CN108627538B - Method for measuring combustion heat release rate of full-size ventilation restricted space - Google Patents
Method for measuring combustion heat release rate of full-size ventilation restricted space Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring combustion heat release rate of a full-size ventilation-limited space, which comprises the following steps of S1, selecting indoor smoke measuring points, layering based on three smoke areas, respectively arranging 3 smoke analyzer probes in the upper, middle and lower three layers of areas of a combustion space, simultaneously measuring carbon oxide and carbon dioxide gas concentrations by using a smoke analyzer, S2, arranging smoke analyzer probes at a smoke exhaust port, measuring the carbon dioxide gas concentrations by using the smoke analyzer, S3, debugging the smoke analyzers in S1 and S2, ensuring that the 4 smoke analyzer probes are simultaneously used for measurement, S4, carrying out data processing, averaging carbon oxide and carbon dioxide gas concentration data measured by using the smoke analyzer in S1, and S5, calculating the heat release rate of a combustion process based on a carbon dioxide generation principle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a combustion heat release rate measuring method, in particular to a combustion heat release rate measuring method for full-size ventilation restricted spaces.
Background
At present, the experimental determination of the heat release rate of a fire disaster is still which is the key problem of fire disaster science, and common measurement methods and devices comprise a weight loss method, a combustion flue gas analysis method and a cone calorimeter, wherein the weight loss method is determined based on the mass loss rate of fuel, the combustion efficiency is estimated values during calculation, but the combustion efficiency is actually changed and is greatly influenced by environmental factors, the cone calorimeter is a common means for measuring the heat release rate at a small scale, but the measurement scene has definite difference from the real fire scene, and the combustion flue gas analysis method is to collect all the flue gas generated by combustion in the experiment, then the flue gas is fully mixed in a smoke exhaust pipeline, the mass flow, components, oxygen concentration and the like of the flue gas are measured at another positions, and the oxygen mass consumed in the combustion process is obtained through calculation, so that the heat release rate in the material combustion process is obtained, but the process is complex and the consumables are large.
At present, the concentration of carbon dioxide gas is measured by a single point, but the distribution of flue gas is not uniform due to the influence of thermal buoyancy and ventilation during combustion, so that the single point measurement is unreliable.
In order to solve the problems, finding methods for simplifying the measurement process, reducing the measurement consumables and effectively measuring the heat release rate has important application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing combustion heat release rate measuring methods for a full-size ventilation limited space, which can directly measure and calculate the heat release rate in the combustion process while directly carrying out a combustion test experiment, and do not need complicated treatment, measurement and calculation processes after collecting combustion flue gas.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is that a combustion heat release rate measuring method for full-size ventilation restricted spaces is constructed, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting indoor smoke measuring points, layering based on three-zone smoke, respectively arranging 3 smoke analyzer probes in the upper, middle and lower three-layer zones of a combustion space, and simultaneously measuring concentrations of carbon oxide and carbon dioxide gas by using the smoke analyzers;
s2, arranging smoke analyzer probes at the smoke exhaust port, wherein the smoke analyzer probes measure the concentration of carbon dioxide gas;
s3: debugging the smoke gas analyzer in S1 and S2 to ensure that the 4 smoke gas analyzer probes are simultaneously measured;
s4, data processing, namely averaging the concentration data of carbon oxide and carbon dioxide gas measured by the flue gas analyzer in S1;
s5: calculating the heat release rate of the combustion process based on the carbon dioxide generation principle;
the heat release rate is calculated based on the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the heat released by the carbon dioxide generated during combustion per unit mass is 13.3 MJ/kg;
ECOthe heat released by the carbon oxide, which forms units of mass during combustion, is 11.1 MJ/kg;
V-total volume of combustion space, m3；
ρ1Carbon dioxide gas density, kg/m3；
ρ2 carbon oxide gas Density, kg/m3；
-volume concentration,%, of carbon dioxide gas in flue gas at the smoke outlet;
CCOflue gas oxidation in the combustion spaceVolume concentration of carbon gas,%.
According to the scheme, the volume flow rate of the air inlet in the heat release rate calculation formula is equal to the mechanical ventilation rate.
According to the scheme, the density of carbon oxide and carbon dioxide gas in the heat release rate calculation formula is the density during combustion, and the density is calculated according to an ideal gas law without considering pressure change.
According to the scheme, the volume concentration C of the carbon oxide gas in the flue gas in the space in the release rate calculation formulaCOThe average value of the measured data of each flue gas analyzer in the space is shown.
According to the scheme, the volume concentration of the carbon dioxide gas in the flue gas in the space in the heat release rate calculation formula
The average value of the measured data of each flue gas analyzer in the space is shown.
The implementation of the method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of the full-size ventilation restricted space has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of the full-size ventilation restricted space is based on the carbon dioxide generation principle, and the carbon dioxide generation amount in the fuel combustion process is determined by using the carbon dioxide gas concentration measured by a flue gas analyzer, so that the heat release rate is calculated; compared with the weight loss method and the cone calorimeter in the prior art, the method provided by the invention can directly measure the heat release rate in a real fire scene without considering the property of fuel;
2. the method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of the full-size ventilation restricted space can directly calculate the heat release rate in the combustion process, does not need a pretreatment process after gas extraction, and compared with a combustion flue gas analysis method in the prior art, the method has the advantages that the measurement process is simpler, and consumable materials are reduced;
3. the method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of the full-size ventilation limited space is based on the three-layer smoke measuring points which are arranged in a partition mode, the influence of thermal buoyancy and ventilation on smoke distribution is fully considered, and the measured data can reflect the distribution condition of smoke in the space more truly.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing a calculated value of a heat release rate when a fire source for a combustion test is located at the center of a combustion space and a fuel is propylene gas with an experimental value of actual combustion;
FIG. 2 is a graph of calculated heat release rate versus actual combustion experimental values when the fire source of the combustion test is located at the corner and the fuel is a heptane oil pool;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the calculated heat release rate when the fire source for the combustion test is located at the wall side and the fuel is PMMA solid with the actual combustion experiment value;
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of a full-sized ventilation restricted space of the present invention comprises the steps of:
s1: selecting indoor smoke measuring points, and respectively arranging three smoke analyzer probes in the upper, middle and lower three-layer areas of a combustion space based on three-layer smoke subareas;
s2, arranging smoke analyzer probes at the smoke exhaust;
s3, debugging the smoke gas analyzer in the step and the step two to ensure that the measurement is carried out simultaneously;
34, data processing, namely averaging the data measured by the flue gas analyzer in the step ;
s5: the heat release rate of the combustion process is calculated based on the carbon dioxide generation principle.
Preferably, the flue gas analyzer used in S1 measures carbon oxide and carbon dioxide gas concentrations simultaneously.
Preferably, the flue gas analyzer used in S2 only needs to measure the carbon dioxide gas concentration.
Preferably, in S5, the heat release rate is calculated based on the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
ECOthe heat released by the carbon oxide, which forms units of mass during combustion, is 11.1 MJ/kg;
-the volumetric flow rate of the smoke outlet; m 3/s;
v-total volume of combustion space, m 3;
ρ1-carbon dioxide gas density, kg/m 3;
ρ2 carbon oxide gas density, kg/m 3;
CCO-volumetric concentration of flue gas carbon oxide gas in the combustion space,%.
Further , in S5, the heat release rate is calculated as the volumetric concentration C of carbon oxide gas in the flue gas in the space of the formulaCOAnd carbon dioxide gas volume concentration
The average value of the measured data of each flue gas analyzer in the space is shown.
Example 1
In this embodiment, methods for measuring the combustion heat release rate of a full-size ventilation-restricted space based on a three-layer flue gas partition and carbon dioxide generation principle include the following steps:
s1: and selecting indoor smoke measuring points and arranging a smoke analyzer. Based on three-region flue gas stratification, 3 flue gas analyzer probes are respectively fixed on the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer, and the flue gas analyzer probes on the same layer have a proper distance;
s2: fixing a smoke analyzer probe for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide gas at a smoke outlet;
s3: debugging all the flue gas analyzers to synchronize the measurement time of the flue gas analyzers, and igniting a fire source;
s4: averaging the gas concentration data of the indoor smoke measuring points;
s5: the combustion heat release rate was calculated based on the carbon dioxide generation principle.
In this embodiment, the fire source for the combustion test is located in the center of the combustion space, and the fuel is propylene gas.
In this embodiment, the heat release rate is calculated based on the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the heat released by the carbon dioxide generated during combustion per unit mass is 13.3 MJ/kg;
ECOthe heat released by the carbon oxide, which forms units of mass during combustion, is 11.1 MJ/kg;
V-total volume of combustion space, m3；
ρ1Carbon dioxide gas density, kg/m3；
ρ2 carbon oxide gas Density, kg/m3；
-volume concentration,%, of carbon dioxide gas in flue gas at the exhaust;
CCO-flue gas carbon oxide gas volume concentration in the combustion chamber,%.
The calculated value of the heat release rate and the experimental value of the actual combustion in this example are shown in fig. 1, according to the above formula.
Example 2
The present embodiment has the same structure as embodiment 1 except for the following features:
in this example, the fire source for the combustion test was located at the corner, and the fuel was a heptane oil pool.
The calculated value of the heat release rate and the experimental value of the actual combustion in this example are shown in fig. 2, for example.
Example 3
The present embodiment has the same structure as embodiment 1 except for the following features:
in this example, the fire source for the combustion test was located at the wall and the fuel was PMMA solid.
The calculated value of the heat release rate and the experimental value of the actual combustion in this example are shown in fig. 3.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents and are included in the scope of the present invention.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1, A method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of a full-size ventilation restricted space, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting indoor smoke measuring points, arranging 1 smoke analyzer probe in each layer area of the upper, middle and lower layers of a combustion space based on three-zone smoke layering, and simultaneously measuring concentrations of carbon oxide and carbon dioxide gas by using a smoke analyzer;
s2, arranging smoke analyzer probes at the smoke exhaust port, wherein the smoke analyzer probes measure the concentration of carbon dioxide gas;
s3: debugging the smoke gas analyzer in S1 and S2 to ensure that the 4 smoke gas analyzer probes are simultaneously measured;
s4, data processing, namely averaging the concentration data of carbon oxide and carbon dioxide gas measured by the flue gas analyzer in S1;
s5: calculating the heat release rate of the combustion process based on the carbon dioxide generation principle;
the heat release rate is calculated based on the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
ECOthe heat released by the carbon oxide, which forms units of mass during combustion, is 11.1 MJ/kg;
V-total volume of combustion space, m3；
ρ1Carbon dioxide gas density, kg/m3；
ρ2 carbon oxide gas Density, kg/m3；
CCO-volumetric concentration of flue gas carbon oxide gas in the combustion space,%.
2. The method for measuring combustion heat release rate of a full-scale ventilation restricted space according to claim 1, wherein the heat release rate calculation formula is such that the volume flow rate of the air intake is equal to the mechanical ventilation rate.
3. The method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of a full-scale ventilation restricted space as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon oxide and carbon dioxide gas densities in the heat release rate calculation formula are densities at the time of combustion, and are calculated according to the ideal gas law without considering pressure changes.
4. The method for measuring the combustion heat release rate in the full-scale ventilation restricted space as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume concentration C of the carbon oxide gas in the flue gas in the space in the release rate calculation formulaCOThe average value of the measured data of each flue gas analyzer in the space is shown.
5. The method for measuring combustion heat release rate of a full-scale ventilation-restricted space according to claim 1, wherein the volume concentration of carbon dioxide gas in flue gas in the space in the heat release rate calculation formula
The average value of the measured data of each flue gas analyzer in the space is shown.
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