CN108623192B - Titanium alloy-K9 glass composite connection equipment and method based on intermediate layer gradient - Google Patents
Titanium alloy-K9 glass composite connection equipment and method based on intermediate layer gradient Download PDFInfo
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- CN108623192B CN108623192B CN201710176411.XA CN201710176411A CN108623192B CN 108623192 B CN108623192 B CN 108623192B CN 201710176411 A CN201710176411 A CN 201710176411A CN 108623192 B CN108623192 B CN 108623192B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/04—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer
- C03C27/042—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C03C27/046—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts of metals, metal oxides or metal salts only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/061—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/04—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the partial melting of at least one layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/08—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the cooling method
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite connection device and a method of titanium alloy-K4 glass, wherein the device comprises an operating machine, a controller, an image card, an image sensor CCD, an optical filter and a lens, a microcomputer CPU, a digital-analog D/A conversion card, a pressure control system and a pressure head. The invention sprays the surface plasma with Al2O3The ceramic K9 glass, aluminum alloy, brass and titanium alloy with silver-plated surface are stacked together, and semi-solid connection is carried out by using hot pressing technology and Ar gas as protective gas, so that metallurgical reaction is carried out on the glass and the Al alloy at the interface, and meanwhile, element diffusion is carried out on the Al alloy and the brass and titanium alloy interface under the action of hot pressing, and metallurgical connection is realized on each interface. The invention reduces the temperature required by connection, reduces the welding time, simultaneously reduces the requirement on experimental equipment, finally achieves the purpose of reducing the generation of internal stress, and improves the welding efficiency and the welding strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal processing, and particularly relates to titanium alloy-K9 glass composite connection equipment and a method based on intermediate layer gradient.
Background
With the advance of national industry 4.0, high-performance materials and the rapid development of electronic industry, electronic devices are increasingly required to be miniaturized, diversified and precise, and metal and nonmetal connecting components can be applied to a severe experimental environment due to the integration of partial characteristics of metal and nonmetal, and become research hotspots. The titanium alloy has the advantages of light weight, corrosion resistance, unchanged performance at low temperature and the like, and the connection of the titanium alloy and the titanium alloy is often used for electronics, aerospace, war industry, instruments and meters.
Although the advantages of the non-metal and metal connectors are numerous and widely used, the connection between the non-metal and the metal is difficult: thermal and residual stresses, and difficulty in wetting the glass surface. The reason for the thermal and residual stresses is that the k9 glass and titanium alloy have approximately twice different coefficients of thermal expansion, and the ease of wetting reflects the strength of the bond.
At present, the leading edge of the world mainly adopts three methods for welding glass and titanium, which are respectively as follows: matched sealing, anodic bonding and brazing connection. The principle of matching sealing is that metal is pre-oxidized to form a layer of metal oxide film on the surface of the metal, and the metal oxide film has good adhesion. The principle of anodic bonding is that under the action of electrostatic field force, oxidation reaction and solid phase reaction occur at the interface to form bonding and form the connection of glass and titanium, and its disadvantage is that it is easy to form hole string or virtual welding spot, which significantly reduces the connection strength. The principle of brazing is that a small amount of active elements such as Ag, Ti, Ni and the like are added into the brazing filler metal to promote the wetting of the brazing filler metal on the surface of glass, so that a reaction layer is formed to realize connection. Its advantages are high connection strength, simple process, and high adaptability to shape and size of joint, but its disadvantages are high temp. and vacuum welding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide titanium alloy-K9 glass composite connection equipment and a method based on intermediate layer gradient, which have the characteristics of low welding temperature, simple process, high bonding strength and difficult shedding of connecting pieces.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows: a titanium alloy-K9 glass composite connection method based on intermediate layer gradient comprises the following steps:
pretreating the surfaces of the 6061 aluminum alloy and the brass of the middle layer;
silver plating is carried out on the surface of the titanium alloy, and then plasma spraying Al is carried out on the surface of the K9 glass2O3A ceramic;
plasma spraying Al on the surface2O3Ceramic K9 glass, aluminum alloy, brass and titanium alloy with silver plated on the surface are sequentially overlapped; putting the mixture into a vacuum, introducing Ar gas, heating to 620-635 ℃, simultaneously applying pressure of 0.2-0.8 MPa, and adjusting the pressure head speed to ensure that the pressing speed is 0.01-0.05 mm/min;
pressurizing to make the thickness of the whole workpiece be 75% -85% of the original thickness of the workpiece, and finishing the connection of the titanium alloy and the K9 glass;
keeping the pressure unchanged, stabilizing the pressure for 15-60 min, unloading the pressure, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
Further, the titanium alloy is TC 4.
Preferably, the titanium alloy, the brass, the 6061 aluminum alloy and the K9 glass are all blocks.
Preferably, the titanium alloy is coated with a silver layer of 5-20 μm.
Surface plasma spraying Al2O3When ceramic K9 glass is laminated with 6061 aluminum alloy, brass and titanium alloy with silver-plated surface in sequence, K9 glass is sprayed with Al2O3The surface of the ceramic is connected with 6061 aluminum alloy, and the silver plating surface of the titanium alloy is connected with brass.
The surface pretreatment of the middle layer 6061 aluminum alloy and brass specifically comprises the following steps: and (5) decontamination and oxide film removal treatment.
An apparatus for a composite joining method of titanium alloy-K4 glass dissimilar materials, comprising: a connecting rod, a controller, an image card, an image sensor CCD, an optical filter and a lens, a microcomputer CPU, a digital-analog D/A conversion card, an upper pressure head of a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, a lower pressure head of a positive air hot-pressing furnace and a pressure control system; the upper pressure head of the vacuum hot-pressing furnace is arranged at the tail end of the connecting rod, the connecting rod is used for controlling the posture through the controller, and the pressing-down of the upper pressure head of the vacuum hot-pressing furnace and the pressing-down rate control are realized through the connecting rod; the optical filter and the lens are arranged on an image sensor CCD, the image sensor CCD is connected with an image card, the image signal is input into the image card by an upper pressure head of the vacuum autoclave under the condition of different rates collected by the image sensor CCD, then the image signal is input into a CPU for carrying out movement rate signal conversion and comparison processing calculation, an output signal of the CPU is converted into an analog signal by a digital-to-analog D/A conversion card and is sent to a pressure system for carrying out closed-loop control on the pressure parameter of the upper pressure head of the vacuum autoclave, so that the pressure head is kept in a specified movement.
Compared with the prior connecting technology, the invention has the remarkable characteristics that: (1) aluminum, brass and silver are used as transition layers between the titanium alloy and the K9 glass, so that the problem that high-strength connection cannot be achieved due to large internal stress caused by direct connection of the glass and the titanium alloy is solved, and the strength of the joint is improved. (2) In the vacuum hot pressing furnace, the hot pressing temperature is in the semi-solid temperature range of the aluminum, so that the aluminum is in a semi-solid state, the temperature required by welding the glass and the titanium is reduced, and the welding efficiency is improved. (3) The adoption of CCD sensing for online adjustment of the pressing rate of the pressing head can enable the hot pressing process to be more accurate, stable and controllable, and can reduce the generation of microcracks in K9 glass.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the K9 glass and TC4 titanium alloy method and apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a workpiece assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of the method for joining K9 glass to TC4 titanium alloy according to the present invention;
the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Referring to fig. 1, the TC4 glass-K9 glass composite connection device of the present invention includes a connection rod 1, a controller 2, an image card 3, an image sensor CCD4, an optical filter and lens 5, a microcomputer CPU6, a digital-analog D/a conversion card 7, a processing workpiece 8, an upper pressure head 9 of a vacuum autoclave, a lower pressure head 10 of the vacuum autoclave, a pressure system 11, wherein the pressure head 9 is disposed at the end of the connection rod 1, and the connection rod 1 is attitude-controlled by the controller 2, thereby controlling the pressing rate of the pressure head 9; the workpiece 8 is placed between an upper pressure head 9 of the vacuum hot-pressing furnace and a lower pressure head 10 of the vacuum hot-pressing furnace, and the pressure head 9 is pressed downwards; the optical filter and the lens 5 are arranged on the image sensor CCD4, the image sensor CCD4 is connected with the image card 3, the signal collected by the image sensor CCD4 is input into the image card 3 and then input into the CPU6 for processing, and the output signal of the CPU6 is converted into an analog signal by the digital-analog D/A conversion card 7 and is sent to the pressure system 11 for pressure parameter control.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the method for connecting K9 glass and TC4 titanium alloy comprises the steps of firstly performing decontamination and oxide film removal treatment on the surfaces of 6061 aluminum alloy and brass, performing surface silvering on the titanium alloy, and then performing plasma spraying of Al on the surface of K9 glass2O3The ceramic, the aluminum alloy, the brass and the titanium alloy with silver-plated surface are sequentially overlapped, the ceramic, the aluminum alloy, the brass and the titanium alloy with silver-plated surface are placed in a vacuum connecting furnace, Ar gas is selected as protective gas, the ceramic is heated to 620-635 ℃, meanwhile, 0.2-0.8 MPa of pressure is applied, the pressure head speed is adjusted by a pressure control system, the pressing speed is ensured to be 0.01-0.05 mm/min, and the corresponding time is actedAnd meanwhile, under the action of hot pressing, the elements of the Al alloy and brass, and the brass and titanium alloy interface are promoted to diffuse, so that metallurgical connection is realized. Finally, the connection between the titanium alloy and the K9 glass is realized, and the bonding strength of the glass and the titanium alloy is improved. Then keeping the pressure unchanged, stabilizing the pressure for 15-60 min, unloading the pressure, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
Under the temperature condition of 620-635 ℃, the metal aluminum is in a liquid-solid two-phase region, has good viscosity and fluidity, enters an aluminum oxide ceramic gap on the surface of the glass under the action of pressure, generates a semi-solid connection effect, realizes semi-solid connection, and realizes the tight combination of a glass interface and an aluminum alloy interface. Meanwhile, at the interface of the Al alloy and the brass, the interface of the brass and the titanium alloy promotes the element diffusion of the interfaces of the Al alloy and the brass, and the brass and the titanium alloy due to the hot pressing effect, and the metallurgical connection is generated to generate a compound, so that the tight connection is realized. Thereby ensuring the integral welding strength and the welding interface bonding rate of the connecting workpieces.
Example 1
The round titanium alloy with the diameter of 50mm and the thickness of 5mm is used for the experiment, the diameter of the glass is equal to that of the round titanium alloy, the thickness of the glass is 1.1mm, the diameter of the Al sheet is equal to that of the titanium alloy, and the thickness of the Al sheet is 1 mm. Before the brass and titanium alloy are equal in diameter and 1mm in thickness, Al is prepared2O3Ceramic powder is used as a spraying material, for TC4 titanium alloy, SiC sand paper and metallographic sand paper are sequentially used for mechanically polishing the section to be welded to remove a surface oxide film, and then acetone is used for removing grease. And then a silver layer with the thickness of 10 mu m is plated on the surface. Firstly, the glass surface is subjected to Al by adopting a plasma spraying technology2O3Spraying ceramic powder at a spraying distance of 12cm and a matrix temperature of 520 ℃ to form a compact Al layer2O3And (4) spraying a coating. Laminating the sprayed glass, 6061Al, brass and TC4 titanium alloy with silver-plated surface, putting the glass, the Al, the brass and the TC4 titanium alloy into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, using Ar gas as protective gas, heating to 620 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, simultaneously applying pressure of 0.3MPa, adjusting the pressure head speed by a pressure control system, ensuring that the pressing speed is 0.03mm/min, acting for 60min, realizing semi-solid connection between the glass and the Al alloy, and simultaneously promoting the Al alloy to be in semi-solid connection under the action of hot pressingAnd the brass, the brass and the titanium alloy interface generate element diffusion, and the metallurgical connection of each interface is realized. And (3) maintaining the pressure for 20min, unloading the pressure, turning off a power supply, cooling along with the furnace, observing that the obtained TC4 glass and K9 glass can reach 100 percent combination, and simultaneously, the shearing head strength can reach 21 MPa.
Example 2
The experiment used was a rectangular titanium alloy of 80x80mm length and width and 5mm thickness, glass of the same size and 1.1mm thickness, Al sheet of the same size as the titanium alloy and 1.5mm thickness. The brass and titanium alloy are the same size and 1.5mm thick. Before the experiment, Al was prepared2O3Ceramic powder is used as a spraying material, for TC4 titanium alloy, SiC sand paper and metallographic sand paper are sequentially used for mechanically polishing the section to be welded to remove a surface oxide film, and then acetone is used for removing grease. And then a silver layer with the thickness of 15 mu m is plated on the surface. Firstly, the glass surface is subjected to Al by adopting a plasma spraying technology2O3Spraying ceramic powder at a spraying distance of 12cm and a matrix temperature of 520 ℃ to form a compact Al layer2O3And (4) spraying a coating. The sprayed glass, 6061Al, brass and TC4 titanium alloy with silver plated on the surface are stacked and placed in a vacuum hot pressing furnace, Ar gas is used as protective gas, the temperature is increased to 630 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, meanwhile, 0.5MPa of pressure is applied, the pressure head speed is adjusted by a pressure control system, the pressing speed is ensured to be 0.04mm/min, the action is 50min, the semi-solid connection of the glass and the Al alloy is realized, meanwhile, the element diffusion is generated on the interfaces of the Al alloy, the brass and the titanium alloy under the action of hot pressing, and the metallurgical connection of all the interfaces is realized. And (3) maintaining the pressure for 40min, unloading the pressure, turning off a power supply, cooling along with the furnace, observing that the obtained TC4 glass and K9 glass can reach 100 percent combination, and simultaneously, the shearing head strength can reach 23 MPa.
Claims (7)
1. A titanium alloy-K9 glass composite connection method based on interlayer gradient is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pretreating the surfaces of the 6061 aluminum alloy and the brass of the middle layer;
silver plating is carried out on the surface of the titanium alloy, and then plasma spraying Al is carried out on the surface of the K9 glass2O3A ceramic;
plasma spraying Al on the surface2O3Ceramic K9 glass, aluminum alloy, brass and titanium alloy with silver plated on the surface are sequentially overlapped; putting the mixture into a vacuum, introducing Ar gas, heating to 620-635 ℃, simultaneously applying pressure of 0.2-0.8 MPa, and adjusting the pressure head speed to ensure that the pressing speed is 0.01-0.05 mm/min;
pressurizing to make the thickness of the whole workpiece be 75% -85% of the original thickness of the workpiece, and finishing the connection of the titanium alloy and the K9 glass;
keeping the pressure unchanged, stabilizing the pressure for 15-60 min, unloading the pressure, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
2. The composite joining method according to claim 1 wherein said titanium alloy, brass, 6061 aluminum alloy, and K9 glass are all bulk.
3. The composite joining method of claim 1 wherein the titanium alloy is coated with a 5-20 μm silver layer.
4. The composite joining method of claim 1 wherein said surface is plasma sprayed with Al2O3When ceramic K9 glass is laminated with 6061 aluminum alloy, brass and titanium alloy with silver-plated surface in sequence, K9 glass is sprayed with Al2O3The surface of the ceramic is connected with 6061 aluminum alloy, and the silver plating surface of the titanium alloy is connected with brass.
5. The composite connection method of claim 1, wherein the surface pretreatment of the middle layer 6061 aluminum alloy and brass specifically comprises: and (5) decontamination and oxide film removal treatment.
6. The composite joining method of claim 1 wherein said titanium alloy is TC 4.
7. An apparatus based on the method of any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a connecting rod (1), a controller (2), an image card (3), an image sensor CCD (4), an optical filter and a lens (5), a microcomputer CPU (6), a digital-analog D/A conversion card (7), an upper pressure head (9) of a vacuum autoclave, a lower pressure head (10) of the positive air autoclave and a pressure control system (11); the vacuum hot-pressing furnace upper pressure head (9) is arranged at the tail end of the connecting rod (1), the connecting rod (1) is subjected to attitude control through the controller (2), and the pressing-down and pressing-down rate control of the vacuum hot-pressing furnace upper pressure head (9) is realized through the connecting rod (1); the optical filter and the lens (5) are installed on the image sensor CCD (4), the image sensor CCD (4) is connected with the image card (3), the image signal is input into the image card (3) by the upper pressure head (9) of the vacuum autoclave under the condition of different rates collected by the image sensor CCD (4), then the image signal is input into the CPU (6) for processing, the output signal of the CPU (6) is converted into an analog signal by the digital-analog D/A conversion card (7) and is sent to the pressure system (11) for carrying out the closed-loop control of the pressure parameter of the pressing rate of the upper pressure head (9) of the vacuum autoclave.
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