CN108627538A - Full-scale ventilation restricted clearance burning heat release rate measurement method - Google Patents
Full-scale ventilation restricted clearance burning heat release rate measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108627538A CN108627538A CN201810263143.XA CN201810263143A CN108627538A CN 108627538 A CN108627538 A CN 108627538A CN 201810263143 A CN201810263143 A CN 201810263143A CN 108627538 A CN108627538 A CN 108627538A
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005399 mechanical ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
- G01N25/22—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of full-scale ventilation restricted clearance burning heat release rate measurement methods, include the following steps：S1：Indoor flue gas measuring point is chosen, three area's backlayerings are based on, respectively 3 flue gas analyzer probes of arrangement, the flue gas analyzer measure the concentration of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gas to three layer region of upper, middle and lower simultaneously in combustion space；S2：Arrange that a flue gas analyzer probe, the flue gas analyzer measure density of carbon dioxide gas at smoke outlet；S3：Debug the flue gas analyzer described in S1 and S2, it is ensured that 4 flue gas analyzers probe is carried out at the same time measurement；S4：The concentration data of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gas that flue gas analyzer in S1 measures is averaged by data processing；S5：The heat release rate of combustion process is calculated based on carbon dioxide generating principle.The present invention can rationally, reliably measure the distribution situation of indoor flue gas, result of calculation is reliable without collecting complex process, measurement and calculating process after combustion product gases.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a combustion heat release rate measuring method, in particular to a combustion heat release rate measuring method for a full-size ventilation restricted space.
Background
At present, the experimental determination of the heat release rate of the fire is still one of the key problems of fire science, and common measuring methods and devices are a weight loss method, a combustion flue gas analysis method and a cone calorimeter. The weight loss method is determined based on the mass loss rate of the fuel, and the combustion efficiency is an estimated value during calculation, but the combustion efficiency is actually changed and is greatly influenced by environmental factors; the cone calorimeter is a common means for measuring the heat release rate in a small scale, but the measurement scene is different from the real fire scene to a certain extent; the combustion flue gas analysis method is to collect all the flue gas generated by combustion in the experiment, then to measure the mass flow, components, oxygen concentration and the like at another position after fully mixing in the smoke exhaust pipeline, and to obtain the oxygen mass consumed in the combustion process through calculation, thereby obtaining the heat release rate in the material combustion process, but the process is complex and the material consumption is large.
Under the ventilation condition, the collection and measurement of combustion tail gas cannot be carried out, based on the fact that the heat released by carbon dioxide generated by unit mass by most of fuel combustion is a constant, the concentration of carbon dioxide gas during combustion is measured by a flue gas analyzer, the generation amount of carbon dioxide is determined according to the concentration change, and therefore the heat release rate is calculated. At present, the concentration of carbon dioxide gas is measured through a single point, but during combustion, due to the influence of thermal buoyancy and ventilation, the distribution of flue gas is not uniform, so that the single point measurement is unreliable.
Aiming at the problems, the method for measuring the heat release rate, which simplifies the measuring process, reduces the measuring consumables and is effective, has important application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of a full-size ventilation limited space, which can directly measure and calculate the heat release rate in the combustion process while directly carrying out a combustion test experiment, and does not need complicated treatment, measurement and calculation processes after collecting combustion flue gas.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of a full-size ventilation restricted space is constructed, and comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting indoor smoke measuring points, layering based on three-zone smoke, and respectively arranging 3 smoke analyzer probes in the upper, middle and lower three-layer zones of a combustion space, wherein the smoke analyzers simultaneously measure the concentration of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide;
s2: arranging a smoke analyzer probe at a smoke outlet, wherein the smoke analyzer measures the concentration of carbon dioxide gas;
s3: debugging the smoke gas analyzer in S1 and S2 to ensure that the 4 smoke gas analyzer probes are simultaneously measured;
s4: data processing, namely averaging the concentration data of the carbon monoxide and the carbon dioxide gas measured by the flue gas analyzer in S1;
s5: the heat release rate of the combustion process is calculated based on the carbon dioxide generation principle.
2. The method for measuring a combustion heat release rate of a full-sized ventilation restricted space according to claim 1, wherein the calculation of the heat release rate is performed based on the following formula:
wherein,
-rate of combustion heat release, kW;
the heat released by the carbon dioxide generated during combustion per unit mass is 13.3 MJ/kg;
ECOthe heat released by the carbon monoxide generated during combustion per unit mass is 11.1 MJ/kg;
-the volumetric flow rate of the smoke outlet; m is3/s；
V-total volume of combustion space, m3；
ρ1Carbon dioxide gas density, kg/m3；
ρ2Carbon monoxide gas density, kg/m3；
-volume concentration,%, of carbon dioxide gas in flue gas at the smoke outlet;
-the volume concentration,%, of carbon dioxide gas in the flue gas in the combustion space;
CCO-the volumetric concentration of flue gas carbon monoxide gas in the combustion space,％。
according to the scheme, the volume flow rate of the air inlet in the heat release rate calculation formula is equal to the mechanical ventilation rate.
According to the scheme, the density of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the heat release rate calculation formula is the density during combustion, and the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are calculated according to an ideal gas law without considering pressure change.
According to the scheme, the volume concentration C of the flue gas carbon monoxide gas in the space in the release rate calculation formulaCOThe average value of the measured data of each flue gas analyzer in the space is shown.
According to the scheme, the volume concentration of the carbon dioxide gas in the flue gas in the space in the heat release rate calculation formulaThe average value of the measured data of each flue gas analyzer in the space is shown.
The implementation of the method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of the full-size ventilation restricted space has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of the full-size ventilation restricted space is based on the carbon dioxide generation principle, and the carbon dioxide generation amount in the fuel combustion process is determined by using the carbon dioxide gas concentration measured by a flue gas analyzer, so that the heat release rate is calculated; compared with the weight loss method and the cone calorimeter in the prior art, the method provided by the invention can directly measure the heat release rate in a real fire scene without considering the property of fuel;
2. the method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of the full-size ventilation restricted space can directly calculate the heat release rate in the combustion process, does not need a pretreatment process after gas extraction, and compared with a combustion flue gas analysis method in the prior art, the method has the advantages that the measurement process is simpler, and consumable materials are reduced;
3. the method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of the full-size ventilation limited space is based on the three-layer smoke measuring points which are arranged in a partition mode, the influence of thermal buoyancy and ventilation on smoke distribution is fully considered, and the measured data can reflect the distribution condition of smoke in the space more truly.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing a calculated value of a heat release rate when a fire source for a combustion test is located at the center of a combustion space and a fuel is propylene gas with an experimental value of actual combustion;
FIG. 2 is a graph of calculated heat release rate versus actual combustion experimental values when the fire source of the combustion test is located at the corner and the fuel is a heptane oil pool;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the calculated heat release rate when the fire source for the combustion test is located at the wall side and the fuel is PMMA solid with the actual combustion experiment value;
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of a full-sized ventilation restricted space of the present invention comprises the steps of:
s1: selecting indoor smoke measuring points, and respectively arranging three smoke analyzer probes in the upper, middle and lower three-layer areas of a combustion space based on three-layer smoke subareas;
s2: arranging a smoke analyzer probe at the smoke outlet;
s3: debugging the flue gas analyzer in the first step and the second step to ensure that the measurement is carried out at the same time;
34: data processing, namely averaging the data measured by the flue gas analyzer in the step one;
s5: the heat release rate of the combustion process is calculated based on the carbon dioxide generation principle.
Preferably, the flue gas analyzer used in S1 measures the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gas concentrations simultaneously.
Preferably, the flue gas analyzer used in S2 only needs to measure the carbon dioxide gas concentration.
Preferably, in S5, the heat release rate is calculated based on the following formula:
wherein,
-rate of combustion heat release, kW;
the heat released by the carbon dioxide generated during combustion per unit mass is 13.3 MJ/kg;
ECOthe heat released by the carbon monoxide generated during combustion per unit mass is 11.1 MJ/kg;
-the volumetric flow rate of the smoke outlet; m 3/s;
v-total volume of combustion space, m 3;
ρ1-carbon dioxide gas density, kg/m 3;
ρ2-carbon monoxide gas density, kg/m 3;
-volume concentration,%, of carbon dioxide gas in flue gas at the smoke outlet;
-the volume concentration,%, of carbon dioxide gas in the flue gas in the combustion space;
CCO-volumetric concentration of flue gas carbon monoxide gas in the combustion space,%.
Further, in S5, the volumetric concentration C of the flue gas CO in the space of the heat release rate calculation formulaCOAnd carbon dioxide gas volume concentrationThe average value of the measured data of each flue gas analyzer in the space is shown.
Example 1
In the embodiment, a method for measuring combustion heat release rate of a full-size ventilation restricted space based on three-layer flue gas partition and carbon dioxide generation principle comprises the following steps:
s1: and selecting indoor smoke measuring points and arranging a smoke analyzer. Based on three-region flue gas stratification, 3 flue gas analyzer probes are respectively fixed on the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer, and the flue gas analyzer probes on the same layer have a proper distance;
s2: fixing a smoke analyzer probe for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide gas at a smoke outlet;
s3: debugging all the flue gas analyzers to synchronize the measurement time of the flue gas analyzers, and igniting a fire source;
s4: averaging the gas concentration data of the indoor smoke measuring points;
s5: the combustion heat release rate was calculated based on the carbon dioxide generation principle.
In this embodiment, the fire source for the combustion test is located in the center of the combustion space, and the fuel is propylene gas.
In this embodiment, the heat release rate is calculated based on the following formula:
wherein,
wherein,
-rate of combustion heat release, kW;
the heat released by the carbon dioxide generated during combustion per unit mass is 13.3 MJ/kg;
ECOthe heat released by the carbon monoxide generated during combustion per unit mass is 11.1 MJ/kg;
-the volumetric flow rate of the smoke outlet; m is3/s；
V-total volume of combustion space, m3；
ρ1-carbon dioxide gasDensity, kg/m3；
ρ2Carbon monoxide gas density, kg/m3；
-volume concentration,%, of carbon dioxide gas in flue gas at the exhaust;
-the volume concentration,%, of carbon dioxide gas in the flue gas in the combustion chamber;
CCO-volume concentration of flue gas carbon monoxide in the combustion chamber,%.
The calculated value of the heat release rate and the experimental value of the actual combustion in this example are shown in fig. 1, according to the above formula.
Example 2
The present embodiment has the same structure as embodiment 1 except for the following features:
in this example, the fire source for the combustion test was located at the corner, and the fuel was a heptane oil pool.
The calculated value of the heat release rate and the experimental value of the actual combustion in this example are shown in fig. 2, for example.
Example 3
The present embodiment has the same structure as embodiment 1 except for the following features:
in this example, the fire source for the combustion test was located at the wall and the fuel was PMMA solid.
The calculated value of the heat release rate and the experimental value of the actual combustion in this example are shown in fig. 3.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents and are included in the scope of the present invention.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of a full-size ventilation restricted space is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting indoor smoke measuring points, layering based on three-zone smoke, and respectively arranging 3 smoke analyzer probes in the upper, middle and lower three-layer zones of a combustion space, wherein the smoke analyzers simultaneously measure the concentration of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide;
s2: arranging a smoke analyzer probe at a smoke outlet, wherein the smoke analyzer measures the concentration of carbon dioxide gas;
s3: debugging the smoke gas analyzer in S1 and S2 to ensure that the 4 smoke gas analyzer probes are simultaneously measured;
s4: data processing, namely averaging the concentration data of the carbon monoxide and the carbon dioxide gas measured by the flue gas analyzer in S1;
s5: the heat release rate of the combustion process is calculated based on the carbon dioxide generation principle.
2. The method for measuring a combustion heat release rate of a full-sized ventilation restricted space according to claim 1, wherein the calculation of the heat release rate is performed based on the following formula:
wherein,
-rate of combustion heat release, kW;
the heat released by the carbon dioxide generated during combustion per unit mass is 13.3 MJ/kg;
ECOthe heat released by the carbon monoxide generated during combustion per unit mass is 11.1 MJ/kg;
-the volumetric flow rate of the smoke outlet; m is3/s；
V-total volume of combustion space, m3；
ρ1Carbon dioxide gas density, kg/m3；
ρ2Carbon monoxide gas density, kg/m3；
-volume concentration,%, of carbon dioxide gas in flue gas at the smoke outlet;
-the volume concentration,%, of carbon dioxide gas in the flue gas in the combustion space;
CCO-volumetric concentration of flue gas carbon monoxide gas in the combustion space,%.
3. The method for measuring combustion heat release rate of a full-scale ventilation restricted space according to claim 1, wherein the heat release rate calculation formula is such that the volume flow rate of the air intake is equal to the mechanical ventilation rate.
4. The method for measuring the combustion heat release rate of a full-scale ventilation restricted space as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gas density in the heat release rate calculation formula is the density at the time of combustion, and is calculated according to the ideal gas law without considering the pressure change.
5. The method for measuring the combustion heat release rate in the full-scale ventilation restricted space as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume concentration C of the flue gas carbon monoxide gas in the space in the release rate calculation formulaCOThe average value of the measured data of each flue gas analyzer in the space is shown.
6. The method for measuring combustion heat release rate of a full-scale ventilation-restricted space according to claim 1, wherein the volume concentration of carbon dioxide gas in flue gas in the space in the heat release rate calculation formulaThe average value of the measured data of each flue gas analyzer in the space is shown.
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