CN108646208B - Automatic de-embedding method for multi-port clamp - Google Patents
Automatic de-embedding method for multi-port clamp Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic de-embedding method for a multi-port clamp, and belongs to the field of communication. The invention enhances the passivity, causality and symmetry of the S parameter of the multi-port clamp, improves the de-embedding accuracy, further improves the testing precision of the S parameter, reduces the requirement on a multi-port calibration piece, is simple to realize and improves the testing efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of communication, and particularly relates to an automatic de-embedding method for a multi-port clamp.
Background
With the rapid development of fifth-generation mobile communication and the higher requirement of the internet and the internet of things on information transmission bandwidth, the microwave millimeter wave effect in the digital link becomes a bottleneck factor restricting high-quality data transmission more and more, and the vector network analyzer and other traditional microwave millimeter wave instruments are applied more and more widely in the design of digital circuits. First, in the testing of high-speed digital circuits, many tested devices do not have a coaxial connector (e.g., a high-speed backplane), and the tested devices can only be connected with a coaxial cable by a test fixture, and further, the testing can be performed in a coaxial environment. However, to obtain the true characteristics of the measured object, the fixture effect must be removed accurately. Although TRL, SOLT, etc. calibration, characterization and removal of the clamp effect can be performed by modeling the clamp with electromagnetic simulation software, or building multiple calibration standards on a non-coaxial substrate of the tested piece, these methods are very cumbersome and time consuming. Furthermore, the tested device of the high-speed digital circuit generally adopts a differential mode to transmit signals of multiple ports, and the traditional method has low efficiency of performing the clamp effect of the multiple ports.
An automatic fixture removal option (AFR) is a science and technology that can help engineers quickly and accurately remove fixture effects in a non-coaxial device measurement environment, and the main principle is to compensate for input and output mismatch and loss by using time domain measurement of a fixture, and work even if the input and output mismatches are different. With this option, the reference surface at the input end of the fixture must first be coaxially aligned; then one or more standard components are measured and used as two-port through channels of the clamp.
The prior multi-port clamp de-embedding technology mainly comprises two types, one type is to manufacture a plurality of standard calibration pieces and carry out complicated SOLT, TRL and other calibrations, the operation is complicated, the steps are easy to make mistakes, in addition, how to represent the calibration pieces is also the difficulty of the method, and if the processing is careless, the calibration error is large; furthermore, the cost of manufacturing multiple calibration pieces is high.
Another type of method is the automatic jig removal method of the german technology company, which is simple to operate and requires only twice as many straight-through alignment members to remove the effects of the jig. However, due to the influence of test errors, the original fixture test data has the problems of passivity, causality and symmetry, and the test errors are introduced when the data with the problems are subjected to de-embedding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides an automatic de-embedding method for a multi-port clamp, which is reasonable in design, overcomes the defects of the prior art and has a good effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an automatic de-embedding method for a multi-port clamp comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a symmetrical clamp and a twice straight line calibration piece, wherein the distance between transmission lines on the symmetrical clamp is more than 3 times of the line width;
step 2: connecting the tested piece and the multi-port vector network analyzer together through a test cable, completing the calibration of the multi-port vector network analyzer by adopting an electronic calibration piece, and extending the test end face of the whole multi-port vector network analyzer to the position of a coaxial connector of the test cable;
and step 3: connecting the symmetrical clamp to the coaxial port of the test cable, accessing the tested piece at the other port of the symmetrical clamp, and obtaining the original S parameter matrix S of the symmetrical clamp and the tested piece through the calibrated multi-port vector network analyzerRaw;
And 4, step 4: performing passivity, causality and symmetry detection on the original S parameter matrix obtained in the step 3, performing passivity detection according to a formula (1), performing causality detection according to a formula (2), and performing symmetry detection according to a formula (3); if the obtained S parameter does not satisfy any one of passivity, causality and symmetry, the characteristic is compensated, and a corrected S parameter matrix S is obtained after detection and compensation are completedupdate;
eigvalue(S*·S)≤1 (1);
Si,j(t)=0,t≤tij(2);
S=ST(3);
Wherein eigvalue (-) represents the matrix eigenvalue, Si,j(t) represents the time domain response of the ith row and jth column element of the S parameter matrix;
and 5: connecting the double straight-through line calibration element to a cable of a multi-port vector network analyzer, and measuring an original S parameter matrix of the double straight-through line calibration elementThen, carrying out passivity detection according to a formula (1), carrying out causality detection according to a formula (2), and carrying out symmetry detection according to a formula (3); if the obtained S parameter does not satisfy any one of passivity, causality and symmetry, the characteristic is compensated, and after the detection and compensation are completed, a corrected S parameter matrix is obtained
Step 6: obtaining a corrected S parameter matrix of the double straight-through line calibration piece by adopting a vector matching methodTransfer function matrix ofObtaining the state space form according to the linear system theory, and discretizing the formula (4) to obtain the discrete state space as shown in the formula (4)An intermediate form, as shown in equation (5);
wherein, A, B, C and D are coefficient matrixes of state space, and G and H are coefficient matrixes in a discrete state space form;
and 7: the time domain response matrix of the double straight line calibration piece can be obtained by equation (5) as shown in equation (6), and then the time domain response matrix in equation (6) is utilizedMeasuring the time domain response of the double straight-through line calibration piece so as to determine the total time delay of the double straight-through line calibration piece, then measuring the time domain response of the double straight-through line calibration piece, wherein the left half of the double straight-through line calibration piece is defined as a left side calibration piece, the right half of the double straight-through line calibration piece is defined as a right side calibration piece, and the gating response of the left side calibration piece is obtained by a time domain gate methodObtaining left-hand calibration pieces by time-to-frequency conversionA parameter; then measuring the time domain response of the double straight-through line calibration piece in the opposite direction, and obtaining the gating response of the right side calibration piece by a time domain gating methodObtaining right-hand calibration pieces by time-to-frequency conversionA parameter;
let the four parameters of the left calibration piece beThe four parameters of the right calibration piece are 2 known quantities for a double straight through line calibration pieceAndand the S parameter matrix corrected in step 5Four elements in the middle, i.e.Assuming that the left and right calibration pieces are symmetrical, respectively, i.e.From the foregoing, only 4 unknown quantities remain:4 unknown quantities can be solved by a Meisen formula and S parameters of four straight-through calibration pieces;
and 8: from step 7, four parameters of the left calibration piece are obtainedAnd four parameters of the right calibration pieceWhile doubling the length of the transmission line on the straight line alignment memberThe width and the used plate are completely consistent with the clamp, so that the response of the single-side calibrating piece represents the response of the single-side clamp, and an S parameter matrix S of the clamp is formed according to the number of the transmission lines on the clamp, four parameters of the left-side calibrating piece and four parameters of the right-side calibrating pieceFixAAnd SFixBAnd converting the two S parameter matrixes into a form T of a T parameter matrixFixAAnd TFixB;
And step 9: the S parameter matrix S corrected in the step 4updateConversion to T parameter matrix TupdateObtaining a T parameter matrix T of the tested piece through matrix inverse operation according to a formula (7)DUTAnd converting it into S parameter matrix SDUTCompleting de-embedding;
Tupdate=TFixA·TDUT·TFixB(7);
wherein, TFixATime domain response of the left hand clamp, TFixBTime domain response of the right clamp.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining S parameters of a symmetrical double-straight-through line calibration piece through a port vector network analyzer, processing the S parameters by using a vector fitting algorithm to obtain a transfer function of the S parameters, converting the transfer function into a state space form and obtaining an impact response of a clamp, obtaining a time domain response of a single-side clamp by using a time domain door clamp method, converting the time domain response into a frequency domain by using a Fourier transform, and finally applying the S parameters of the clamp to original S parameters by using a de-embedding algorithm to obtain the real characteristics of the clamp;
obtaining an algorithm of S parameters of the single-side clamp; fitting S parameters of the symmetrical clamp by using a vector fitting algorithm, converting the S parameters into a state space form, and obtaining the S parameters of the unilateral clamp by adopting a time domain door clamping method;
the invention reduces the requirement on the multi-port calibration piece, is simple to realize and improves the testing efficiency;
according to the invention, the S parameter of the multi-port clamp is subjected to passivity, causality and symmetry enhancement, so that the de-embedding accuracy is improved, and the testing precision of the S parameter is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a symmetrical fixture and a calibration piece.
FIG. 2 is a test connection diagram.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
a multi-port fixture automatic de-embedding method is disclosed, the flow of which is shown in FIG. 3, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a symmetrical clamp and a twice straight line calibration piece, wherein the distance between transmission lines on the symmetrical clamp is more than 3 times of the line width as shown in figure 1;
step 2: connecting the tested piece and the multi-port vector network analyzer together through a test cable, completing the calibration of the multi-port vector network analyzer by adopting an electronic calibration piece, and extending the test end face of the whole multi-port vector network analyzer to the position of a coaxial connector of the test cable;
and step 3: connecting the symmetrical clamp shown in FIG. 1 to the coaxial port of the test cable, and accessing the tested piece at the other port of the symmetrical clamp, as shown in FIG. 2, obtaining the original S parameter matrix S of the symmetrical clamp and the tested piece through the calibrated multi-port vector network analyzerRaw;
And 4, step 4: performing passivity, causality and symmetry detection on the original S parameter matrix obtained in the step 3, performing passivity detection according to a formula (1), performing causality detection according to a formula (2), and performing symmetry detection according to a formula (3); if the obtained S parameter does not satisfy any one of passivity, causality and symmetry, the characteristic is compensated, and a corrected S parameter matrix S is obtained after detection and compensation are completedupdate;
eigvalue(S*·S)≤1 (1);
Si,j(t)=0,t≤tij(2);
S=ST(3);
Wherein eigvalue (-) represents a matrix bitEigenvalues, Si,j(t) represents the time domain response of the ith row and jth column element of the S parameter matrix;
and 5: connecting the double straight-through line calibration element to a cable of a multi-port vector network analyzer, and measuring an original S parameter matrix of the double straight-through line calibration elementThen, carrying out passivity detection according to a formula (1), carrying out causality detection according to a formula (2), and carrying out symmetry detection according to a formula (3); if the obtained S parameter does not satisfy any one of passivity, causality and symmetry, the characteristic is compensated, and after the detection and compensation are completed, a corrected S parameter matrix is obtained
Step 6: obtaining a corrected S parameter matrix of the double straight-through line calibration piece by adopting a vector matching methodTransfer function matrix ofObtaining a state space form of the linear system according to a linear system theory, as shown in a formula (4), discretizing the formula (4) to obtain a discrete state space form, as shown in a formula (5);
wherein, A, B, C and D are coefficient matrixes of state space, and G and H are coefficient matrixes in a discrete state space form;
and 7: the time domain response matrix of the double straight line calibration piece can be obtained by equation (5) as shown in equation (6), and then the time domain response matrix in equation (6) is utilizedMeasuring the time domain response of the double straight-through line calibration piece so as to determine the total time delay of the double straight-through line calibration piece, then measuring the time domain response of the double straight-through line calibration piece, wherein the left half of the double straight-through line calibration piece is defined as a left side calibration piece, the right half of the double straight-through line calibration piece is defined as a right side calibration piece, and the gating response of the left side calibration piece is obtained by a time domain gate methodObtaining left-hand calibration pieces by time-to-frequency conversionA parameter; then measuring the time domain response of the double straight-through line calibration piece in the opposite direction, and obtaining the gating response of the right side calibration piece by a time domain gating methodObtaining right-hand calibration pieces by time-to-frequency conversionA parameter;
let the four parameters of the left calibration piece beThe four parameters of the right calibration piece are 2 known quantities for a double straight through line calibration pieceAndand modified in step 5S parameter matrixFour elements in the middle, i.e.Assuming that the left and right calibration pieces are symmetrical, respectively, i.e.From the foregoing, only 4 unknown quantities remain:4 unknown quantities can be solved by a Meisen formula and S parameters of four straight-through calibration pieces;
and 8: from step 7, four parameters of the left calibration piece are obtainedAnd four parameters of the right calibration pieceMeanwhile, the length and the width of the transmission line on the double straight line calibration piece and the used plate are completely consistent with those of the clamp, so that the response of the single-side calibration piece represents the response of the single-side clamp, and an S parameter matrix S of the clamp is formed according to the number of the transmission lines on the clamp, four parameters of the left calibration piece and four parameters of the right calibration pieceFixAAnd SFixBAnd converting the two S parameter matrixes into a form T of a T parameter matrixFixAAnd TFixB;
And step 9: the S parameter matrix S corrected in the step 4updateConversion to T parameter matrix TupdateObtaining a T parameter matrix T of the tested piece through matrix inverse operation according to a formula (7)DUTAnd converting it into S parameter matrix SDUTCompleting de-embedding;
Tupdate=TFixA·TDUT·TFixB(7);
wherein, TFixATime domain response of the left hand clamp, TFixBTime domain response of the right clamp.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An automatic de-embedding method for a multi-port clamp is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a symmetrical clamp and a twice straight line calibration piece, wherein the distance between transmission lines on the symmetrical clamp is more than 3 times of the line width;
step 2: connecting the tested piece and the multi-port vector network analyzer together through a test cable, completing the calibration of the multi-port vector network analyzer by adopting an electronic calibration piece, and extending the test end face of the whole multi-port vector network analyzer to the position of a coaxial connector of the test cable;
and step 3: connecting the symmetrical clamp to the coaxial port of the test cable, accessing the tested piece at the other port of the symmetrical clamp, and obtaining the original S parameter matrix S of the symmetrical clamp and the tested piece through the calibrated multi-port vector network analyzerRaw;
And 4, step 4: performing passivity, causality and symmetry detection on the original S parameter matrix obtained in the step 3, performing passivity detection according to a formula (1), performing causality detection according to a formula (2), and performing symmetry detection according to a formula (3); if the obtained S parameter does not satisfy any one of passivity, causality and symmetry, the characteristic is compensated, and a corrected S parameter matrix S is obtained after detection and compensation are completedupdate;
eigvalue(S*·S)≤1 (1);
Si,j(t)=0,t≤tij(2);
S=ST(3);
Wherein eigvalue (-) represents the matrix eigenvalue, Si,j(t) represents the time domain response of the ith row and jth column element of the S parameter matrix;
and 5: connecting the double straight-through line calibration element to a cable of a multi-port vector network analyzer, and measuring an original S parameter matrix of the double straight-through line calibration elementThen, carrying out passivity detection according to a formula (1), carrying out causality detection according to a formula (2), and carrying out symmetry detection according to a formula (3); if the obtained S parameter does not satisfy any one of passivity, causality and symmetry, the characteristic is compensated, and after the detection and compensation are completed, a corrected S parameter matrix is obtained
Step 6: obtaining a corrected S parameter matrix of the double straight-through line calibration piece by adopting a vector matching methodTransfer function matrix ofObtaining a state space form of the linear system according to a linear system theory, as shown in a formula (4), discretizing the formula (4) to obtain a discrete state space form, as shown in a formula (5);
wherein, A, B, C and D are coefficient matrixes of state space, and G and H are coefficient matrixes in a discrete state space form;
and 7: by the formula(5) It is possible to obtain a time domain response matrix of a double straight line calibration piece, as shown in equation (6), and then use the time domain response matrix in equation (6)Measuring the time domain response of the double straight-through line calibration piece so as to determine the total time delay of the double straight-through line calibration piece, then measuring the time domain response of the double straight-through line calibration piece, wherein the left half of the double straight-through line calibration piece is defined as a left side calibration piece, the right half of the double straight-through line calibration piece is defined as a right side calibration piece, and the gating response of the left side calibration piece is obtained by a time domain gate methodObtaining left-hand calibration pieces by time-to-frequency conversionA parameter; then measuring the time domain response of the double straight-through line calibration piece in the opposite direction, and obtaining the gating response of the right side calibration piece by a time domain gating methodObtaining right-hand calibration pieces by time-to-frequency conversionA parameter;
let the four parameters of the left calibration piece beThe four parameters of the right calibration piece are 2 known quantities for a double straight through line calibration pieceAndand the S parameter matrix corrected in step 5Four elements in the middle, i.e.Assuming that the left and right calibration pieces are symmetrical, respectively, i.e.From the foregoing, only 4 unknown quantities remain:4 unknown quantities can be solved by a Meisen formula and S parameters of four straight-through calibration pieces;
and 8: from step 7, four parameters of the left calibration piece are obtainedAnd four parameters of the right calibration pieceMeanwhile, the length and the width of the transmission line on the double straight line calibration piece and the used plate are completely consistent with those of the clamp, so that the response of the single-side calibration piece represents the response of the single-side clamp, and an S parameter matrix S of the clamp is formed according to the number of the transmission lines on the clamp, four parameters of the left calibration piece and four parameters of the right calibration pieceFixAAnd SFixBAnd converting the two S parameter matrixes into a form T of a T parameter matrixFixAAnd TFixB;
And step 9: the S parameter matrix S corrected in the step 4updateConversion to T parameter matrix TupdateObtaining a T parameter matrix T of the tested piece through matrix inverse operation according to a formula (7)DUTAnd converting it into S parameter matrix SDUTCompleting de-embedding;
Tupdate=TFixA·TDUT·TFixB(7);
wherein, TFixATime domain response of the left hand clamp, TFixBTime domain response of the right clamp.
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CN110361685B (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-07-30 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Broadband oscilloscope probe transmission characteristic calibration method and system |
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