CN108637174A - A kind of investment casting method and system - Google Patents
A kind of investment casting method and system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108637174A CN108637174A CN201810490483.6A CN201810490483A CN108637174A CN 108637174 A CN108637174 A CN 108637174A CN 201810490483 A CN201810490483 A CN 201810490483A CN 108637174 A CN108637174 A CN 108637174A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- casting
- obtains
- fusible pattern
- module
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/043—Removing the consumable pattern
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of investment casting method and system, this method includes manufacture fusible pattern：It is injected in die mould with molding material, and by mould material, condensation obtains fusible pattern；Manufacture shell；Cast；Clear up casting mold：Casting mold is shelled, ball blast and ingate is gone to handle, obtains casting；Heat treating castings：Heat treatment includes annealing and normalized treatment.The method that investment casting method disclosed in the present application uses full-automatic assembly line, ensure that the accuracy of casting, saves manpower, avoid manually-operated defect, and obtained casting is highly polished, and mechanical structure is strong, and quality is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to casting technology field, more particularly to a kind of investment casting method and system.
Background technology
Model casting is also known as lost-wax casting, including presses wax, repair wax, group tree, be stained with slurry, dewaxing, casting metals liquid and post-processing
Etc. processes.Model casting typically refers to that apperance is made in fusible material, if type is made in apperance surface cladding dried layer refractory material
Shell, then by apperance melt discharge shell, to obtain the casting mold without die joint, after high-temperature roasting can back-up sand cast casting
Make scheme.Lost-wax casting be with it is waxed make the part cast wax-pattern, be then coated with mud on wax-pattern, here it is mud moulds.
But in the prior art, due in foundry engieering various steps mostly by manual control carry out, that is, take manpower
And the casting produced is not fine, there is many defects, for example cast(ing) surface is coarse, casting fission deformation, cost is high and pollutes
Deng.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of investment casting method and systems, solve manually-operated each
Item defect.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of investment casting method, includes the following steps：
Step 1) manufactures fusible pattern：It is injected in die mould with molding material, and by mould material, condensation obtains fusible pattern；
Step 2) manufactures shell：Specifically include following steps：
Step 201) is soaked on fusible pattern surface hangs one layer of interior shell coating being made of silica flour and waterglass, spreads quartz sand
After reinforcing, hardened with curing agent；
Step 202) repeats step 201) 1-2 times；
Step 203) the interior shell surface leaching after step 202) hang one layer be made of high-alumina fly and waterglass it is outer
Shell coating is hardened, outer shell coating includes high-alumina fly and waterglass after spreading the reinforcing of high alumina sand with curing agent；
Step 204) repeats step 203) 2-5 times；
Step 205) is molten to lose fusible pattern：The shell that step 204) obtains is placed in 90 DEG C -100 DEG C of hot water, obtains type
Shell；
Step 3) is poured into a mould：Specifically include following steps：
The shell that step 2) obtains is placed in fuel gas tunnel kiln kiln roasting and handled 1-3 hours by step 301)；
Step 302) will inject aluminium alloy in the shell after calcination process in step 301), solidification cooling obtains casting mold；
Step 4) clears up casting mold：The casting mold that step 3) obtains is shelled, ball blast and ingate is gone to handle, is cast
Part；
Step 5) heat treating castings：The casting that step 4) obtains is heat-treated, heat treatment include annealing with just
Fire processing.
Preferably, mould material includes the low molecular polyethylene of the paraffin and 5% weight ratio of 95% weight ratio.
Further, manufacture fusible pattern specifically includes following steps：
Mould material, which is added, to melt in holding furnace for step 101) melts；
The mould material addition melted in step 101) is stirred in wax machine and stirs into paste by step 102)；
Step 103) injects the mould material of paste in step 102) wax injector in die mould, and condensation obtains fusible pattern.
Preferably, the temperature for the shell that step 2) obtains being placed in fuel gas tunnel kiln kiln roasting is 840 DEG C -860 DEG C.
Preferably, curing agent is magnesium chloride.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the silica flour and waterglass is 1：1.1, the weight ratio of the high-alumina fly and waterglass
It is 1:1.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of model casting system is additionally provided, which includes that fusible pattern manufacture is single
Member, shell manufacturing cell, cast unit, casting mold cleaning unit and heat treating castings unit,
Fusible pattern manufacturing cell is used to inject mould material in die mould, and condensation obtains fusible pattern；
Shell manufacturing cell is used to obtain shell by shell assembly line processed；
Cast unit, which is used to aluminium alloy injecting solidification cooling in shell, obtains casting mold；
Casting mold cleaning unit obtains casting for being shelled to casting mold, ball blast and ingate being gone to handle；
Heat treating castings unit is for being heat-treated casting.
Further, shell assembly line processed specifically includes：Interior shell manufacture module, outer shell manufacture module and molten mistake fusible pattern
Module,
Interior shell manufacture module is used to hang one layer in the leaching of fusible pattern surface and be applied by the interior shell that silica flour and waterglass form
Material is hardened after spreading quartz sand reinforcing with curing agent, and is repeated 1-2 times, and interior shell is obtained；
Outer shell manufacture module is used to hang one layer in the leaching of interior shell surface and be applied by the outer shell that high-alumina fly and waterglass form
Material is hardened after spreading the reinforcing of high alumina sand with curing agent, and is repeated 2-5 times, and shell is obtained；
Shell for being placed in 90 DEG C -100 DEG C of hot water by molten fusible pattern module of losing, after so that fusible pattern is melted and is demoulded
Shell.
Further, cast unit includes roasting module and cast module,
Roasting module is used to shell being placed in fuel gas tunnel kiln kiln roasting and handle 1-3 hours；
It pours into a mould in the shell after module is used to inject aluminium alloy calcination process, solidification cooling obtains casting mold.
The accuracy of casting ensure that due to the method using full-automatic assembly line using above-mentioned technical proposal, save
Manpower, avoids manually-operated defect.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described further with reference to embodiment.It should be noted that right
It is used to help understand the present invention in the explanation of these embodiments, but does not constitute limitation of the invention.In addition, following institute
Involved technical characteristic as long as they do not conflict with each other can be mutual group in each embodiment of the present invention of description
It closes.
<Embodiment 1>
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of investment casting methods, include the following steps：
Step 1) manufactures fusible pattern：It is injected in die mould with molding material, and by mould material, condensation obtains fusible pattern.
Specifically, including the following steps：Mould material, which is added, to melt in holding furnace for step 101) melts；Step 102) will melt
The mould material addition of change, which is stirred in wax machine, stirs into paste；Step 103) injects the mould material of paste wax injector in die mould, condenses
To fusible pattern.
In an embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned mould material includes the low molecular weight polycaprolactone of the paraffin and 5% weight ratio of 95% weight ratio
Ethylene.
In the prior art, mould material is generally paraffin and stearic garden sorrel material or rosin, ceresine and polystyrene group
At high temperature mould material.But above-mentioned mould material shrinks that big, thermal stability is poor, finish is poor, easy fracture.
In an embodiment of the present invention, mould material is made of paraffin and low molecular polyethylene.Low molecular polyethylene is a kind of high
The lubricant of efficiency, flow ability modifying agent, releasing agent and color divergence agent are suitable for various different plastic processings and production color masterbatch
In terms of material.It uses it in the mould material in the embodiment of the present invention, toughness can be enhanced, improve melt index, it is easily molded.
It is performed such with molding material：
The fusing of melting and heat preservation stove is added in above-mentioned mould material first；The mould material of fusing machinery is poured into after the fusing of mould material to stir
It is stirred evenly in wax machine；The mould material stirred evenly with 56-60 mesh screens, removal impurity obtain final mould material.
In an embodiment of the present invention, mould material is injected in die mould is injected in die mould with pneumatic wax injector, above-mentioned pressure
The finish of type is preferably ▽ 7- ▽ 9.
The technique that above-mentioned pressure wax uses for：Pressure injection temperature：Pressure Casting：Dwell time：
Step 2) manufactures shell：In an embodiment of the present invention, manufacture shell mainly passes through double two shell automatic streamlines processed
Line is completed, and is specifically included the following steps：
On fusible pattern surface, shell coating in one layer is hung in leaching to step 201), after spreading quartz sand reinforcing, is hardened with curing agent.
In an embodiment of the present invention, interior shell coating includes silica flour and waterglass, the weight of silica flour and waterglass
More different than the difference according to viscosity requirement, in an embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of silica flour and waterglass is 1：1.1.
Middle silica flour requires 270 mesh or more, and the proportion of waterglass is 1.36, and U.S. degree is 40, and quartz sand requires 40-70 mesh.
In the prior art, curing agent generally uses ammonium chloride, but ammonium chloride will produce pungent smell, and pollutes environment,
So doing curing agent using environment-friendly materials magnesium chloride in an embodiment of the present invention.
Step 202) repeats step 201) n times and obtains interior shell, and the wherein value range of N is [1,2], preferred N=1.
Step 203), which soaks interior shell surface, hangs one layer of outer shell coating, after spreading the reinforcing of high alumina sand, is hardened with curing agent.
In an embodiment of the present invention, outer shell coating includes high-alumina fly and waterglass, and the weight ratio of high-alumina fly and waterglass is according to viscous
Spend desired difference and different, in an embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of high-alumina fly and waterglass is 1:1.Middle high-alumina fly is wanted
110 mesh or more are sought, the proportion of waterglass is 1.36, and U.S. degree is 40, and high alumina sand requires 10-20 mesh.
In the prior art, coating is generally the high material of refractoriness, mainly silica flour and waterglass, the present invention's
In embodiment, after shell coating silica flour and waterglass, changes the outer shell for applying high-alumina fly and waterglass composition in two layers applying and apply
Material, high-alumina fly have low cost, more reliable advantage after roasting compared with silica flour.
Step 204) repeats step 203) and obtains shell, wherein M >=2, the value 2 of preferred M M times.
Step 205) dewaxes：The shell that step 204) obtains is placed in 90 DEG C -100 DEG C of hot water and carries out molten mistake fusible pattern
Processing, the mould material removed in shell obtain shell.
Step 3) is poured into a mould：Specifically include following steps：
The shell that step 2) obtains is placed in fuel gas tunnel kiln kiln roasting and handled 1-3 hours by step 301), with removal type
Moisture in shell improves the intensity of shell.The temperature of roasting is 840 DEG C -860 DEG C.
Aluminium alloy is passed through light rail cast equipment injection step 301 by step 302)) in shell after calcination process, coagulate
Gu cooling obtains casting mold.
Step 4) clears up casting mold：The casting mold that step 3) obtains is shelled, ball blast and ingate is gone to handle, is cast
Part.
Specifically, make casting mold fall off from shell with vibrations hulling machine first, then with shot-blasting machine by casting ball blast, with
The residues such as remaining quartz sand on casting are removed, finally remove the ingate of casting with abrasive machine.
Step 5) heat treating castings：The casting that step 4) obtains is heat-treated.
Due to the process of original aluminium alloy castable after first melting of casting, internal mechanical performance is unstable
It is fixed, so improving to the mechanical performance of alloy by heat treatment, ensure the stabilization of the structure organization of casting.
In an embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned heat treatment includes annealing and normalized treatment.
Wherein, annealing using cabinet-type electric furnace by casting be heated to a little higher than ferrite be dissolved in austenite termination it is steady
Fixed, in an embodiment of the present invention, which selects 820 DEG C or so, and is kept for 1.5-2 hours, then Slow cooling.
Above-mentioned annealing mainly eliminates casting internal stress, improves its structural homogenity, reduces the hardness of steel-casting,
Increase the toughness of steel-casting.
Due to being likely present internal stress after the complicated annealed processing of casting, so further being disappeared by normalized treatment
Except internal stress.Casting is heated to the slightly higher stabilization of annealing temperature by normalized treatment using wind with electric furnace, in the embodiment of the present invention
Middle normalizing temperature selects 850 DEG C, and soaking time is 0.5-1 hours, is placed in air and cools down rapidly.
On the other hand, if casting hardness is excessively high after normalizing, temper can be carried out, temperature is 650 DEG C -680
DEG C, soaking time is 1.5-2 hours, and coming out of the stove, it is cooling to be placed in air.
<Embodiment 2>
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of model casting system, which includes fusible pattern manufacturing cell, shell manufacture list
Member, cast unit, casting mold cleaning unit and heat treating castings.
Wherein fusible pattern manufacturing cell is used to inject mould material in die mould, and condensation obtains fusible pattern.Specifically include mould material fusing mould
Block, mould material stirring module and pressure wax-pattern block, wherein mould material fusing module include melting holding furnace, and mould material stirring module includes stirring
Wax machine, pressure wax-pattern block includes pneumatic wax injector.Above-mentioned modules are sequentially connected by assembly line.
Shell manufacturing cell is used to obtain shell by shell assembly line processed.Specifically include interior shell manufacture module, outer shell
Manufacture module and dewaxing module.Wherein interior shell manufacture module is used for the leaching on fusible pattern surface and hangs shell coating in one layer, spreads quartz
It after sand is reinforced, is hardened, and repeated 1-2 times with curing agent, obtain interior shell；Outer shell manufacture module is used on interior shell surface
One layer of outer shell coating is hung in leaching, after spreading the reinforcing of high alumina sand, is hardened with curing agent, and repeat 2-5 times, is obtained shell；Dewax module
Fusible pattern processing is lost for shell to be placed in 90 DEG C -100 DEG C of hot water to melt, fusible pattern is made to melt the shell after being demoulded.It is above-mentioned
Modules are sequentially connected by assembly line.
Cast unit, which is used to aluminium alloy injecting solidification cooling in shell, obtains casting mold.It specifically includes roasting module and pours
Injection molding block.Wherein roasting module is used for through fuel gas tunnel kiln stove by shell calcination process 1-3 hours at 840 DEG C -860 DEG C,
It pours into a mould in the shell after module is used to inject aluminium alloy by light rail casting device calcination process, solidification cooling obtains casting mold,
Above-mentioned modules are sequentially connected by assembly line.
Casting mold cleaning unit obtains casting for being shelled to casting mold, ball blast and ingate being gone to handle.Including shelling
Module, ball blast module and ingate module is gone, wherein casting mold from shell is fallen off by shelling module by shaking hulling machine
Come, ball blast module carries out Shot Blasting by shot-blasting machine to casting mold, goes in ingate module removes casting mold by abrasive machine
Cast gate processing, above-mentioned modules are sequentially connected by assembly line.
Heat treating castings unit is for being heat-treated casting.Including annealing module and normalizing module, wherein mould of annealing
Casting is heated to the termination stabilization that a little higher than ferrite is dissolved in austenite by block using cabinet-type electric furnace, in the embodiment of the present invention
In, which selects 820 DEG C or so, and is kept for 1.5-2 hours, then Slow cooling.
Casting is heated to the slightly higher stabilization of annealing temperature by normalizing module using wind with electric furnace, in the embodiment of the present invention
Middle normalizing temperature selects 850 DEG C, and soaking time is 0.5-1 hours, is placed in air and cools down rapidly.
Model casting system provided in an embodiment of the present invention ensure that the essence of casting using the method for full-automatic assembly line
True property, saves manpower, avoids manually-operated defect.
Embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to described embodiments.It is right
For those skilled in the art, in the case where not departing from the principle of the invention and spirit, these embodiments are carried out more
Kind change, modification, replacement and modification, still fall in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of investment casting method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1) manufactures fusible pattern：It is injected in die mould with molding material, and by mould material, condensation obtains fusible pattern；
Step 2) manufactures shell：The manufacture shell specifically includes following steps：
Step 201) is soaked on fusible pattern surface hangs one layer of interior shell coating being made of silica flour and waterglass, spreads quartz sand reinforcing
Afterwards, it is hardened with curing agent；
Step 202) repeats step 201) 1-2 times,；
Step 203) hangs one layer of outer shell being made of high-alumina fly and waterglass in the interior shell surface leaching after step 202)
Coating is hardened after spreading the reinforcing of high alumina sand with curing agent；
Step 204) repeats step 203) 2-5 times；
Step 205) dewaxes：The shell that step 204) obtains is placed in 90 DEG C -100 DEG C of hot water and carries out molten mistake fusible pattern processing,
Obtain shell；
Step 3) is poured into a mould：The cast specifically includes following steps：
The shell that step 2) obtains is placed in fuel gas tunnel kiln kiln roasting and handled 1-3 hours by step 301)；
Step 302) will inject aluminium alloy in the shell after calcination process in step 301), solidification cooling obtains casting mold；
Step 4) clears up casting mold：The casting mold that step 3) obtains is shelled, ball blast and ingate is gone to handle, obtains casting；
Step 5) heat treating castings：The casting that step 4) obtains is heat-treated, it is described heat treatment include annealing with just
Fire processing.
2. investment casting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mould material includes the paraffin of 95% weight ratio
With the low molecular polyethylene of 5% weight ratio.
3. investment casting method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the manufacture fusible pattern specifically includes following step
Suddenly：
The mould material, which is added, to melt in holding furnace for step 101) melts；
The mould material addition melted in step 101) is stirred in wax machine and stirs into paste by step 102)；
Step 103) injects the mould material of paste in step 102) wax injector in die mould, and condensation obtains fusible pattern.
4. investment casting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the type that the step 301) obtains step 2)
The temperature that shell is placed in fuel gas tunnel kiln kiln roasting is 840 DEG C -860 DEG C.
5. investment casting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the curing agent is magnesium chloride.
6. investment casting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the weight ratio of the silica flour and waterglass is
1：1.1, the weight ratio of the high-alumina fly and waterglass is 1:1.
7. a kind of model casting system, which is characterized in that the system comprises fusible pattern manufacturing cell, shell manufacturing cell, cast
Unit, casting mold cleaning unit and heat treating castings unit,
The fusible pattern manufacturing cell is used to inject mould material in die mould, and condensation obtains fusible pattern；
The shell manufacturing cell is used to obtain shell by shell assembly line processed；
The cast unit, which is used to aluminium alloy injecting solidification cooling in shell, obtains casting mold；
Casting mold cleaning unit for being shelled to casting mold, ball blast and ingate is gone to handle, obtain casting；
The heat treating castings unit is for being heat-treated casting.
8. a kind of model casting system according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the shell assembly line processed specifically includes：
Interior shell manufacture module, outer shell manufacture module and dewaxing module,
The interior shell manufacture module, which is used to soak on fusible pattern surface, hangs one layer of outer shell coating being made of silica flour and waterglass,
It after spreading quartz sand reinforcing, is hardened, and repeated 1-2 times with curing agent, obtain interior shell；
The outer shell manufacture module is used to hang one layer in the leaching of interior shell surface and be applied by the outer shell that high-alumina fly and waterglass form
Material is hardened after spreading the reinforcing of high alumina sand with curing agent, and is repeated 2-5 times, and shell is obtained；
The dewaxing module is molten to lose the shell after fusible pattern is dewaxed for being placed in shell in 90 DEG C -100 DEG C of hot water.
9. a kind of model casting system according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the cast unit includes roasting module
With cast module,
The roasting module is used to shell being placed in fuel gas tunnel kiln kiln roasting and handle 1-3 hours；
The cast module is used in the shell after aluminium alloy injection calcination process, and solidification cooling obtains casting mold.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810490483.6A CN108637174A (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | A kind of investment casting method and system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810490483.6A CN108637174A (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | A kind of investment casting method and system |
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| CN108637174A true CN108637174A (en) | 2018-10-12 |
Family
ID=63757322
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| CN201810490483.6A Pending CN108637174A (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | A kind of investment casting method and system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110842138A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-28 | 南通市腾飞金属铸造有限公司 | Fire grate waxing and molding method |
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Application publication date: 20181012 |