CN108630085B - A system for simulating house collapse - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种模拟房屋倒塌的系统,包括房屋框架机构,房屋框架机构包括四根竖向设置的立柱和连接相邻两根立柱上端部的四根横梁,房屋框架机构还包括设置在每根立柱下端部处的夹紧模块,立柱下端部穿过夹紧模块与地面铰接,控制夹紧模块的松紧来调节立柱是否为直立状态,横梁和立柱铰接。第一施力机构和第二施力机构,用于模拟地震中所有的外力。墙壁机构,用于模拟墙壁。该发明的优点在于:通过搭建房屋框架机构来模拟地震中的房屋,第一施力机构和第二施力机构来模拟地震时实现房屋在各种方向上的摆动,当需要模拟地震时的状态时,夹紧模块为松开状态;当需要模拟未地震时的状态时,夹紧模块为夹紧状态,保证立柱为直立。
The invention discloses a system for simulating house collapse, comprising a house frame mechanism, the house frame mechanism comprising four vertically arranged uprights and four beams connecting the upper ends of the adjacent two uprights, and the house frame mechanism further comprising: The clamping module at the lower end of the column is hinged to the ground through the clamping module, and the tension of the clamping module is controlled to adjust whether the column is in an upright state, and the beam and the column are hinged. The first force application mechanism and the second force application mechanism are used to simulate all the external forces in the earthquake. Wall mechanism, used to simulate walls. The advantage of the invention is that the house in the earthquake is simulated by building a house frame mechanism, the first force application mechanism and the second force application mechanism are used to simulate the earthquake to realize the swing of the house in various directions, and the state during the earthquake needs to be simulated. When , the clamping module is in a loose state; when it is necessary to simulate the state without earthquake, the clamping module is in a clamping state to ensure that the column is upright.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及建筑领域,尤其是一种模拟房屋倒塌的系统。The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to a system for simulating house collapse.
背景技术Background technique
地震是一种自然现象,其实地震波本身杀不了人,充其量能将空旷之地的人颠趴下,对居民的直接杀手是倒塌的房屋、山体滑坡塌方和其后暴雨中的泥石流。人们赖以遮风蔽雨的房屋,如果不抗震,地震来时就成为人们的葬身之地。历次震灾统计表明,地震中95%人员死亡是缘于建筑物的倒塌。Earthquakes are a natural phenomenon. In fact, seismic waves cannot kill people. At best, they can knock down people in open spaces. The direct killers to residents are collapsed houses, landslides, and mudslides in subsequent torrential rains. If the houses that people rely on to shelter from the wind and rain are not earthquake-resistant, they will become people's burial places when the earthquake strikes. Statistics from previous earthquake disasters show that 95% of the deaths in earthquakes are due to the collapse of buildings.
因此,为了让群众体验到地震时的状态,或者训练救援队伍,急需一种模拟房屋倒塌的系统。Therefore, in order to let the masses experience the state of the earthquake, or to train rescue teams, a system for simulating the collapse of houses is urgently needed.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了克服上述现有技术,为此,本发明提供一种模拟房屋倒塌的系统。In order to overcome the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a system for simulating house collapse.
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种模拟房屋倒塌的系统,包括,A system for simulating house collapse, comprising,
房屋框架机构,包括四根竖向设置的立柱和连接相邻两根立柱上端部的四根横梁,所述房屋框架机构还包括设置在每根立柱下端部处的夹紧模块,所述立柱下端部穿过夹紧模块与地面铰接,控制夹紧模块的松紧来调节立柱是否为直立状态,所述横梁和立柱铰接;The house frame mechanism includes four vertically arranged uprights and four beams connecting the upper ends of the adjacent two uprights, the house frame mechanism also includes a clamping module arranged at the lower end of each upright, the lower end of the upright The part is hinged with the ground through the clamping module, and the tension of the clamping module is controlled to adjust whether the column is in an upright state, and the beam and the column are hinged;
第一施力机构和第二施力机构,用于模拟地震中所有的外力;The first force application mechanism and the second force application mechanism are used to simulate all the external forces in the earthquake;
墙壁机构,用于模拟墙壁,所述墙壁机构设置在相邻两立柱之间。A wall mechanism is used to simulate a wall, and the wall mechanism is arranged between two adjacent columns.
详细地说,所述第一施力机构包括电机,与电机通过联轴器相连的滚筒,缠在滚筒上的第一绳索,第一绳索的另一端拉动房屋框架机构。In detail, the first force application mechanism includes a motor, a drum connected with the motor through a coupling, a first rope wound on the drum, and the other end of the first rope pulls the house frame mechanism.
详细地说,所述第一施力机构还包括第一立杆,所述第一立杆上固定有第一滑轮,所述第一绳索绕过第一滑轮,所述第一滑轮可在第一立杆上上下移动。In detail, the first force applying mechanism further includes a first pole, a first pulley is fixed on the first pole, the first rope goes around the first pulley, and the first pulley can be placed on the first pole. A pole moves up and down.
详细地说,所述第二施力机构包括配重块、第二滑轮、第二绳索,所述第二绳索一端与配重块连接,另一端绕过第二滑轮连接在房屋框架机构上。In detail, the second force applying mechanism includes a counterweight, a second pulley, and a second rope. One end of the second rope is connected to the counterweight, and the other end is connected to the house frame mechanism around the second pulley.
详细地说,所述第一施力机构和第二施力机构均为两套,四个施力机构分别与四根立柱连接,其中一个第一施力机构和其中一个第二施力机构对房屋框架机构施力方向相反,且分别设置在房屋框架机构中相对的两根立柱的同一水平高度处,另外一个第一施力机构和另外一个第二施力机构对房屋框架机构施力方向相反,且分别设置在另外两根立柱的同一水平高度处。In detail, the first force application mechanism and the second force application mechanism are two sets, the four force application mechanisms are respectively connected with the four uprights, and one of the first force application mechanism and the second force application mechanism The direction of force applied by the house frame mechanism is opposite, and they are respectively arranged at the same horizontal height of the two opposite uprights in the house frame mechanism. , and are respectively set at the same level of the other two columns.
详细地说,第一施力机构和第二施力机构的施力方向与均相邻立柱上两方向的墙壁移板的水平方向的夹角均为135°。In detail, the included angle between the force applying direction of the first force applying mechanism and the second force applying mechanism and the horizontal direction of the wall moving plates in the two directions on the adjacent columns are both 135°.
详细地说,所述夹紧模块包括固定在地面的凸台,所述凸台的中部在高度方向上设置有大于立柱直径的孔,所述凸台上设置有三爪卡盘,所述三爪卡盘的中轴线与孔的中轴线重合。In detail, the clamping module includes a boss fixed on the ground, the middle of the boss is provided with a hole larger than the diameter of the column in the height direction, the boss is provided with a three-jaw chuck, and the three-jaw chuck is arranged on the boss. The central axis of the chuck coincides with the central axis of the hole.
详细地说,所述系统还包括依次设置在立柱与横梁之间固定板、支架、转动轴节、梁凸块,所述固定板的一侧面固定在立柱端面上,支架固定在固定板的另一侧面上,所述支架和转动轴节均为U型部,所梁凸块固定在横梁的端部,所述转动轴节的U型部通过第二销钉与梁凸块连接,使得横梁绕第二销钉的中轴线在垂直于固定板且垂直于地面的平面上来回转动,所述转动轴节U型部的底部通过第一销钉固定在支架的U型部内,使得转动轴节绕第一销钉的中轴线在垂直于固定板且平行于地面的平面上来回转动。In detail, the system also includes a fixed plate, a bracket, a rotating shaft joint, and a beam bump that are arranged between the column and the beam in sequence, one side of the fixed plate is fixed on the end face of the column, and the bracket is fixed on the other side of the fixed plate. On one side, the bracket and the rotating shaft section are both U-shaped parts, the beam projection is fixed on the end of the beam, and the U-shaped part of the rotating shaft section is connected with the beam projection through the second pin, so that the beam is wound around the beam. The central axis of the second pin rotates back and forth on a plane perpendicular to the fixing plate and to the ground. The bottom of the U-shaped portion of the rotating shaft section is fixed in the U-shaped section of the bracket through the first The central axis of the pin rotates back and forth on a plane perpendicular to the fixing plate and parallel to the ground.
详细地说,所述立柱与第一施力机构和第二施力机构连接处设置有与立柱中轴线重合的槽,所述槽内设置有夹紧环,所述第一施力机构和第二施力机构通过夹紧环对立柱施力。In detail, the connection between the column and the first force applying mechanism and the second force applying mechanism is provided with a groove that coincides with the central axis of the column, a clamping ring is arranged in the groove, and the first force applying mechanism and the second force applying mechanism are The second force applying mechanism applies force to the upright column through the clamping ring.
详细地说,所述相邻两立柱相对面上均固定有与立柱长度方向平行的墙壁支板,且在两个墙壁支板之间铰接有若干块墙壁移板,所述墙壁支板在靠近夹紧环处设置有避免与夹紧环接触的缺口。In detail, a wall support plate parallel to the length direction of the column is fixed on the opposite surfaces of the two adjacent columns, and a number of wall moving plates are hinged between the two wall support plates, and the wall support plates are close to The clamping ring is provided with a notch to avoid contact with the clamping ring.
本发明的优点在于:The advantages of the present invention are:
(1)本发明通过搭建房屋框架机构来模拟地震中的房屋,第一施力机构和第二施力机构来模拟地震时实现房屋在各种方向上的摆动,当需要模拟地震时的状态时,夹紧模块为松开状态;当需要模拟未地震时的状态时,夹紧模块为夹紧状态,保证立柱为直立。(1) The present invention simulates the house in the earthquake by building the house frame mechanism, and the first force applying mechanism and the second force applying mechanism realize the swing of the house in various directions when the earthquake is simulated, and when the state during the earthquake needs to be simulated , the clamping module is in the released state; when it is necessary to simulate the state without earthquake, the clamping module is in the clamping state to ensure that the column is upright.
(2)本发明通过三爪卡盘来调节立柱是否为直立状态。(2) The present invention uses a three-jaw chuck to adjust whether the column is in an upright state.
(3)第一施力机构和第二施力机构的施力方向,使得房屋框架机构在任意方向上倒塌。(3) The force applying directions of the first force applying mechanism and the second force applying mechanism make the house frame mechanism collapse in any direction.
(4)立柱与横梁之间的铰接和立柱与地面铰接方便房屋框架机构向任意方向倒塌。(4) The hinge between the column and the beam and the hinge between the column and the ground facilitate the collapse of the house frame mechanism in any direction.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明中的模拟房屋倒塌系统的轴测图;1 is an axonometric view of a simulated house collapse system in the present invention;
图2是装置中第一施力机构的局部视图;Fig. 2 is the partial view of the first force applying mechanism in the device;
图3是装置中第二施力机构的局部视图;Figure 3 is a partial view of the second force applying mechanism in the device;
图4是装置中立柱与横梁之间铰接处的局部视图;Figure 4 is a partial view of the hinge between the upright column and the beam in the device;
图5是装置中墙壁机构的局部视图。Figure 5 is a partial view of the wall mechanism in the device.
图中标注符号的含义如下:The meanings of the symbols in the figure are as follows:
1-横梁 2-立柱 201-槽 3-三爪卡盘 4-凸台1-Beam 2-Column 201-Slot 3-Three-jaw chuck 4-Boss
5-第一立杆 6-第一绳索 7-滚筒 8-电机 9-夹紧环5-First pole 6-First rope 7-Roller 8-Motor 9-Clamping ring
10-吊钩 11-配重块 12-固定板 13-支架 14-第一销钉10-Hook 11-Counterweight 12-Fixing plate 13-Bracket 14-First pin
15-轴承 16-转动轴节 17-墙壁支板 1701-缺口 18-墙壁移板15-Bearing 16-Rotating shaft joint 17-Wall support plate 1701-Notch 18-Wall shift plate
19-第二销钉 20-第二立杆 21-第二绳索 22-第一滑轮19-Second pin 20-Second pole 21-Second rope 22-First pulley
23-第二滑轮 25-梁凸块23-Second pulley 25-Beam bump
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示,一种模拟房屋倒塌的系统,其特征在于,包括,As shown in Figure 1, a system for simulating house collapse is characterized by, including,
房屋框架机构,包括四根竖向设置的立柱2和连接相邻两根立柱2上端部的四根横梁1,所述房屋框架机构还包括设置在每根立柱2下端部处的夹紧模块,所述立柱2下端部穿过夹紧模块与地面铰接,控制夹紧模块的松紧来调节立柱2是否为直立状态,所述横梁1和立柱2铰接;The house frame mechanism includes four
第一施力机构和第二施力机构,用于模拟地震中所有的外力,所述第一施力机构和第二施力机构的作用在房屋框架机构上的力相反;The first force application mechanism and the second force application mechanism are used to simulate all external forces in the earthquake, and the first force application mechanism and the second force application mechanism have opposite forces acting on the house frame mechanism;
墙壁机构,用于模拟墙壁,所述相邻两立柱2相对面上均通过焊接固定有与立柱2长度方向平行的墙壁支板17,且在两个墙壁支板17之间铰接有5块墙壁移板18。墙壁支板17和墙壁移板18的铰接模拟一座房屋的墙壁。墙壁移板18集中在立柱的2的中部位置,防止墙壁支板17接触到横梁或夹紧模块。房屋框架机构移动时,墙壁机构可以达到模拟墙壁出现裂隙,扭曲的情形。The wall mechanism is used to simulate a wall. The opposite surfaces of the two
如图5所示,所述立柱2与第一施力机构和第二施力机构连接处设置有与立柱2中轴线重合的槽201,所述槽201内设置有夹紧环9,所述第一施力机构和第二施力机构通过夹紧环9对立柱2施力。所述墙壁支板17在靠近夹紧环9处设置有避免与夹紧环9接触的缺口1701。As shown in FIG. 5 , a
如图2所示,所述第一施力机构为电机8拖动机构,包括电机8、第一立杆5、与电机8通过联轴器相连的滚筒7、缠在滚筒7上的第一绳索6,第一绳索6的另一端拉动房屋框架机构。所述第一立杆5上固定有第一滑轮22,所述第一绳索6绕过第一滑轮22,所述第一滑轮22可在第一立杆5上上下移动。第一滑轮22的作用是电机8不论放在何处,为了更平稳地提供动力,保证第一滑轮22与夹紧环9之间的第一绳索6与地面的角度。在该实施例中,第一滑轮22与夹紧环9支架13的第一绳索6与地面平行。As shown in FIG. 2 , the first force applying mechanism is a motor 8 dragging mechanism, including a motor 8 , a first vertical rod 5 , a drum 7 connected to the motor 8 through a coupling, and a first Rope 6, the other end of the first rope 6 pulls the house frame mechanism. A
如图3所示,所述第二施力机构为配重机构,包括配重块11、吊钩10、第二滑轮23、第二绳索21、第二立杆20,所述第二绳索21一端通过吊钩10与配重块11连接,另一端绕过设置在第二立杆20上的第二滑轮23连接在房屋框架机构上。第二施力机构的目的是为房屋框架机构提供动力。As shown in FIG. 3 , the second force applying mechanism is a counterweight mechanism, including a counterweight block 11 , a hook 10 , a
所述第一施力机构和第二施力机构均为两套,四个施力机构分别与四根立柱2连接,其中一个第一施力机构和其中一个第二施力机构对房屋框架机构施力方向相反,且分别设置在房屋框架机构中相对的两根立柱2的同一水平高度处,另外一个第一施力机构和另外一个第二施力机构对房屋框架机构施力方向相反,且分别设置在另外两根立柱2的同一水平高度处。在该实施例中,四个施力机构的施力水平高度均相同。The first force applying mechanism and the second force applying mechanism are two sets. The direction of force is opposite, and they are respectively arranged at the same horizontal height of the two
第一施力机构和第二施力机构的施力方向与均相邻立柱2上两方向的墙壁移板18的水平方向的夹角均为135°。这样可以给房屋框架机构提供各种方向的动力。The included angles between the force applying directions of the first force applying mechanism and the second force applying mechanism and the horizontal direction of the
所述夹紧模块包括通过螺纹连接固定在地面的凸台4,所述凸台4的中部在高度方向上设置有大于立柱2直径的孔,所述凸台4上设置有三爪卡盘3,所述三爪卡盘3的中轴线与孔的中轴线重合。夹紧模块松开后,在第一施力机构和第二施力机构的作用下,房屋框架机构可以向预定的方向运动,达到模拟地震时房屋晃动的目的。其中三爪卡盘3为电力驱动。The clamping module includes a
如图4所示,所述系统还包括依次设置在立柱2与横梁1之间固定板12、支架13、转动轴节16、梁凸块25,所述固定板12的一侧面固定在立柱2端面上,支架13固定在固定板12的另一侧面上,所述支架13和转动轴节16均为U型部,所梁凸块25固定在横梁1的端部,所述转动轴节16的U型部通过第二销钉19与梁凸块25连接,使得横梁1绕第二销钉19的中轴线在垂直于固定板12且垂直于地面的平面上来回转动,所述转动轴节16U型部的底部通过第一销钉14固定在支架13的U型部内,使得转动轴节16绕第一销钉14的中轴线在垂直于固定板12且平行于地面的平面上来回转动。第二销钉19穿过的圆孔内装自润滑轴承15,从而减少转动轴节16与梁凸块25的摩擦。支架13和转动轴节16,转动轴节16和横梁1都用销钉连接,销钉的长度比圆孔的总长度多2mm,第一销钉14和第二销钉19的两端均有台阶,并加工螺纹,两侧用螺母固定。As shown in FIG. 4 , the system further includes a fixing plate 12 , a bracket 13 , a
图4结构为立柱2与横梁1之间的铰接结构,立柱2与地面之间也选择相同的铰接结构,两个铰接结构配合使用使得房屋框架结构可以向任意方向倒塌。Figure 4 shows the hinged structure between the
在该实施例中,铰接结构还可以使用万向节,或者立柱2与横梁1之间和立柱2与地面之间使用球铰连接。In this embodiment, a universal joint can also be used for the hinge structure, or a spherical joint can be used between the
以上仅为本发明创造的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明创造,凡在本发明创造的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明创造的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the present invention. within the scope of protection.
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CN115248129A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-10-28 | 兰州理工大学 | Electromagnetic transient failure excitation system |
CN117275304A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-12-22 | 南京森林警察学院 | Simulation platform and simulation method for earthquake rescue training |
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