CN108646144A - A kind of offline distance measuring method of high voltage single-core cable short trouble, apparatus and system - Google Patents
A kind of offline distance measuring method of high voltage single-core cable short trouble, apparatus and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距方法、装置及系统，其方法包括在发生短路故障的电缆的线芯与接地的金属护层之间加上直流电压信号，并分别采集电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号；根据电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号分别对应确定电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流；根据电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流计算故障点位置。本发明的高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距方法，通过对故障相电缆加电压的方法，测量电缆金属护层中的泄漏电流，并通过对泄漏电流的分析进行故障点测距，无需将将电压升高到故障点再次被击穿，在保证安全性的前提下，提高了测距精度，并适用于金属性故障、高阻故障和闪络性故障的故障点的精确定位，对测试电缆的绝缘电阻无要求。
The invention relates to an off-line ranging method, device and system for a short-circuit fault of a high-voltage single-core cable. The current signal at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable; the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable is determined according to the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable; the location of the fault point is calculated according to the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable. The off-line ranging method for short-circuit faults of high-voltage single-core cables of the present invention measures the leakage current in the metal sheath of the cable by applying voltage to the faulty phase cable, and performs fault point distance measurement through the analysis of the leakage current without the need to When the voltage rises to the fault point, it is broken down again. On the premise of ensuring safety, the ranging accuracy is improved, and it is suitable for the precise positioning of the fault point of metallic faults, high-resistance faults and flashover faults. The insulation resistance is not required.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电缆故障测量技术领域，尤其涉及一种高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距方法、装置及系统。The invention relates to the technical field of cable fault measurement, in particular to an off-line ranging method, device and system for a short-circuit fault of a high-voltage single-core cable.
背景技术Background technique
当前的离线故障测距方法依据测量原理主要分为3种：1)电桥法。它是将本测电缆终端的故障相和非故障相短接，通过测试故障电缆从测量端到故障点的线路电阻,然后依据电阻率计算出故障距离的故障测距方法或者是测试出电缆故障段与全长段的电压降的比值,再和全长相乘计算出故障距离的一种方法。一般用于测试故障点绝缘电阻在儿十千欧以内的电缆故障的距离，测量误差较大。2)低压脉冲法。主要原理是在电缆一端通过仪器向被测电缆中输入低压脉冲信号，该脉冲沿电缆传播到波阻抗不匹配的故障点包括故障点、电缆终端和中间接头时，该脉冲信号将会产生反射，并返回到测量端由仪器记录下来。通过记录反射信号和发射信号的时间差，就可以测出故障距离。该法具有操作简单、测试精度高等优点，但不能测试高阻故障和闪络性故障。3)高压脉冲法。该法是通过高压信号发生器向被测故障电缆中施加直流高压信号或冲击高压信号，将其故障点瞬间击穿，产生一个电压行波信号，该信号在被测电缆的测量端和故障点之间往返传播，在直流高压发生器的高压端,通过线性分压藕合器接收并换算出该电压行波信号往返一次的时间和脉冲信号的传播速度相乘而计算出故障距离的方法。这种方法的缺点是测试时测距仪器与高压部分有直接的电气连接部分，安全性较差，且对测试设备的技术参数要求较高。The current off-line fault location methods are mainly divided into three types according to the measurement principle: 1) The bridge method. It short-circuits the faulty phase and non-faulty phase of the test cable terminal, tests the line resistance of the faulty cable from the measurement end to the fault point, and then calculates the fault distance based on the resistivity or tests out the cable fault. A method to calculate the fault distance by multiplying the voltage drop ratio of the section to the full length section by the full length. It is generally used to test the distance of cable faults where the insulation resistance of the fault point is within tens of kilohms, and the measurement error is relatively large. 2) Low pressure pulse method. The main principle is to input a low-voltage pulse signal into the cable under test through the instrument at one end of the cable. When the pulse propagates along the cable to the fault point with mismatched wave impedance, including the fault point, cable terminal and intermediate joint, the pulse signal will be reflected. And return to the measurement end to be recorded by the instrument. By recording the time difference between the reflected signal and the transmitted signal, the fault distance can be measured. This method has the advantages of simple operation and high test accuracy, but it cannot test high-resistance faults and flashover faults. 3) High voltage pulse method. In this method, a high-voltage signal generator is used to apply a DC high-voltage signal or an impact high-voltage signal to the faulty cable under test, and instantly break down the fault point to generate a voltage traveling wave signal. At the high-voltage end of the DC high-voltage generator, the linear voltage-dividing coupler receives and converts the voltage traveling wave signal to and fro once and multiplies the propagation speed of the pulse signal to calculate the fault distance. The disadvantage of this method is that there is a direct electrical connection between the distance measuring instrument and the high-voltage part during the test, which has poor safety and requires high technical parameters for the test equipment.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术的不足，提供一种高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距方法、装置及系统。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an off-line ranging method, device and system for a short-circuit fault of a high-voltage single-core cable in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：一种高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距方法，包括如下步骤：The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: an off-line ranging method for a short-circuit fault of a high-voltage single-core cable, comprising the following steps:
步骤1：在发生短路故障的电缆的线芯与接地的金属护层之间加上直流电压信号，并分别采集电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号；Step 1: Add a DC voltage signal between the core of the cable where the short-circuit fault occurs and the grounded metal sheath, and collect the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable;
步骤2：根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号分别对应确定电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流；Step 2: Determine the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable according to the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable;
步骤3：根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流计算故障点位置。Step 3: Calculate the location of the fault point according to the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距方法，通过对故障相电缆加电压的方法，测量电缆金属护层中的泄漏电流，并通过对泄漏电流的分析进行故障点测距，无需将将电压升高到故障点再次被击穿，在保证安全性的前提下，提高了测距精度，并适用于金属性故障、高阻故障和闪络性故障的故障点的精确定位，对测试电缆的绝缘电阻无要求。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the off-line distance measuring method for high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault of the present invention measures the leakage current in the metal sheath of the cable by applying voltage to the faulty phase cable, and detects the fault by analyzing the leakage current Point distance measurement, no need to increase the voltage to the fault point and be broken down again. On the premise of ensuring safety, the distance measurement accuracy is improved, and it is suitable for fault points of metallic faults, high-resistance faults and flashover faults The precise positioning of the test cable does not require the insulation resistance.
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还可以做如下改进：On the basis of above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention can also be improved as follows:
进一步：所述步骤1中，通过在电缆的金属护层的两端与地之间分别预先设置的电流互感器检测所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号。Further: in the step 1, current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable are detected by current transformers respectively preset between both ends of the metal sheath of the cable and the ground.
上述进一步方案的有益效果是：通过所述电流互感器可以准确的检测到流过电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号，便于后续根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号确定泄露电流，进而确定故障点的位置。The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is: the current signal flowing through the two ends of the metal sheath of the cable can be accurately detected through the current transformer, which is convenient for subsequent determination of the leakage current according to the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable, and then Determine the location of the point of failure.
进一步：所述步骤2具体包括如下步骤：Further: said step 2 specifically includes the following steps:
步骤21：对所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号进行快速傅里叶变换，得到电缆的金属护层两端的原始信号；Step 21: performing fast Fourier transform on the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable to obtain the original signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable;
步骤22：提取所述原始信号直流分量的幅值，得到所述电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流IL和IR。Step 22: Extract the amplitude of the DC component of the original signal to obtain the leakage currents I L and I R at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable.
上述进一步方案的有益效果是：通过对所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号进行快速傅里叶变换和直流分量幅值提取处理，可以去除现在采集到的噪声等干扰信号，使得检测结果更加精确。The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is: by performing fast Fourier transform and DC component amplitude extraction processing on the current signal at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable, the noise and other interference signals collected now can be removed, making the detection result more accurate. accurate.
进一步：所述步骤3中，所述根据所述电缆的金属护层两端泄露电流计算故障点位置的计算公式为：Further: in the step 3, the calculation formula for calculating the location of the fault point according to the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable is:
其中，L为电缆长度，RS0为电缆的单位长度金属护层等效电阻，为常数，Rg1和Rg2分别为电缆的金属护层两端接地电阻，IL和IR分别为电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流，xf为故障点与电缆施加电压位置处之间的距离。Among them, L is the length of the cable, R S0 is the equivalent resistance of the metal sheath per unit length of the cable, which is a constant, R g1 and R g2 are the grounding resistance at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable, I L and I R are respectively The leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath, x f is the distance between the fault point and the location where the voltage is applied to the cable.
上述进一步方案的有益效果是：通过上述公式可以根据前述步骤获取的电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流以及相关已知参数，准确的计算出故障点与电缆施加电压位置处之间的距离，从而便于准确的确定故障定的精确位置。The beneficial effect of the above-mentioned further scheme is: through the above-mentioned formula, the distance between the fault point and the position where the voltage is applied to the cable can be accurately calculated according to the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable obtained in the previous steps and related known parameters, so that It is convenient to accurately determine the precise location of the fault.
本发明还提供了一种高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距装置，包括直流电源、两个电流互感器和处理器；The present invention also provides an off-line ranging device for a short-circuit fault of a high-voltage single-core cable, which includes a DC power supply, two current transformers and a processor;
所述电源，用于在发生短路故障的电缆的线芯与接地的金属护层之间加上直流电压信号；The power supply is used to apply a DC voltage signal between the core of the cable in which the short-circuit fault occurs and the grounded metal sheath;
所述两个电流互感器分别预先对应设置在电缆两端金属护层的两端与地之间，并用于采集电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号；The two current transformers are pre-correspondingly arranged between the two ends of the metal sheath at both ends of the cable and the ground, and are used to collect current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable;
处理器，用于根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号分别对应确定电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流，并根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流计算故障点位置。The processor is configured to respectively determine the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable according to the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable, and calculate the location of the fault point according to the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距装置，通过电源对故障相电缆加电压的方法，电流互感器测量电缆金属护层中的泄漏电流，并通过处理器对泄漏电流的分析进行故障点测距，无需将将电压升高到故障点再次被击穿，在保证安全性的前提下，提高了测距精度，并适用于金属性故障、高阻故障和闪络性故障的故障点的精确定位，对测试电缆的绝缘电阻无要求。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault offline distance measuring device of the present invention, the method of applying voltage to the faulty phase cable through the power supply, the current transformer measures the leakage current in the metal sheath of the cable, and through the processor. Leakage current analysis is used to measure the distance of the fault point, without raising the voltage to the fault point and being broken down again. On the premise of ensuring safety, the distance measurement accuracy is improved, and it is suitable for metallic faults, high-resistance faults and flashovers. Accurate positioning of the fault point of the network fault, no requirement for the insulation resistance of the test cable.
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还可以做如下改进：On the basis of above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention can also be improved as follows:
进一步：所述的高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距装置还包括变压器和整流电流，所述电源为交流电源，所述电源的两端分别与所述变压器初级线圈的两端对应电连接，所述变压器的次级线圈的两端分别与所述整流电路的的两个输入端对应电连接，所述整流电路的一个输出端与发生短路故障的电缆一端电连接，另一个输出端接地。Further: the high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault offline distance measuring device also includes a transformer and a rectified current, the power supply is an AC power supply, and the two ends of the power supply are respectively electrically connected to the two ends of the primary coil of the transformer. The two ends of the secondary coil of the transformer are respectively electrically connected to the two input ends of the rectification circuit, one output end of the rectification circuit is electrically connected to one end of the short-circuited cable, and the other output end is grounded.
上述进一步方案的有益效果是：通过采用交流电源配备变压器，可以调节加载在电缆线芯与金属护层之间的电压大小，便于针对不同的电缆匹配选择合适的变压器匹配合适的电压，通过整流电路将交流电压信号转换为直流电压信号，这样可以避免由于加载在电缆线芯与金属护层之间的的交流信号产生电磁感应，影响泄露电流的检测准确性。The beneficial effect of the above further solution is: by using the AC power supply equipped with a transformer, the voltage loaded between the cable core and the metal sheath can be adjusted, so that it is convenient to select a suitable transformer for matching different cables to match the suitable voltage, and through the rectification circuit The AC voltage signal is converted into a DC voltage signal, which can avoid the electromagnetic induction caused by the AC signal loaded between the cable core and the metal sheath, which affects the detection accuracy of the leakage current.
进一步：所述变压器为可调变压器。Further: the transformer is an adjustable transformer.
上述进一步方案的有益效果是：通过设置可调变压器，可以针对同一电缆加载不同大小的直流电压信号，进行多次测量，提高测量精度，同时还可以使得整个装置适用不同电缆的故障检测，增强其通用性。The beneficial effect of the above-mentioned further scheme is: by setting the adjustable transformer, DC voltage signals of different sizes can be loaded on the same cable, and multiple measurements can be performed to improve the measurement accuracy. Versatility.
进一步：所述处理器根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号分别对应确定电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流的具体实现为：Further: the specific implementation of the processor correspondingly determining the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable according to the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable is:
对所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号进行快速傅里叶变换，得到电缆的金属护层两端的原始信号；Carry out fast Fourier transform to the current signal at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable to obtain the original signal at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable;
提取所述原始信号直流分量的幅值，得到所述电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流IL和IR。The amplitude of the DC component of the original signal is extracted to obtain the leakage currents I L and I R at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable.
上述进一步方案的有益效果是：通过对所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号进行快速傅里叶变换和直流分量幅值提取处理，可以去除现在采集到的噪声等干扰信号，使得检测结果更加精确。The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is: by performing fast Fourier transform and DC component amplitude extraction processing on the current signal at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable, the noise and other interference signals collected now can be removed, making the detection result more accurate. accurate.
进一步：所述处理器根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流计算故障点位置的具体计算公式为：Further: the specific calculation formula for the processor to calculate the location of the fault point according to the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable is:
其中，L为电缆长度，RS0为电缆的单位长度金属护层等效电阻，为常数，Rg1和Rg2分别为电缆的金属护层两端接地电阻，IL和IR分别为电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流，xf为故障点与电缆施加电压位置处之间的距离。Among them, L is the length of the cable, R S0 is the equivalent resistance of the metal sheath per unit length of the cable, which is a constant, R g1 and R g2 are the grounding resistance at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable, I L and I R are respectively The leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath, x f is the distance between the fault point and the location where the voltage is applied to the cable.
上述进一步方案的有益效果是：通过上述公式可以根据前述步骤获取的电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流以及相关已知参数，准确的计算出故障点与电缆施加电压位置处之间的距离，从而便于准确的确定故障定的精确位置。The beneficial effect of the above-mentioned further scheme is: through the above-mentioned formula, the distance between the fault point and the position where the voltage is applied to the cable can be accurately calculated according to the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable obtained in the previous steps and related known parameters, so that It is convenient to accurately determine the precise location of the fault.
本发明还提供了一种高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距系统，其特征在于：包括无线通讯电路、监控终端和至少一个所述的高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距装置，所述处理器与所述无线通讯电路电连接，所述无线通讯电路与所述监控终端无线连接。The present invention also provides a high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault offline ranging system, which is characterized in that it includes a wireless communication circuit, a monitoring terminal and at least one of the high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault offline ranging device, the processor It is electrically connected with the wireless communication circuit, and the wireless communication circuit is wirelessly connected with the monitoring terminal.
本发明的高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距系统，通过高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距装置测量故障点位置信息，并经由无线通讯电路发送至监控终端，便于实现远程监控，简单方便，高效快捷。The high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault offline ranging system of the present invention measures the location information of the fault point through the high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault offline distance measuring device, and sends it to the monitoring terminal through a wireless communication circuit, which is convenient for remote monitoring, simple, convenient and efficient fast.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距方法流程示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic flow chart of high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault off-line ranging method of the present invention;
图2为单端接地式高压单芯电缆监测点示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a single-ended grounding high-voltage single-core cable monitoring point;
图3为本发明的高压单芯电缆泄露电流检测的电路连接示意图；Fig. 3 is the circuit connection schematic diagram of high-voltage single-core cable leakage current detection of the present invention;
图4为图3的等效电路示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of FIG. 3 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，一种高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距方法，包括如下步骤：：As shown in Figure 1, an off-line ranging method for a short-circuit fault of a high-voltage single-core cable includes the following steps:
步骤1：在发生短路故障的电缆的线芯与接地的金属护层之间加上直流电压信号，并分别采集电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号；Step 1: Add a DC voltage signal between the core of the cable where the short-circuit fault occurs and the grounded metal sheath, and collect the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable;
步骤2：根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号分别对应确定电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流；Step 2: Determine the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable according to the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable;
步骤3：根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流计算故障点位置。Step 3: Calculate the location of the fault point according to the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable.
本发明的高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距方法，通过对故障相电缆加电压的方法，测量电缆金属护层中的泄漏电流，并通过对泄漏电流的分析进行故障点测距，无需将将电压升高到故障点再次被击穿，在保证安全性的前提下，提高了测距精度，并适用于金属性故障、高阻故障和闪络性故障的故障点的精确定位，对测试电缆的绝缘电阻无要求。The off-line ranging method for short-circuit faults of high-voltage single-core cables of the present invention measures the leakage current in the metal sheath of the cable by applying voltage to the faulty phase cable, and performs fault point distance measurement through the analysis of the leakage current without the need to When the voltage rises to the fault point, it is broken down again. On the premise of ensuring safety, the ranging accuracy is improved, and it is suitable for the precise positioning of the fault point of metallic faults, high-resistance faults and flashover faults. The insulation resistance is not required.
高压电缆线路金属护层的接地方式主要包括单端接地、双端接地和交叉互联接地三种，其中双端接地和交叉互联方式的线路两端金属护层都直接接地，单端接地方式下另一端金属护层经保护器接地。在本发明的技术方案应用于单端接地方式时，需将保护器短接使另一端直接接地。图2示出了典型的单端接地方式，其中高压电缆线芯直接相连，金属护层两端直接接地。The grounding methods of the metal sheath of the high-voltage cable line mainly include three types: single-ended grounding, double-ended grounding and cross-interconnection grounding. One end of the metal sheath is grounded through the protector. When the technical solution of the present invention is applied to a single-end grounding mode, the protector needs to be short-circuited so that the other end is directly grounded. Figure 2 shows a typical single-ended grounding method, in which the high-voltage cable cores are directly connected, and both ends of the metal sheath are directly grounded.
在如图2所示的电缆线路中，当线路任意位置出现击穿故障后，在故障点会形成碳化通道，不论高压电缆外护套是否被击穿，短路击穿通道都会贯穿主绝缘连接电缆线芯与金属护层。而碳化通道的电阻远远小于击穿前的主绝缘电阻，故障后在一段电缆的线芯和金属护层之间加电压(未击穿)，故障点的泄漏电流将远远大于其他位置的泄漏电流。因此，可通过故障后在线芯和金属护层两端加电压泄漏电流的增大判断故障点位置。本发明正是基于此。In the cable line shown in Figure 2, when a breakdown fault occurs at any position of the line, a carbonization channel will be formed at the fault point. No matter whether the outer sheath of the high-voltage cable is broken down, the short-circuit breakdown channel will pass through the main insulation connecting cable Wire core and metal sheath. However, the resistance of the carbonization channel is much smaller than the main insulation resistance before the breakdown. After a fault, a voltage is applied between the core and the metal sheath of a cable (without breakdown), and the leakage current at the fault point will be much greater than that at other locations. leakage current. Therefore, the location of the fault point can be judged by the increase of the voltage leakage current at both ends of the wire core and the metal sheath after the fault. It is on this basis that the present invention is based.
在本发明的实施例中，所述步骤1中，针对两端金属护层直接接地的高压电缆线路结构(若线路是单端接地方式，则需要在非直接接地端短接护层保护器，使两端金属护层直接接地)，在线路两端金属护层与地之间安装电流互感器，如图2所示，两端检测到的泄漏电流分别用IL和IR表示。通过在电缆的金属护层的两端与地之间分别预先设置的电流互感器(图中圆圈表示电流互感器)检测所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号。通过所述电流互感器可以准确的检测到流过电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号，便于后续根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号确定泄露电流，进而确定故障点的位置。In the embodiment of the present invention, in the step 1, for the high-voltage cable line structure whose metal sheaths at both ends are directly grounded (if the line is a single-ended grounding method, the sheath protector needs to be short-circuited at the non-directly grounded end, The metal sheaths at both ends are directly grounded), and a current transformer is installed between the metal sheaths at both ends of the line and the ground, as shown in Figure 2, and the leakage currents detected at both ends are represented by I L and I R respectively. Current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable are detected by current transformers (the circles in the figure represent current transformers) respectively preset between the two ends of the metal sheath of the cable and the ground. The current transformer can accurately detect the current signal flowing through the two ends of the metal sheath of the cable, so as to facilitate subsequent determination of the leakage current based on the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable, and then determine the location of the fault point.
在本发明的实施例中，所述步骤2具体包括如下步骤：In an embodiment of the present invention, the step 2 specifically includes the following steps:
步骤21：对所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号进行快速傅里叶变换(FFT)，得到电缆的金属护层两端的原始信号，具体变换公式如下：Step 21: Perform Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the current signal at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable to obtain the original signal at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable. The specific transformation formula is as follows:
其中，为旋转因子；x(n)为一个长度为N的有限长序列，即电流互感器采集到的原始信号；X(k)为频域N点的有限长序列。in, is the twiddle factor; x(n) is a finite length sequence of length N, that is, the original signal collected by the current transformer; X(k) is a finite length sequence of N points in the frequency domain.
步骤22：提取所述原始信号直流分量的幅值，得到所述电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流IL和IR。Step 22: Extract the amplitude of the DC component of the original signal to obtain the leakage currents I L and I R at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable.
对原始信号进行FFT变换分解后，可提取其直流分量(一般为n＝0处)的幅值，分别对应记为IL和IR。通过对所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号进行快速傅里叶变换和直流分量幅值提取处理，可以去除现在采集到的噪声等干扰信号，使得检测结果更加精确。After decomposing the original signal by FFT transformation, the amplitude of its DC component (generally at n=0) can be extracted, which are correspondingly denoted as I L and I R . By performing fast Fourier transform and DC component amplitude extraction processing on the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable, the currently collected interference signals such as noise can be removed, making the detection result more accurate.
在电缆发生短路故障后，解开电缆线路一端终端接头，使用电源，变压器和整流电路在电缆线芯和金属护层之间加直流电压，如图3所示，利用电流互感器可在电缆线路两端金属护层接地点检测泄漏电流，其等效电路如图4所示。其中，UDC为等效直流电压源，Rf为电缆短路击穿通道等效电阻，Rg1为电缆一端等效接地电阻，Rg2为电缆另一端等效接地电阻，R1为故障点至金属护层一端的等效电阻，R2为故障点至金属护层了另一端的等效电阻，US为故障点金属护层电压。两端检测到的泄漏电流IL和IR为式(3)和(4)所示。After a short-circuit fault occurs in the cable, untie the terminal connector at one end of the cable line, and apply a DC voltage between the cable core and the metal sheath using a power supply, transformer and rectifier circuit. As shown in Figure 3, the current transformer can be used in the cable line. The leakage current is detected at the grounding points of the metal sheaths at both ends, and its equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 4. Among them, U DC is the equivalent DC voltage source, R f is the equivalent resistance of the cable short-circuit breakdown channel, R g1 is the equivalent grounding resistance of one end of the cable, R g2 is the equivalent grounding resistance of the other end of the cable, R 1 is the fault point to The equivalent resistance at one end of the metal sheath, R2 is the equivalent resistance from the fault point to the other end of the metal sheath, U S is the voltage of the metal sheath at the fault point. Leakage currents I L and I R detected at both ends are shown in formulas (3) and (4).
设单位长度金属护层等效电阻为RS0，电缆线路全长为L，故障点位置为xf，则泄漏电流直接的比例关系如式(5)所示：Assuming that the equivalent resistance of the metal sheath per unit length is R S0 , the total length of the cable line is L, and the location of the fault point is x f , then the direct proportional relationship of the leakage current is shown in formula (5):
对于一条已知的电缆线路，电缆线路长度L、单位长度金属护层等效电阻RS0为常数，电缆的金属护层两端接地电阻Rg1和Rg2可以通过测试得到。因此，在检测到电缆的金属护层两端泄漏电流IL和IR后，通过式(5)IL和IR的比值可以计算出故障点与电缆施加电压位置处之间的距离位置xf，如式(6)所示，即可确定故障点位置。For a known cable line, the length L of the cable line and the equivalent resistance R S0 of the metal sheath per unit length are constant, and the grounding resistances R g1 and R g2 at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable can be obtained through testing. Therefore, after detecting the leakage currents I L and I R at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable, the distance between the fault point and the position of the voltage applied to the cable can be calculated by the ratio of the formula (5) I L and I R f , as shown in formula (6), the location of the fault point can be determined.
通过上述公式可以根据前述步骤获取的电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流以及相关已知参数，准确的计算出故障点与电缆施加电压位置处之间的距离，从而便于准确的确定故障定的精确位置。Through the above formula, the distance between the fault point and the position where the voltage is applied to the cable can be accurately calculated according to the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable obtained in the previous steps and related known parameters, so as to facilitate accurate determination of the fault location. Location.
本发明的高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距方法，根据高压单芯电缆结构和故障通道特性，通过对故障相电缆加电压的方法，测量电缆金属护层中的泄漏电流，并通过对泄漏电流的分析进行故障点测距。本发明所涉及的加电压的幅值不是“低压脉冲法”中的行波信号电压幅值，也无需将将电压升高到故障点再次被击穿，本方法在保证安全性的前提下，提高了测距精度，并适用于高阻故障和闪络性故障。The off-line ranging method for short-circuit faults of high-voltage single-core cables according to the present invention measures the leakage current in the metal sheath of the cable by applying voltage to the faulty phase cable according to the structure of the high-voltage single-core cable and the characteristics of the fault channel. Analysis of fault location. The amplitude of the applied voltage involved in the present invention is not the voltage amplitude of the traveling wave signal in the "low-voltage pulse method", and there is no need to raise the voltage to the fault point to be broken down again. This method, under the premise of ensuring safety, The ranging accuracy is improved, and it is suitable for high-resistance faults and flashover faults.
本发明还提供了一种高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距装置，包括直流电源、两个电流互感器和处理器；The present invention also provides an off-line ranging device for a short-circuit fault of a high-voltage single-core cable, which includes a DC power supply, two current transformers and a processor;
所述电源，用于在发生短路故障的电缆的线芯与接地的金属护层之间加上直流电压信号；The power supply is used to apply a DC voltage signal between the core of the cable in which the short-circuit fault occurs and the grounded metal sheath;
所述两个电流互感器分别预先对应设置在电缆两端金属护层的两端与地之间，并用于采集电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号；The two current transformers are pre-correspondingly arranged between the two ends of the metal sheath at both ends of the cable and the ground, and are used to collect current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable;
处理器，用于根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号分别对应确定电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流，并根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流计算故障点位置。The processor is configured to respectively determine the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable according to the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable, and calculate the location of the fault point according to the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable.
本发明的高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距装置，通过电源对故障相电缆加电压的方法，电流互感器测量电缆金属护层中的泄漏电流，并通过处理器对泄漏电流的分析进行故障点测距，无需将将电压升高到故障点再次被击穿，在保证安全性的前提下，提高了测距精度，并适用于金属性故障、高阻故障和闪络性故障的故障点的精确定位，对测试电缆的绝缘电阻无要求。The high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault offline distance measuring device of the present invention uses a method of applying voltage to the faulty phase cable through a power supply, a current transformer measures the leakage current in the metal sheath of the cable, and analyzes the leakage current through a processor to determine the fault point Distance measurement does not need to increase the voltage to the fault point to be broken down again. On the premise of ensuring safety, the distance measurement accuracy is improved, and it is suitable for fault points of metallic faults, high-resistance faults and flashover faults Precise positioning, no requirement for the insulation resistance of the test cable.
如图3所示，优选地，在上述实施例的基础上，所述的高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距装置还包括变压器和整流电流，所述电源为交流电源，所述电源的两端分别与所述变压器初级线圈的两端对应电连接，所述变压器的次级线圈的两端分别与所述整流电路的的两个输入端对应电连接，所述整流电路的一个输出端与发生短路故障的电缆一端电连接，另一个输出端接地。如图3所示，通过电源(可以采用发电机或者交流源)、变压器和整流电流对电缆一端端线芯和金属护层之间加直流电压，电流互感器实时采集到电流信号，并由处理器确定电缆线路两端的泄露电流。As shown in Figure 3, preferably, on the basis of the above embodiments, the high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault offline distance measuring device also includes a transformer and a rectified current, the power supply is an AC power supply, and the two ends of the power supply The two ends of the primary coil of the transformer are respectively electrically connected to the two ends of the secondary coil of the transformer, and the two ends of the secondary coil of the transformer are respectively electrically connected to the two input ends of the rectification circuit. One end of the short-circuit faulty cable is electrically connected, and the other output end is grounded. As shown in Figure 3, through the power supply (generator or AC source can be used), transformer and rectified current, a DC voltage is applied between the wire core and the metal sheath at one end of the cable, and the current transformer collects the current signal in real time, and is processed by the processor. Determine the leakage current at both ends of the cable run.
通过采用交流电源配备变压器，可以调节加载在电缆线芯与金属护层之间的电压大小，便于针对不同的电缆匹配选择合适的变压器匹配合适的电压，通过整流电路将交流电压信号转换为直流电压信号，这样可以避免由于加载在电缆线芯与金属护层之间的的交流信号产生电磁感应，影响泄露电流的检测准确性。By using an AC power supply equipped with a transformer, the voltage loaded between the cable core and the metal sheath can be adjusted to facilitate the selection of a suitable transformer for different cable matching to match the appropriate voltage, and the AC voltage signal is converted into a DC voltage through a rectifier circuit Signal, which can avoid the electromagnetic induction caused by the AC signal loaded between the cable core and the metal sheath, which will affect the detection accuracy of the leakage current.
更优选地，在上述实施例的基础上，所述变压器为可调变压器。通过设置可调变压器，可以针对同一电缆加载不同大小的直流电压信号，进行多次测量，提高测量精度，同时还可以使得整个装置适用不同电缆的故障检测，增强其通用性。More preferably, on the basis of the above embodiments, the transformer is an adjustable transformer. By setting an adjustable transformer, DC voltage signals of different sizes can be loaded on the same cable, and multiple measurements can be performed to improve measurement accuracy. At the same time, the whole device can be applied to fault detection of different cables, and its versatility can be enhanced.
在本发明的实施例中，所述处理器根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号分别对应确定电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流的具体实现为：In an embodiment of the present invention, the implementation of the processor correspondingly determining the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable according to the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable is as follows:
对所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号进行快速傅里叶变换，得到电缆的金属护层两端的原始信号，具体变换公式如下：Fast Fourier transform is carried out to the current signal at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable to obtain the original signal at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable. The specific transformation formula is as follows:
其中，为旋转因子；x(n)为一个长度为N的有限长序列，即电流互感器采集到的原始信号；X(k)为频域N点的有限长序列。in, is the twiddle factor; x(n) is a finite length sequence of length N, that is, the original signal collected by the current transformer; X(k) is a finite length sequence of N points in the frequency domain.
提取所述原始信号直流分量的幅值，得到所述电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流IL和IR。The amplitude of the DC component of the original signal is extracted to obtain the leakage currents I L and I R at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable.
对原始信号进行FFT变换分解后，可提取其直流分量(一般为n＝0处)的幅值，分别对应记为IL和IR。通过对所述电缆的金属护层两端的电流信号进行快速傅里叶变换和直流分量幅值提取处理，可以去除现在采集到的噪声等干扰信号，使得检测结果更加精确。After decomposing the original signal by FFT transformation, the amplitude of its DC component (generally at n=0) can be extracted, which are correspondingly denoted as I L and I R . By performing fast Fourier transform and DC component amplitude extraction processing on the current signals at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable, the currently collected interference signals such as noise can be removed, making the detection result more accurate.
在本发明的实施例中，所述处理器根据所述电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流计算故障点位置的具体计算公式为：In an embodiment of the present invention, the specific calculation formula for the processor to calculate the location of the fault point according to the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable is:
其中，L为电缆长度，RS0为电缆的单位长度金属护层等效电阻，为常数，Rg1和Rg2分别为电缆的金属护层两端接地电阻，IL和IR分别为电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流，xf为故障点与电缆施加电压位置处之间的距离，具体推导过程前文已经详细介绍，这里不再赘述。Among them, L is the length of the cable, R S0 is the equivalent resistance of the metal sheath per unit length of the cable, which is a constant, R g1 and R g2 are the grounding resistance at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable, I L and I R are respectively The leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath, x f is the distance between the fault point and the location where the voltage is applied to the cable. The specific derivation process has been introduced in detail above and will not be repeated here.
通过上述公式可以根据前述步骤获取的电缆的金属护层两端的泄露电流以及相关已知参数，准确的计算出故障点与电缆施加电压位置处之间的距离，从而便于准确的确定故障定的精确位置。Through the above formula, the distance between the fault point and the position where the voltage is applied to the cable can be accurately calculated according to the leakage current at both ends of the metal sheath of the cable obtained in the previous steps and related known parameters, so as to facilitate accurate determination of the fault location. Location.
本发明还提供了一种高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距系统，其特征在于：包括无线通讯电路、监控终端和至少一个所述的高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距装置，所述处理器与所述无线通讯电路电连接，所述无线通讯电路与所述监控终端无线连接。The present invention also provides a high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault offline ranging system, which is characterized in that it includes a wireless communication circuit, a monitoring terminal and at least one of the high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault offline ranging device, the processor It is electrically connected with the wireless communication circuit, and the wireless communication circuit is wirelessly connected with the monitoring terminal.
本发明的高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距系统，通过高压单芯电缆短路故障离线测距装置测量故障点位置信息，并经由无线通讯电路发送至监控终端，便于实现远程监控，简单方便，高效快捷。The high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault offline ranging system of the present invention measures the location information of the fault point through the high-voltage single-core cable short-circuit fault offline distance measuring device, and sends it to the monitoring terminal through a wireless communication circuit, which is convenient for remote monitoring, simple, convenient and efficient fast.
本发明中，所述监控终端可以采用PC机、智能手机、平板电脑或PDA等具有交互功能的终端设备。所述无线通讯电路可以采用GPRS通讯模块、蓝牙模块或wifi模块等。In the present invention, the monitoring terminal can be a terminal device with an interactive function such as a PC, a smart phone, a tablet computer or a PDA. The wireless communication circuit may use a GPRS communication module, a bluetooth module or a wifi module and the like.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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