracturing fracture introduced by signal wire and power supply pit shaft A.Present invention has the advantage that energy real time monitoring fractured horizontal well fracture development process, using well observation system it can measure potential data, interpretation level well and vertical well fracture fracture development overall process, energy accurate judgement fracture initiation point and crack initiation moment, in fracturing process, according to monitoring data, the variation of fracture orientation and length is constantly explained, show fracture development overall process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wellfracturing Crack Monitoring method and technology fields, more particularly, to a kind of consistent electric field horizontal well pressure
Split Crack Monitoring method.
Background technique
Fracture orientation monitoring is required after the producing well in oil field substantially pressure break, and deep gas well is also required to carry out now
Induced fracture monitoring, vertical well fracture Crack Monitoring mainly has potentiometry, micro seismic method and dipmeter method both at home and abroad at present.With surveying
It visits development difficulty to increase, be developed especially for the production capacity and shale gas for improving low-permeability oilfield, fractured horizontal well and volume fracturing skill
Art is quickly grown, and almost each horizontal well requires carry out pressing crack construction, meanwhile, need to be apparent from horizontal segment pressure break
Fracture intensity provides data foundation for the production of subsequent oil field.
Currently, the development of fractured horizontal well fracture monitoring technique falls behind, mainly by development abroad micro seismic method monitoring method,
And it is at high cost, field conduct is difficult, and monitoring data point compares diverging, and explanation results are undesirable, cannot distinguish between single crack and net
Shape crack.
Potentiometry and dipmeter method can be monitored straight well, but all cannot directly monitor to horizontal well, and now this
Two methods and technology are all monitored using ground configuration measuring point merely, can not underground and ground monitor simultaneously, monitoring data do not have
There is real-time, can not judge to have monitored knick point and crack initiation time, can only could be monitored when fracturing fracture develops to certain scale
To data, and the data monitored all have multi-solution.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose a kind of consistent electric field fractured horizontal well Crack Monitoring method, energy scene is in real time
Level monitoring well and vertical well fracture fracture development process, can monitor fracturing fracture crack initiation point position and crack initiation time, can be in pressure break
Each moment monitors fracturing fracture orientation, length and width.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A kind of consistent electric field fractured horizontal well Crack Monitoring method, includes the following steps:
Step 1, by charging system in pressing crack construction well power supply pit shaft A and fracturing fluid be filled with positive charge, give distance
Power supply pit shaft B negatively charged lotus with casing of the power supply pit shaft A in 1000m or more；
Step 2, the point information of pit shaft potential-measuring electrode and ground survey electrode system is received by receiving system；Its
Described in pit shaft potential-measuring electrode be by signal wire and power supply pit shaft A introduce fracturing fracture before terminal potential measurement electricity
Pole, the ground survey electrode system are laid in earth's surface；
When logging well is fractured horizontal well, the ground survey electrode system refer to by with horizontal segment pit shaft to be measured track
The test macro for several measuring points composition that floor projection is laid in parallel；
When logging well is vertical well fracture, the ground survey electrode system refers to centered on straight well wellbore centre, with
Annulus or several measuring points laid using wellbore centre as the ray of starting point.
When logging well is Deviated Well Fracturing, the ground survey electrode system, which refers to, to be thrown with pressure break shooting point position on ground
Centered on shadow, using annulus or several measuring points laid using wellbore centre as the ray of starting point；
Step 3, the measured value that can be obtained according to step 2 calculates fracture orientation, the length and width at each pressure break moment.
Further, in step 3, pressure break length LtIt is calculated by each moment potential difference, calculation formula are as follows:In formula: M is test point, UMARefer to a certain measuring point M in ground and power supply pit shaft A
Between measurement potential difference, LtFor the development length in t moment crack, h is vertical distance of the test point away from crack front；
Using the measurement potential difference between ground measuring point and power supply pit shaft A as ordinate, to be parallel to horizontal well pit shaft water
The measuring point point number of flat section floor projection is the test curve figure that abscissa makes several measuring points, and the peak value of the curve at each moment connects
Line just specifies the development direction in crack；The spike width of curve i.e. the width of chicken-wire cracking.
Further, the charging system generates the square wave direct current electricity of burning voltage, to power supply pit shaft A and power supply pit shaft B
It charges, forms stable charging electric field in power supply process.
Further, when logging well is fractured horizontal well, need to lay 2 or more surveys line, the measuring point number of laying according to
Fractured well segment length and perforation number of clusters design；Measuring point spacing is with a distance from general between 2-10m.
Further, when logging well is vertical well fracture or Deviated Well Fracturing, the angle of general two measuring points be 7.5 ° or
48 measuring points or 24 measuring points are arranged on 15 °, that is, each annulus.
Further, the measuring point spacing of the pit shaft potential-measuring electrode and ground survey electrode system is from can be
Away from being also possible to Unequal distance.
Compared with the existing technology, present invention has the advantage that
(1) present invention energy real time monitoring fractured horizontal well fracture development process using well observation system can measure
Potential data, interpretation level well and vertical well fracture fracture development overall process, energy accurate judgement fracture initiation point and crack initiation moment,
In fracturing process, according to monitoring data, constantly explains the variation of fracture orientation and length, show fracture development overall process；
(2) present invention can explain monolete, multiple cracking and region chicken-wire cracking, solve monitored over time oilfield horizontal well and
The problem of vertical well fracture fracture development process, can instruct pressure break, scene adjustment fracturing parameter, it is ensured that pressure break is obtained with live assistance
Good effect, monitoring result can also be applied in capability forecasting after oil field is pressed.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is consistent electric field test schematic of the invention；
Fig. 2 is horizontal well Hydrographic General Line figure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is straight well and inclined shaft Hydrographic General Line figure of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the horizontal well first segment measured signal curve of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the horizontal well second segment measured signal curve of one embodiment of the invention.
In figure, A, B respectively represent power supply pit shaft A and power supply pit shaft B,
1,2,3,4,5 in Fig. 2 be the serial number of horizontal well fracturing.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
The principle of the method for the present invention are as follows: when charging to conductive ground plastid, if the resistivity of conductive ground plastid is far small
When shoulder-bed resistivity (SBR) (< 200 times), it approximatively can be regarded as perfact conductor by we.When perfact conductor is located at general conduction
When in medium, after powering (or " charging ") to any point thereon, electric current just spreads entire perfact conductor, then perpendicular to leading
Body surface surface current is to surrounding medium.When electric current flows through in perfact conductor, potential drop is not generated, conductor inner potential is equal everywhere, therefore
Also known as perfact conductor is equipotential body.The charging electric field of perfact conductor and the position of charge point are unrelated, are only determined by charging current
Size, the shape of charge conductor, occurrence, size, the Electrical distribution situation of position and surrounding medium.
When we carry out fracturing work, for these solution with electrolyte of fracturing fluid are with respect to its surrounding rock, electricity
Resistance rate is very low (10000 times of <), can regard perfact conductor as.In this way, and observing charging electric field if charged to these electrolyte
Distribution, the Electrical distribution situation of entire subsurface fracture fluid Yu its surrounding rock can be inferred accordingly, to explain that pressure break is split
Seam promotes developmental state.Therefore, the present invention forms constant charge electric field using the good conductor of fracturing process, before can monitoring crack
The potential change at end and ground, to explain fracture development process.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
A kind of consistent electric field fractured horizontal well Crack Monitoring method, includes the following steps:
Step 1, by charging system in pressing crack construction well power supply pit shaft A and fracturing fluid be filled with positive charge, give distance
Power supply pit shaft B negatively charged lotus with casing of the power supply pit shaft A in 1000m or more；
The charging system generates the square wave direct current electricity of burning voltage, to power supply pit shaft A and power supply pit shaft B charging, power supply
Stable charging electric field is formed in the process, wherein charging pit shaft A is construction pit shaft, really utilizes the casing and pressure break of pit shaft
Electric field is introduced directly into fracturing fracture front end by liquid；
Step 2, the point information that pit shaft potential-measuring electrode and ground survey electrode system are received by receiving system, from
And the potential change on crack front and ground is monitored, explain fracture development process；Wherein the pit shaft potential-measuring electrode is logical
The measuring electrode of terminal potential, the ground survey electrode system are laid before crossing signal wire and the fracturing fracture that pit shaft A is introduced of powering
In earth's surface；
When logging well is fractured horizontal well, the ground survey electrode system refer to by with horizontal segment pit shaft to be measured track
The test macro for several measuring points composition that floor projection is laid in parallel, as shown in Fig. 2, needing to lay 2 according to on-the-spot test needs
The measuring point number of the above survey line of item, laying is designed according to fractured well segment length and perforation number of clusters；Measuring point spacing is from can be according to reality
Border requires and designs to lay, and general distance is between 2-10m；
When logging well is vertical well fracture, as shown in figure 3, the ground survey electrode system refers to straight well wellbore centre
Centered on, using annulus or several measuring points laid using wellbore centre as the ray of starting point.
When logging well is Deviated Well Fracturing, as shown in figure 3, the ground survey electrode system refers to pressure break perforation point
It sets centered on floor projection, using annulus or several measuring points laid using wellbore centre as the ray of starting point.
When logging well is vertical well fracture or Deviated Well Fracturing, as shown in figure 3, the angle of general two measuring points be 7.5 ° or
48 measuring points or 24 measuring points are arranged on 15 °, that is, each annulus, certainly, according to actual needs, can also be appointed on each annulus
Meaning lays measuring point, and the angle between two measuring points can also be adjusted arbitrarily.
The measuring point spacing of the measuring point of pit shaft potential-measuring electrode and ground survey electrode system described above is from can be
Away from being also possible to Unequal distance.
Step 3, fracture orientation, the length and width that each pressure break moment can be calculated according to measured value realize in real time
Monitoring, specifically,
Pressure break length LtIt is calculated by each moment potential difference, calculation formula are as follows:In formula: I is supply current, and ρ is shoulder-bed resistivity (SBR), and M is test point, UMA
Refer to a certain measuring point M in ground with power pit shaft A between measurement potential difference (due to power supply pit shaft A and crack current potential as, so
The namely potential difference of ground a certain measuring point and crack), LtFor the development length in t moment crack, h is test point away from crack front
Vertical distance, r is at a distance from measuring point and pressure break knick point (namely shooting point)；
Using the measurement potential difference between ground measuring point and power supply pit shaft A as ordinate, to be parallel to horizontal well pit shaft water
The measuring point point number of flat section floor projection is that abscissa makes the test curve figures of several measuring points, the two neighboring measuring point of the present embodiment away from
From being 5 meters, the peak value line of the curve at each moment just specifies the development direction in crack；The spike width i.e. net of curve
The width in shape crack；
Because for single crack, fracture width very little is several millimeters, general not have to calculate, netted for chicken-wire cracking
Fracture width is provided by measured curve spike width；Because for the chicken-wire cracking developed in stratum, when fracturing fluid is charged therein,
Also corresponding band charging charge enters the mesh-like area, then ground mutually should measurement current potential between multiple measuring points and pit shaft A in region
Difference all increases, and reaction is that peak of curve width increases on curve, the width of the peak of curve width namely chicken-wire cracking
(in Fig. 5 curve reaction be exactly chicken-wire cracking).
The power supply pit shaft A is to pass through the confession of the burning voltage on ground using pit shaft and fracturing fluid the two good conductors
Electric system is that square wave direct current electricity is filled in well；After fracturing fracture starts cracking, do not stop to power with burning voltage, since pressure break is split
Seam constantly extends, and charge constantly feeds crack front with fracturing fluid；Due to for good conductor, the current potential and crack front of pit shaft electrode
Potential value is equal, and therefore, monitoring data are crack front current potential and ground status, monitors with realizing well.
On-the-spot test signal has reacted entire fracturing fracture growth course in real time, and can clearly indicate single crack
And chicken-wire cracking.
The present embodiment wait log well as horizontal well, test philosophy is as shown in Figure 1, the design of its observation system and lay as schemed
Shown in 2, survey line, two, every side survey line are laid due to for horizontal well, being parallel to horizontal well well section track.
The power supply system that the present embodiment uses is patent；For CN201020157269.8, patent name be " can load puppet with
The controllable signal transmitter of machine coding "；The reception system that the present embodiment uses is Patent No. 201010147421.9, proprietary term
Referred to as receiver disclosed in " controllable signal receiver of energy loading pseudo random code "
With the system of reception, power supply system is shown in that Patent No. CN201020157269.8, patent name are that " can load puppet respectively
The controllable signal transmitter of random coded " and Patent No. 201010147421.9, patent name is " can loading pseudo random code
Controllable signal receiver "；By this-reception system dynamically receives measurement data in real time, scene tests 5 sections altogether, continuous to survey
Each measuring point electric potential signal, every two and half measurement data, monitoring curve clearly show the fracture initiation time and
Crack starter location.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is respectively the signal of the first segment measured and second segment staged fracturing, and curve is each measuring point prison in figure
The potential difference measured, each measuring point two, which divides in half, monitors a data, so every two and half draw a curve, the song
Line is exactly the induced fracture monitoring curve at moment instantly, and peak value expression develops crack in the stratum under the monitoring point, because only
There is crack occurrence, fluid just can just concentrate on the region along crack flow forward, the charging charge of response, and charge concentration is just made
Increase at the potential difference of ground corresponding measuring point.The peak value line at each moment just represents the development of the crack at any time
Journey, certainly, the peak value line also just specify the development direction in crack.
Signal reaction first segment pressure break forms two cracks, and data are shown as monolete, and second segment pressure break forms 3 pressure breaks
Crack, data are shown as netted fracturing fracture, and the width of each fracturing fracture is different, can be calculated according to measured value
Fracture orientation, the length and width at each pressure break moment, realize real-time monitoring.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of consistent electric field fractured horizontal well Crack Monitoring method, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1, by charging system in pressing crack construction well power supply pit shaft A and fracturing fluid be filled with positive charge, to distance power supply
Power supply pit shaft B negatively charged lotus with casing of the pit shaft A in 1000m or more；
Step 2, the electrical potential information of pit shaft potential-measuring electrode and ground survey electrode system is received by receiving system；Wherein institute
State the measuring electrode that pit shaft potential-measuring electrode is terminal potential before the fracturing fracture introduced by signal wire and power supply pit shaft A, institute
It states ground survey electrode system and is laid in earth's surface；
When logging well is fractured horizontal well, the ground survey electrode system refer to by with horizontal segment pit shaft to be measured track ground
Project the test macro for several measuring points composition laid in parallel；
When logging well is vertical well fracture, the ground survey electrode system refers to centered on straight well wellbore centre, with annulus
Or several using wellbore centre as starting point ray lay measuring point；
When logging well is Deviated Well Fracturing, the ground survey electrode system refers to is in floor projection with pressure break shooting point position
Center, using annulus or several measuring points laid using wellbore centre as the ray of starting point；
Step 3, the measured value that can be obtained according to step 2 obtains fracture orientation, the length and width at each pressure break moment；
In step 3, pressure break length ltIt is calculated by each moment potential difference, calculation formula are as follows:In formula: I is supply current, and ρ is shoulder-bed resistivity (SBR), and M is measuring point, UMARefer to
Measurement potential difference between a certain measuring point M in ground and power supply pit shaft A, ltFor the development length, that is, pressure break length in t moment crack, h
Vertical distance for test point away from crack front；
Using the measurement potential difference between ground measuring point and power supply pit shaft A as ordinate, to be parallel to horizontal well pit shaft horizontal segment
The measuring point point number of floor projection is the test curve figure that abscissa makes several measuring points, and the peak value line of the curve at each moment is just
Specify the development direction in crack；The spike width of curve i.e. the width of chicken-wire cracking.
2. consistent electric field fractured horizontal well Crack Monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Charging
System generates the square wave direct current electricity of burning voltage, to power supply pit shaft A and power supply pit shaft B charging, forms stable fill in power supply process
Electric field.
3. consistent electric field fractured horizontal well Crack Monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: when being wait log well
When fractured horizontal well, need to lay 2 or more surveys line, the measuring point number of laying is set according to fractured well segment length and perforation number of clusters
Meter；Measuring point spacing is with a distance from general between 2-10m.
4. consistent electric field fractured horizontal well Crack Monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: when being wait log well
When vertical well fracture or Deviated Well Fracturing, the angle of general two measuring points be 7.5 ° or 15 °, that is, each annulus on arrangement 48 survey
Point or 24 measuring points.
5. consistent electric field fractured horizontal well Crack Monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pit shaft electricity
Position measuring electrode and the measuring point spacing of ground survey electrode system are equidistant from can be, and are also possible to Unequal distance.
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| CN108646306B (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2020-01-03 | 湖南继善高科技有限公司 | Real-time monitoring method and system for four-dimensional geometric characteristics of oil-gas fracturing fracture |
| CN111948720B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2021-09-28 | 中南大学 | Underground conductor antenna effect fracturing monitoring method |
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| CN114459912B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-08-08 | 湖南继善高科技有限公司 | Method and system for determining volume of oil and gas fracturing cracks |
| CN114459911B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-06-20 | 湖南继善高科技有限公司 | Direction interpretation method for oil-gas fracturing cracks |
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