CN108621537A - Hot-pressing transfer printing device and method - Google Patents
Hot-pressing transfer printing device and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108621537A CN108621537A CN201710166067.6A CN201710166067A CN108621537A CN 108621537 A CN108621537 A CN 108621537A CN 201710166067 A CN201710166067 A CN 201710166067A CN 108621537 A CN108621537 A CN 108621537A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- transfer printing
- decorative pattern
- sample
- glued membrane
- pedestal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F19/00—Apparatus or machines for carrying out printing operations combined with other operations
- B41F19/02—Apparatus or machines for carrying out printing operations combined with other operations with embossing
- B41F19/06—Printing and embossing between a negative and a positive forme after inking and wiping the negative forme; Printing from an ink band treated with colour or "gold"
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F16/00—Transfer printing apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F16/00—Transfer printing apparatus
- B41F16/0006—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band
- B41F16/0073—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band with means for printing on specific materials or products
- B41F16/008—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band with means for printing on specific materials or products for printing on three-dimensional articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F16/00—Transfer printing apparatus
- B41F16/0006—Transfer printing apparatus for printing from an inked or preprinted foil or band
- B41F16/0093—Attachments or auxiliary devices
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of hot-pressing transfer printing equipment, including upper mold, decorative pattern transfer printing board, airtight elasticity glued membrane, and pedestal, upper mold includes the first water LJ, the second water LJ and first through hole, and decorative pattern transfer printing board includes upper water LJ and lower surface, sample is set to above airtight elastic glued membrane, pedestal includes third water LJ and the 4th water LJ and the second through-hole, and airtight elasticity and is attached between sample and pedestal glued membrane sandwiched, it is characterised in that:In upper mold, first through hole runs through upper mold, and connects the first water LJ and the second water LJ;Upper water LJ in decorative pattern transfer printing board is connect with the second water LJ in upper mold, has a decorative pattern in lower surface;In pedestal, the second through-hole runs through pedestal, and connects the first water LJ and the second water LJ;And after vacuum Embosser is by being heated and being pressed for upper mold and airtight elastic glued membrane, first through hole and the second through-hole is introduced gas into or be discharged, makes airtight elastic glued membrane deformation, the decorative pattern of decorative pattern transfer printing board lower surface is transferred on sample.
Description
Technical field
The present invention provides a kind of hot-pressing transfer printing device and method, and the shape of airtight elastic glued membrane is controlled especially with pressure
Shape, to reach the device and method of the transfer pattern of height simulation quality.
Background technology
General vamp usually on surface or makes to generally form various rough flowers to increase beautiful and decoration
Line, and for pattern forming, dealer would generally be carried out using hot-pressing transfer printing equipment, and general hot-pressing transfer printing equipment is mainly arranged
There is a mold, the upper mold and lower mold which can make pairing shape by one are formed, and an example edition is allowed to be placed in mold, warp
After crossing appropriate heating and pressurization, this can be allowed to wait for that pressure-like product mold the decorative pattern such as mold shape.
A kind of continuous vacuum forming apparatus of one prior art announcement can reach saving via pull of vacuum and heat effect
Die cost and surface plastotype operation can be quickly completed, and the continuous vacuum molding for carrying out vamp cooling operations can be connected
Machine.Swager can be served as by the pressing of upper download desk, and with a pellosil in processing procedure, when using pressing mold, swager shaping
Material (waiting for pressure-like product) combined with model, and using heating device in upper download desk is arranged, the material of shaping can paste
As for the surface for waiting for pressure-like product, the decorative pattern on its model is made to be transferred to sample.Subsequently using cooling device cooling swager, wait pressing
Sample and model, detach three.It can be reduced in pressing mold using this mode, different decorative patterns is needed to make different pressures
It is the shortcomings that mould mold, swager is reusable, but the present apparatus is present in following disadvantage:One is needing to be arranged most
Heating device, cooling device are in upper download desk, not only wasting space, and waste of energy;The second is this vacuum forming only makes
Wait for that the gap caused by texture can not be by pressure between pressure-like product and model three with pressing and the molding of vacuum attraction method, swager
It closes and vacuum mode excludes, gap caused by texture is numerous because of texture complexity, therefore uses this device can not be effectively by example edition
On decorative pattern be transferred to and wait on pressure-like product.
Another prior art discloses the manufacturing method of a kind of integrally formed vamp line, three-dimensional shape.Its method includes:In advance
It will wait for pressure-like product and model heating, and air-breathing first is carried out for lower mold mesoporous, and make to be placed in the groove of lower mold and wait for pressure-like
Product can be tightly attached to the surface of lower mold, after allow model to be placed in the groove of upper mold, using upper/lower die pressing generate power,
And generated cavity after being pressed to upper/lower die makes model for waiting for using the hole of upper mold to cavity air blowing or air-breathing
Pressure-like product generate pressure, and two kinds of power make model more be tightly attached to sample, to reach the molding processes of altitude simulation.But this method is also
There are following point, when the method be only applicable to side it is flat wait for pressure-like product and model, but general known wait for pressure-like product
When forming, two sides all needs irregular decorative pattern, therefore only optionally produces;In addition, waiting for that pressure-like product are taking with lower mold
When sample detaches, also having some materials and being stained with to stick makes follow-up molding processes in the surface of lower mold also and has the situation of uneven surface
Occur, the decorative pattern on example edition is caused to be transferred to the situation for waiting for having on pressure-like product transfer incomplete.In conclusion in prior art
Lack it is a kind of can by model decorative pattern effectively, altitude simulation be transferred to the device and method waited in pressure-like product.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of hot-pressing transfer printing equipment, including upper mold, decorative pattern transfer printing board, airtight elasticity glued membrane and base
Seat, upper mold include the first water LJ, the second water LJ and first through hole, and decorative pattern transfer printing board includes upper water LJ and lower surface, by sample
It is set to above airtight elastic glued membrane, pedestal includes third water LJ and the 4th water LJ and the second through-hole, airtight elasticity glued membrane
It sandwiched and is attached between sample and pedestal, it is characterised in that:In upper mold, first through hole runs through upper mold, and connects the
One water LJ and the second water LJ;Upper water LJ in decorative pattern transfer printing board is connect with the second water LJ in upper mold, has one in lower surface
Decorative pattern;In pedestal, the second through-hole runs through pedestal, and connects the first water LJ and the second water LJ;And vacuum Embosser pass through it is right
After upper mold and airtight elastic glued membrane are heated and are pressed, introduces gas into or be discharged first through hole and second lead to
Hole makes airtight elastic glued membrane deform, the decorative pattern of decorative pattern transfer printing board lower surface is transferred on sample.
Preferably, wherein decorative pattern transfer printing board is made of porous material.
Preferably, wherein upper mold is a cover body, and four side of cover body has the wall extended toward the second water LJ, to surround the second water
LJ.
The present invention provides another vacuum hotpressing transfer method, uses such as claims 1 or 2 hot-pressing transfer printing equipment, packet
Contain:The airtight elasticity of glued membrane is provided, is that airtight elastic gum film water horizontal is placed on the faces pedestal the first water LJ;Sample is provided,
It is sequentially to stack sample on airtight elastic glued membrane;There is provided upper mold and with the decorative pattern transfer printing board linked with upper mold and cover
Above glued membrane, and make the having on patterned surface pair and sample of decorative pattern transfer printing board;One heater is provided, is by heater configuration
It is heated between decorative pattern transfer printing board and sample, and to decorative pattern transfer printing board and sample;Remove heater;Carry out hot-pressing transfer printing equipment
The pressing of upper mold and pedestal is to press upper mold and pedestal, and pass through the airtight elasticity of pressing between upper mold and pedestal
Glued membrane, which is formed, closely to be pressed and decorative pattern transfer printing board is made to be contacted with sample;It is evacuated, is by a part of quantity phase of first through hole
It is connected to the first pumping and carries out pumping stroke, another part quantity sealing;It pressurizes, is by a part of quantity phase of the second through-hole
It is connected to the second pumping and carries out pressure stroke, another part quantity sealing;By pumping and pressure stroke so that sample turns with decorative pattern
The decorative pattern on printing plate is closely bonded with sample, and is passing through pressure stroke so that airtight elasticity glued membrane and sample can be with
The decorative pattern of the lower surface of decorative pattern transfer printing board is conformal and sample can be closely bonded with the lower surface of pattern plate.It is further wrapped
Contain:The sealing for the first through hole that part quantity is sealed releases;The first through hole of another part quantity continues to be evacuated stroke;Simultaneously
Maintain sealing and the pressure stroke of the second through-hole;The first through hole of another part quantity is stopped into pumping stroke, after by original the
The a part of quantity of two through-holes seals, and another part quantity releases original state;It releases upper mold and pattern plate and glued membrane is close
The state of fitting and separation;And put the cooling sample with decorative pattern at room temperature.
Preferably, wherein heating utensil setting is heated between pattern plate and sample, and with radiant heating pattern.
Preferably, a part of quantity of wherein first through hole is mutually connected to a part of number of the first pumping pumping and the second through-hole
Before amount is mutually connected to the second pumping, first through hole and the second through-hole are all sealing state.
Preferably, wherein operation air pressure when the first pumping is evacuated is less than operating pressure when the second pumping is pressurizeed.
Preferably, wherein when can mutually be connected to the first pumping pumping by a part of quantity of first through hole, hot pressing is made to turn
Air outside printing apparatus flows through pattern plate, so that sample is cooled down by air-flow.
It is by airtight elastic glued membrane conduct using hot-pressing transfer printing equipment provided by the present invention and hot-pressing transfer printing method
Separation layer so that the indoor pressure energy of chamber keeps negative pressure to be existed simultaneously with positive pressure in a period of time so that sample is tightly attached to decorative pattern
On transfer printing board, thus can the transfer of integrality and it is undistorted, have the effect of simulation and simulation.
Use hot-pressing transfer printing equipment provided by the present invention and hot-pressing transfer printing method, the airtight elastic gum of repeatable utilization
Film has the value of environmental protection in manufacturing process.
Using hot-pressing transfer printing equipment provided by the present invention and hot-pressing transfer printing method, using short time coining needed for
Sample, and can largely manufacture, therefore have productivity and competitiveness.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be according to disclosed herein technology, indicate hot-pressing transfer printing equipment schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 be according to disclosed herein technology, indicate another embodiment schematic diagram of hot-pressing transfer printing equipment;
Fig. 3 be according to disclosed herein technology, indicate hot-pressing transfer printing method placement step schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 be according to disclosed herein technology, indicate hot-pressing transfer printing method heating stepses schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 be according to disclosed herein technology, indicate hot-pressing transfer printing method pressing step schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 be according to disclosed herein technology, indicate the pressing step another embodiment signal of hot-pressing transfer printing method
Figure;
Fig. 7 be according to disclosed herein technology, indicate hot-pressing transfer printing method forming step schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 be according to disclosed herein technology, indicate hot-pressing transfer printing method fixating shape step schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 be according to disclosed herein technology, indicate hot-pressing transfer printing method blowdown step schematic diagram;
Figure 10 be according to disclosed herein technology, indicate hot-pressing transfer printing method releasing step schematic diagram;
Figure 11 be according to disclosed herein technology, indicate hot-pressing transfer printing method separating step schematic diagram;And
Figure 12 be according to disclosed herein technology, indicate carry out hot-pressing transfer printing method separating step after, gained at
The stereogram of product.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical characteristic and advantage, can more correlative technology field personnel understood, and be able to
Implement the present invention, coordinates appended schema herein, specifically illustrates the technical characteristic and embodiment of the present invention, and enumerate preferable reality
Apply example progress explanation.It, also need not be according to express signal related with feature of present invention with the schema hereinafter compareed
It is completely drawn according to practical situation.And about involved in the explanation of this case embodiment in technology well-known to those skilled in the art
Hold, is also no longer stated.
Fig. 1 is please referred to, Fig. 1 discloses one embodiment of the invention, pendulum when disclosing a kind of hot-pressing transfer printing device A progress processing procedure
The schematic diagram put.First, as disclosed in Fig. 1, hot-pressing transfer printing device A is by upper mold 1, decorative pattern transfer printing board 2, sample 3, airtight
Elastic glued membrane 4 and pedestal 5 etc. are formed, wherein sample 3 be just be placed in hot-pressing transfer printing device A when processing procedure, in addition, plus
Hot device 7 is just to be used in follow-up process, but be also included in hot-pressing transfer printing device A.Upper mold 1 be an one end have open
Mouthful, cover body that section is ㄇ fonts, ㄇ fonts upper mold 1 is by top 11 and 12 groups of wall vertical and around top 11
At.When overlooking upper mold 1 (i.e. side view be ㄇ types) for being just put in horizontal plane, 11 plane of top is first level 13, wall 12 with it is a
Top 11 where second level 15 constitutes an accommodating space 14;In other words, include second water in accommodating space 14
Flat 15, and wall 12 is to be connect with the second level 15 and extend a distance.A decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 is configured in accommodating space 14, and
Decorative pattern 21 on decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 is the opening towards accommodating space 14, and the another side of opposite decorative pattern 21 is to be fixed in top
In 11 the second level 15;Pedestal 5 is that a platform is constituted, and in the third level 51 (upper surface) of pedestal 5, configuration one is not
Poromeric elastic glued membrane 4, this airtight elastic glued membrane 4 are smooth configurations in the third level 51 of pedestal 5;Then, in impermeable
On gas elasticity glued membrane 4, it is reconfigured a sample 3, likewise, sample 3 and smooth configuration are on airtight elastic glued membrane 4.
When upper mold 1 is engaged with pedestal 5, in upper mold 1, the opening of ㄇ font cover bodies can be engaged with the third level 51 of pedestal 5, be used
With by the accommodating space 14 in cover body formed a chamber 8 (Fig. 1 is not disclosed because chamber 8 is to carry out follow-up process can just cause,
And be shown in Fig. 5), chamber 8 is an airtight space.Pedestal 5 separately there are one opposite with third level one the 4th level 52 (under
Surface), in the present embodiment, the 4th level 52 is positioned on the objects such as horizontal table.In addition, in this present embodiment, upper mold 1
And the material of pedestal 5 can be selected according to various uses, such as metal or stainless steel material, there is no particular restriction, only wants
Chamber 8 can be made to keep closely sealed in processing procedure and the reliable material being smoothed out of processing procedure is made all may be used.
Then, upper mold 1 and pedestal 5 are respectively provided with one or more through-holes, wherein the through-hole in upper mold is known as first
There is one or more, first through hole 16 to extend through the top 11 of upper mold 1 for through-hole 16, first through hole 16 so that by housing
Space 14 is formed by a chamber 8 can be with 5 external aeration of upper mold 1 and pedestal;Through-hole in lower mold is known as the second through-hole
53, there is the second through-hole 53 one or more, the second through-hole 53 to extend through the third level 51 (upper surface) and the 4th of pedestal
Level 52 (lower surface), the second through-hole 53 is made in pedestal 5 in Fig. 1, and because facilitating exposure relationship, therefore connecting line shows and is same as
52.The production method of first through hole 16 and the second through-hole 53 is to drill in upper mold 1 and pedestal 5 or in a manner of burning, incite somebody to action
Any level of upper mold 1 and pedestal 5 is chiseled obtained.In addition, first through hole 16 and the quantity of the second through-hole 53 are one or more
It is a, so as to sequence when being evacuated and pressurizeed respectively and (pouring into gas or fluid), and first through hole 16 and the second through-hole 53
Size, shape and arrangement mode etc., not in the range that the present invention is limited, as long as coincide connect, cooperation pumps
Exhaust tube bore makes pumping that gas smoothly be inputted chamber 8.In addition, the arrangement mode of first through hole 16 is by upper level
In-plane overlooks sights, the array being made of a group geometry, and the unit arrangement mode and alignment in array are not
It limits herein, as long as gas is made uniformly to input upper mold 1.First through hole 16 and the second through-hole 53 are sealing if necessary
, accommodating space 14 forms a part of negative pressure (vacuumizing) and a part of positive pressure (is inflated) chamber 8 to make,
In, the means of sealing can use embolism or add a valve as barrier external environment.According to above-mentioned, first through hole 16 and
Second through-hole 53 can have unlatching, sealing and import three kinds of states in the present embodiment.
Then, the 21 texture pattern of decorative pattern of required transfer is previously formed in the one side of decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 by producer
On, this 21 texture pattern of decorative pattern may include any plane geometric shape, for example, circle, rectangle, triangle or collection therein
It closes, especially three-dimensional shape, for example, cylinder, pyramid, sphere, the brand Logo of company or set therein.Organism
Lines, for example, the wrinkle of human skin, pluck blood vessel lines, or braiding pattern, such as clothes knits figure, or
The Weaving pattern that rattan line is constituted all may be formed on the decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 of the present invention to form texture pattern.Decorative pattern transfer printing board 2
The tablet that material can be made of general metal plate, plastic board, earthenware slab or any polymer solids, or tool
There is the irregular shape that thermoplastic substance is constituted.Preferably, in presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, to keep negative pressure equal
It importing evenly in chamber 8, decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 is constituted using porous material, is preferably made using ceramic material,
However the pore size of porous ceramics material does not limit.
Followed by the present embodiment, decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 needs to be installed in upper mold 1 before transfer is processed
In accommodating space 14, especially it is integrally fixed in one second level 15 in accommodating space 14, and make the decorative pattern on decorative pattern transfer printing board 2
21 openings towards accommodating space 14;And decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 is fixed on the mode in the second level 15, can be fixed with bolt
(not shown), but not limited to this.In addition, decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 is fixed in one second level 15 in accommodating space 14
Mode, decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 may be selected to fit closely with upper mold 1, or maintain a gap between selection and upper mold 1, the present invention
Also it does not limit, embodiments thereof end is determined depending on the requirement to the negative pressure uniformity when manufacture.It will be apparent that the flower of the present invention
Line transfer printing board 2 is can to replace, or reuse, and be positioned in new upper mold 1.In addition, to avoid in decorative pattern transfer printing board 2
Constituent remain on sample 3, decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 be it is necessary mechanical processing learn on molding and fixating shape step, in this regard, this hair
It is bright also not limit.
Then, in the present embodiment, the material of sample 3 can be Polyurethane (Polyurethane, PU), and thickness can be
10mm~200mm.;And in a preferred embodiment, the material of sample 3 is a kind of TPU (Thermoplastic
Polyurethane, heat plasticity polyurethane) material, and include that TPU materials and a kind of fabric are pasted into integral multi-layer material,
These fabrics include that there is the nonwoven fabric, cotton or looped fabric of gas permeability to knit;Wherein, TPU materials are suitable for any leather material
Matter and raw doctor's material, hydrolysis, plasticity and elasticity preferably, but not limited to this, any thermoplasticity material such as dermatine, artificial
Plastics are all on being useful in this hot-pressing transfer printing device A, or are used in the hot-pressing transfer printing method of subsequent detailed.
Finally, airtight elastic glued membrane 4 is one of features of the present invention, and airtight elastic glued membrane 4 of the invention must have
Have that plasticity is good, extensibility is good, compactness is high and the restorative characteristics such as good, then due to must be airtight, therefore can reach airtight
Property, it is very suitable for being used as separation layer.And in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, this airtight elastic glued membrane 4 can be
A kind of silica gel coating film (Silicone Wrap), thickness can be 0.1mm~10mm.When airtight elastic glued membrane 4 configures
When in chamber 8, surrounding is pressed by the wall 12 of upper mold 1, at this point, airtight elasticity glued membrane 4 is formed in chamber 8
One layer of separation layer;Since airtight elastic glued membrane 4 has that plasticity is good, extensibility is good, compactness is high and the restorative spies such as good
Property, therefore airtight elastic glued membrane 4 can be made to generate change in shape with the pressure in chamber 8.For example, can be first to being located at
The chamber 8 of airtight 4 top of elasticity glued membrane is evacuated, so that chamber 8 forms negative pressure (for example, 10-1Torr state), and by
This negative pressure allows airtight elastic glued membrane 4 to be moved (i.e. airtight elastic glued membrane 4 can be sucked up) towards Impact direction so that position is not
Sample 3 on poromeric elastic glued membrane 4 is driven the lower surface movement towards decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 and forms contact simultaneously.Then, into one
Step pours into gas by the second through-hole 53 of the position on the pedestal 5 below airtight elastic glued membrane 4 so that airtight elasticity glued membrane
Positive pressure (such as 10atm) is formed between 4 lower sections and pedestal 5, forces airtight elastic glued membrane 4 that sample 3 can be allowed to be transferred with decorative pattern
The lower surface of version 2 is closely bonded, and by the strength of this positive pressure, can the decorative pattern 21 of decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 be fully transferred to sample
On product 3.It will be apparent that airtight elasticity glued membrane 4 is provided between sample 3 and pedestal 5, it is therefore an objective in printing process, energy
The appropriate cooperation for enough penetrating negative pressure and normal pressure, helps sample 3 to complete transfer.Therefore, airtight elastic glued membrane 4 needs foot
Enough plasticity is good and extensibility bears the active force of powerful negative pressure and normal pressure, so that configuration is in airtight elastic gum
Sample 3 on film 4 can synchronize be brought towards to the lower surface of decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 21 direction of decorative pattern movement, enable sample 3 with
The decorative pattern 21 of decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 contacts, the decorative pattern 21 on decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 to be transferred on sample 3.It will be apparent that
In the embodiment of the present invention, when the normal pressure suffered by the airtight elastic glued membrane 4 and sample 3 is bigger, decorative pattern 21 is transferred to sample 3
Simulation it is higher;The deeper three-dimensional pattern of 21 high scale of decorative pattern can be especially transferred to completely on sample 3.
In addition, after completion decorative pattern 21 is transferred to sample 3, hot-pressing transfer printing device A can remove the pressure of application, at this point,
Airtight elasticity glued membrane 4 must promptly restore to smooth in the upper surface of pedestal 5 51, while be detached with sample 3.Therefore it is airtight
Elastic glued membrane 4 need to have splendid stress tolerance, pliability and elasticity, airtight to ensure in using hot-pressing transfer printing device A
Elastic glued membrane 4 causes gas leakage and transfer to fail, and have preferable conformality because stress will not be broken and be ruptured.In addition, using
Contain additional heating processing when hot-pressing transfer printing device A, therefore the mechanical resistance of the temperature of airtight elastic glued membrane 4 and pressure
It is good, i.e., will not have because of the change of temperature and pressure and significantly change and rupture or be broken.
It, can be as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 be the result after Fig. 1 inversions in another embodiment of the present invention.In the present embodiment, it is arranged
When hot-pressing transfer printing device A, setting sequence pedestal 5, upper mold 1 from top to bottom are sequentially furnished with heater 7.Turn carrying out hot pressing
When print, this ornament can be implemented into:Grabbing device is gripped into pedestal 5, upper mold 1 is placed on horizontal table row combination again.
User can be provided when carrying out hot-pressing transfer printing method with above-mentioned hot-pressing transfer printing device A, it can be conveniently and quick
Completion printing process, in particular, can reach in decorative pattern 21, the deeper three-dimensional pattern of scale is completely and the transfer of adaptability
To sample 3, and when the normal pressure given by pedestal 5 is bigger, it more can reach scale compared with deep-treaded transferring effect;For example,
When imprinting out a pair of vamp, the deeper three-dimensional pattern transfer achievement (including decorative pattern or brand pattern) of scale can be allowed to have seen
Come seem sewing up effect.Therefore, three-dimensional good solid can be transferred out by the hot-pressing transfer printing device A of the present invention
Decorative pattern may replace traditional handicraft and (such as first cut out floral designs, then will cut out floral designs and be sewn into main body or shoe body
On) take and consumption manpower the problem of;It will be evident that the use of this hot-pressing transfer printing device A being to be not necessary to by complicated traditional processing journey
Sequence can be obtained, and recursive with this equipment mass production.In addition the hot-pressing transfer printing device A simple structure of the present invention,
Repair and replacement are convenient, therefore the actually sharp weapon of production.
Subsequent figure 3 is all Fig. 1 shown in Fig. 3 to Figure 10 by B- to the schematic diagram for the hot-pressing transfer printing method that Figure 10 is the present invention
B ' dotted lines cut after diagrammatic cross-section, and be signal the first or second through-hole tool sealing state, sealing element 9 is used in figure
In 3 to Figure 10.First, Fig. 3 is please refer to, is the storing schematic diagram of hot-pressing transfer printing equipment.As shown in figure 3, pedestal 5 is put
On the horizontal plane that one stablizes, wherein pedestal 5 is configured with multiple second through-holes 53;Later, airtight elastic glued membrane 4 is set
It sets in the upper upper horizontal surface 51 of pedestal 5, and covers multiple second through-holes 53;For example, airtight elastic 4 whole face of glued membrane is set
The edge of the upper surface 51 of pedestal 5 is set, but must assure that poromeric elastic film surface is smooth, therefore is optionally added smooth
Processing procedure, for example, side is modified to paste the edge etc. of neat substrate, so that entire transfer process is smooth.Then, sample 3 is seated in
On airtight elasticity glued membrane 4, when storing, which must assure that, smooth is placed on airtight elastic glued membrane 4.After smooth placement, it can select
Primary clean air blowing (purge) is carried out, to ensure the exposed surface free from dust contamination of sample 3.In addition, the edge of sample 3 with
Airtight elasticity glued membrane 4 is not necessarily intended to be bonded, but to keep smooth.Furthermore this step also includes that decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 is fixed
Step in the accommodating space 14 of upper mold 1, wherein decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 is to select porous ceramic material.In this implementation
In example, the mode that decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 is engaged with 1 the two of upper mold, can be that use screws togather;For example, being transferred in wall 12 and decorative pattern
Screw hole is set, and using both screw engagements, decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 at this time is molded solid-state, but combined method is not in version 2
It limits thus.In short, placement step is sequentially to stack on pedestal 5 airtight elastic glued membrane 4 with sample 3 and transfer decorative pattern
Version 2 is installed in the step in 1 wall 12 of upper mold.In addition, before the hot-pressing transfer printing device A of the present invention is started to work, including it is upper
All second through-holes 53 in all first through hole 16 or pedestal 5 on mold 1, are all closed by sealing element 9, and then
By control system (not shown in the figures) according to manufacturing process, sequentially open or close.
Then, referring to FIG. 4, it is the heating stepses schematic diagram of hot-pressing transfer printing method.As shown in figure 4, working as hot-pressing transfer printing
It, then, can be by control system one heater 7 of control (not shown in the figures), so that heating after the completion of equipment such as Fig. 3 configurations
Device 7 is configured between decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 and sample 3, therefore can be simultaneously to decorative pattern transfer printing board 2, sample 3 and airtight elastic glued membrane
4 are heated, because softening primarily directed to sample 3 and airtight elastic glued membrane 4, therefore the air line distance of heater 7 and sample 3 compared with
Closely.In the present embodiment, the interior upper mold 1 containing decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 is that (figure is not by gripping tools such as mechanical arm or suspenders
Show) crawl is in the air, in addition, heater 7 is also arranged using hang, in this regard, the present invention is not limited thereto.In this hair
In bright embodiment, heater 7 is to transfer heat to decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 and sample 3 in a manner of radiating and transmit.Because being exposed to
The decorative pattern 21 and 3 the two of sample on mainly decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 in air, wherein sample 3 is relatively spent at a distance from heater 7
Decorative pattern 21 on line transfer printing board 2 is close, therefore heating stepses are the surface heating that air is exposed to sample 3, and heat small part is transmitted
To decorative pattern transfer printing board 2.In addition, when heating stepses heat sample 3,3 surface of sample can be softened, make its with the decorative pattern after heating
When 21 contact, the decorative pattern 21 of decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 can be completely embedded into.General known heating source, such as mercury can be used in heater 7
Lamp, ultraviolet lamp, infrared lamp or LED light, it is possible to use heating wire or scorching hot metal are as heat source.Heating temperature,
Heating time also forms according to the material of sample 3 and adjusts, if for example, when sample 3 is TPU materials, heating temperature is Celsius 70
Degree is to 160 degree Celsius;If be dermatine, heating temperature is 120 degree to 200 degree Celsius Celsius or more, the two material
Heating time is set as between 5 seconds to 20 seconds.What heating time and temperature can also be a kind of continuity time holds temperature, or has not
There is the thermal history of different temperatures height variation with the time.Because using radiation mode, therefore heater 7 can't touch decorative pattern transfer
Version 2 and sample 3.Heating stepses, which are not limited under confined space and negative pressure state, to carry out, and carries out also may be used in an atmosphere.User
Heating time can be adjusted according to the surface morphology of decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 and sample 3, heating temperature and pawl take device and heat source away from
From.In short, heating stepses are the step that decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 and 3 surface of sample are heated and softened, when can make subsequently to press
Phase can be completely embedded into the decorative pattern 21 of decorative pattern transfer printing board 2.
Followed by referring to FIG. 5, it is the pressing step of hot-pressing transfer printing method.As shown in figure 5, control system (is not shown
In figure) upper mold 1 completed by heating stepses is pressed to down on the pedestal 5 with airtight elastic glued membrane 4, so that
Wall 12 in mold 1 is pressed with the airtight elastic glued membrane 4 on 5 upper surface 51 of pedestal so that the accommodating space 14 of upper mold 1 can
To form a closely sealed chamber 8, and in chamber 8, the surface of sample 3 is kept with the decorative pattern 21 on decorative pattern transfer printing board 2
Contact;Wherein, upper mold 1 and 5 upper surface of pedestal, 51 pressing mode can be using general known pressing mode, the present invention
It does not limit;And in the preferred embodiment, it is by upper mold by upper mold 1 and 5 bonding processes of pedestal
Airtight elastic glued membrane 4 is pressed between 1 and pedestal 5 to form the effect closely pressed.In addition, in an embodiment of the present invention,
Because sample 3 is not covered in all on airtight elastic glued membrane 4, therefore on the one hand can sample 3 be configured to the upper mold
Wall 12 adjacent sidewalls, so that the surface of sample 3 is kept in contact with the decorative pattern 21 on decorative pattern transfer printing board 2.In addition,
Another embodiment can be selected, as shown in fig. 6, since sample 3 is the airtight elastic glued membrane that whole face is covered on pedestal 5
4, and both sample 3 and airtight elastic glued membrane 4 edge patch are neat, thus the side wall of wall 12 be will not be with the contact aside of sample 3
's.In another embodiment of the present invention (picture does not disclose), the surface of decorative pattern transfer plate 2 or entirety are not engaged with sample 3
, it implies that and keeps gap among the quasi- printing forme of decorative pattern and sample, if because this processing procedure directly engages the two, decorative pattern transfer plate may be caused
Upper spot is passed to and is bonded on sample, this spot binded, which can be covered by sample, in follow-up process makes sample deformations shadow
Ring hot-pressing transfer printing.The present embodiment is using the positive heat release pressure transfer apparatus such as Fig. 1, if the inversion hot-pressing transfer printing using Fig. 2 is set
When standby, also mode as described above engages joint sequency.
Preferably, when the placement step stated on the implementation and pressing step, preferably in toilet (cleanroom) into
Row enters in airtight elastic glued membrane 4, sample 3 or decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 to avoid dust is dirty, prevents transfer from failing.
In addition, when implementing placement step, heating stepses and pressing step, the first through hole 16 on mold 1 and the second through-hole on pedestal 5
53 be all that sealing state is presented.
Followed by referring to FIG. 7, it is the forming step schematic diagram of hot-pressing transfer printing method, wherein arrow is shown at this
Gas flow direction in embodiment.As shown in fig. 7, pressurizeing (to pour into gas or stream via the second through-hole 53 in pedestal 5
Body formed positive pressure) and upper mold 1 in first through hole 16 pumping decompression (form negative pressure);Wherein, in through upper mold 1
First through hole 16 is evacuated so that be located at 4 top of airtight elastic glued membrane chamber 8 and sample 3 and decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 it
Between gap form negative pressure, and so that sample 3 is fitted to the surface of decorative pattern 21 by this negative pressure.Especially it is noted that by
In decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 be that selection is made with porous ceramic material, thus can under the situation of 8 negative pressure of chamber, while
Negative pressure is formed between decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 and sample 3, and sample 3 is contacted with the decorative pattern 21 on decorative pattern transfer printing board 2.
Then, it pressurizes to the second through-hole of a part 53 in pedestal 5, and second through-hole 53 of another part then keeps closing, institute
Therefore it can further push and drive airtight so that positive pressure can be formed with airtight elastic glued membrane 4 in 5 upper surface 51 of pedestal
Elastic glued membrane 4 is moved toward the direction of the decorative pattern 21 on decorative pattern transfer printing board 2, while driving the sample being located on airtight elastic glued membrane 4
Product 3 related can also move and be tightly attached on the decorative pattern 21 of decorative pattern transfer printing board 2;In particular, when the positive pressure pressure value given is bigger,
More the decorative pattern 21 of decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 can be transferred to sample 3 completely.In addition, for forming the sequence of pressure, elder generation can be selected
After forming negative pressure, positive pressure is then re-formed;Negative pressure can also be selected to be formed simultaneously with positive pressure;In this regard, the present invention is not limited
System.
In the present embodiment, the means of pressurization (forming positive pressure) and pumping (forming negative pressure) are carried out by pumping, can
Via the switching of general known pump mode, with the means pressurizeed and be evacuated, the type of pumping is not in institute of the present invention
In the range of limitation, piston pump, plunger pump, gear pump and helicoidal pump are all applicable to the present invention.It is preferably in the present embodiment
Use plunger pump.If needing the pressure of bigger, other than above-mentioned pumping, more usable hydraulic pumping or hydraulic piston
Device is to obtain the pressure of bigger.The adjustment of pressure also must be considered that airtight elastic glued membrane 4 and sample 3, for example, the present embodiment
In, if the material of airtight elasticity glued membrane 4 is silica gel, when the material of sample 3 is TPU, using general pumping side when pumping
Pu, it is 10 to be evacuated the pressure used-3To 10-6Torr (Bristol), the pressure used of pressurizeing is 5 to 10atm (atmospheric pressure).
When carrying out pumping and pressure stroke, the first through hole 16 on mold 1 and the second through-hole 53 on pedestal 5 have difference
Implementation state.It in one embodiment, can be respectively by the majority of upper mold 1 if be evacuated by the first through hole 16 in mold 1
One in first through hole 16 or a part form sealing state using sealing element 9, then by another part first through hole 16
Be evacuated so that the gap between the chamber 8 and sample 3 and decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 of airtight elasticity glued membrane 4 top formed it is negative
Pressure;It, can be respectively by one or one in the second through-hole 53 of majority of pedestal 5 if pressurizeed by the second through-hole 53 in pedestal 5
Part forms sealing state using sealing element 9, then is pressurizeed by second through-hole 53 of another part, so that 5 upper table of pedestal
Face 51 forms positive pressure with airtight elastic glued membrane 4;Wherein, the first through hole 16 or of the part of above-mentioned exposure or another part
The quantity of two through-holes 53 and position, the present invention is not specified or limits.In addition, above-mentioned first through hole 16 or the second through-hole
53 can be all connected to a pumping, or the different pumpings of connection via same pipeline, and give different pressure, also can be
It is all connected to a pumping via different pipelines, then is regulated and controled via valve, the first through hole 16 or second of different piece is given
53 pressure of through-hole or above-mentioned pumping connection all may be used with the combination that valve is constituted.The purpose of this step is to be introduced to bear by upper mold 1
It is pressed into chamber 8, and positive pressure is introduced by pedestal 5, airtight elastic glued membrane 4 and sample 3 is made to enter in chamber 8.And it is above-mentioned this
A bit by control first through hole 16 and sealing and the open state of the second through-hole 53, and start pumping to form positive pressure or bear
During pressure, it can be executed using a controller or a control group, such as:Use a programmable controller
(Programmable Logic Controller, abbreviation PLC), or utilize multiple programmable controller groups, come control positive pressure and
The formation of negative pressure.
Then, referring to FIG. 8, being the fixating shape step schematic diagram of hot-pressing transfer printing method, wherein arrow is shown in this implementation
Gas flow direction in example.As shown in figure 8, in fixating shape step, the pressurization of pedestal 5 (is formed just with pouring into gas or fluid
Pressure) state is maintenance, but upper mold 1 changes the operation mode of first through hole 16 or the second through-hole 53.In the present embodiment
In, in forming step, upper mold 1 is released from the first through hole 16 of sealing state in this forming step, and unlatching is presented
State forms a gas flow in the chamber 8 above airtight elastic glued membrane 4, and the air of external environment is opened via presentation
The hole opened in the first through hole 16 of state, decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 is drawn in pumping, and the gas of external environment is compared with the temperature in chamber 8
Spend it is low, therefore the heat in chamber 8 can pass to the external environment in decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 gas and by heat bring to decorative pattern transfer
Outside version 2, the bulk temperature in chamber 8 will reduce.Bulk temperature in chamber 8 reduces, and makes sample 3 and airtight elastic glued membrane
4 coolings, and then shape.It will be apparent that this step purpose is sample 3 and decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 in cooling cavities 8, to avoid sample
During demoulding, generation is stained with glutinous, causes the flaw of product for product 3 and decorative pattern transfer printing board 2.
Fig. 9 is please then refer to, is the blowdown step of hot-pressing transfer printing method.As shown in figure 9, in this step, in upper mold 1
First through hole 16 be all controlled so as to as open state, and make the sample 3 in cooling cavities 8 and decorative pattern transfer printing board 2
Temperature reduces;Then, control system control pumping (not shown in the figures) stops pressurization, and will keep sealing state in pedestal 5
The second through-hole 53 open, since pressure is more than 1atm in chamber 8, therefore chamber 8 can natural pressure release so that is pressed in chamber 8
Power reduces, and then airtight elastic glued membrane 4 is driven to become the flat condition (original state) before deformation again.Sample 3 is cold at this time
But it shapes, therefore the pattern as when carrying out blowdown step can be maintained.It will be apparent that the purpose of this step is to pressurize by termination
Means so that airtight elasticity glued membrane 4 becomes the flat condition before deformation again, and make the part imprinted on sample 3 with it is airtight
Elastic glued membrane 4 detaches.
Figure 10 is refer again to, is the releasing step schematic diagram of hot-pressing transfer printing method.As shown in Figure 10, this step is by controlling
System (not shown in the figures) detaches upper mold 1 with pedestal 5.After mold 1 is detached with pedestal 5, airtight elasticity glued membrane 4 is
It becomes flat condition again, is flatly fitted in the upper surface 51 of pedestal 5, and cooled and sizing sample 3, then because of 3, sample
The weight of body and detached with decorative pattern transfer printing board 2, and fall on airtight elastic glued membrane 4.In addition, to protect with the sample of cooling and shaping
Product 3, path when user captures with gripping tool avoid decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 from being touched with sample 3 most preferably perpendicular to pedestal 5
Damage does harm to sample 3.After this step, its decorative pattern to be transferred (decorative pattern 21 i.e. on decorative pattern transfer printing board 2) can be obtained in user
It is formed on sample 3.After this step carries out, decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 preferably continues to be entrenched in upper mold 1, or it is taken out
Storage cabinet position is seated in so that next time uses, gripping tool can continue to hold upper mold 1 and lay equal stress on re-heat pressure transfer method, and a large amount of
Manufacture.The time for carrying out this hot-pressing transfer printing method is about one to five minute, and processing procedure is quickly and convenient using material, can operate with work
Factory largely manufactures when being machined, therefore has industry applications and commercial value.
Figure 11 is please then refer to, is the separating step schematic diagram of hot-pressing transfer printing method.As shown in figure 11, this step is hot pressing
The final step of transfer method, at this time sample 3 detach and fallen on airtight elastic glued membrane 4 with decorative pattern transfer printing board 2.It connects
It, as shown in figure 12, after the separating step for indicating progress hot-pressing transfer printing method, the stereogram of gained finished product.In addition, in the present invention
Another preferred embodiment in, during avoiding hot-pressing transfer printing, sample 3 and airtight elastic glued membrane 4 are glutinous there may be being stained with, therefore
Can be on the face that sample 3 is contacted with airtight elastic glued membrane 4, with further one layer of bottom liner, this bottom liner can be that one kind is not knitted
Cloth, can be glutinous there may be being stained with to avoid sample 3 and airtight elastic glued membrane 4 via non-woven cloth layer.This embodiment is walked in this separation
It is to remove sample 3 and airtight elastic glued membrane 4, the combination shape for retaining nonwoven fabric and sample 3 is formed when carrying out stripping stroke suddenly
Finished product.Finished product in the use of rear tool optionally with 3 layer separation of sample, with prevent residue glue reside in 3 layers of sample (really
Patterned layer), non-woven cloth layer itself also have prevent the remaining effect of viscose.The purpose of this step be by sample 3 with it is airtight
Elastic glued membrane 4 detaches.
According to method of the present invention, via above-mentioned heating stepses, pressing step, pumping, pressurization steps, cooling and shaping
After step, blowdown step and depressurization steps, the subtle texture pattern on the decorative pattern 21 on decorative pattern transfer printing board 2 can completely be transferred
It, can be by the hot-pressing transfer printing device A of the present invention especially when the texture on decorative pattern 21 is subtleer or more depth to sample 3
Structure pressurizes to the second through-hole 53 in pedestal 5 and has formed normal pressure, and airtight elastic glued membrane 4 can be allowed to be tightly attached to flower
Therefore line transfer printing board 2 can also allow sample 3 of the configuration on airtight elastic glued membrane 4 that can also be tightly attached to the flower of decorative pattern transfer printing board 2
On line 21;Therefore there is the incomplete problem of style pattern transfer compared to prior art, it is evident that the present invention is via airtight bullet
Property glued membrane 4 be used as separation layer so that pressure energy in chamber 8 keeps negative pressure to be existed simultaneously with positive pressure in a period of time so that sample
Product 3 are tightly attached on decorative pattern transfer printing board 2, thus can the transfer of integrality and it is undistorted.It is simple using equipment when processing, and make quick
Can mass production, therefore for all over the body tool value invention.
The foregoing is merely the various embodiments of the present invention, are not limited to the interest field of the present invention;More than simultaneously
Description, the special personage of correlative technology field should can be illustrated and be implemented, thus other without departing from it is disclosed it
The lower equivalent change or modification completed of spirit, should be included in claim.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of hot-pressing transfer printing equipment, including upper mold, decorative pattern transfer printing board and pedestal, the upper mold includes the first water LJ, the
Two water LJ and first through hole through the first water LJ and the second water LJ, and the upper mold is a cover body, cover body four
Side has the wall extended toward the second water LJ, and to surround the second water LJ, the decorative pattern transfer printing board includes upper water LJ under
Surface, and the upper water LJ in the decorative pattern transfer printing board is connect and with the second water LJ in the upper mold under described
It includes third water LJ and the 4th water LJ that surface, which has a floral designs, the pedestal, it is characterised in that:
In the pedestal, further configuration runs through the second through-hole of the third water LJ and the 4th water LJ of the pedestal;And
Airtight elasticity glued membrane, is disposed on the third water LJ of the pedestal;
Wherein after the upper mold is completed to combine with the airtight elastic glued membrane and the pedestal so that the upper mold with
Chamber is formed between the airtight elastic glued membrane, by the airtight elastic glued membrane as separation layer so that chamber is indoor
Pressure energy keeps negative pressure to be existed simultaneously with positive pressure in a period of time so that sample is tightly attached on the floral designs.
2. hot-pressing transfer printing equipment as described in claim 1, wherein the decorative pattern transfer printing board is made of porous material.
3. hot-pressing transfer printing equipment as described in claim 1, wherein the airtight elastic glued membrane is a kind of silica gel material.
4. a kind of vacuum hotpressing transfer method uses hot-pressing transfer printing equipment as described in claim 1, vacuum hotpressing transfer side
Method includes:
The airtight elastic glued membrane is provided, is that the airtight elastic gum film water horizontal is placed on the faces pedestal the first water LJ;
Sample is provided, is sequentially to stack the sample on the airtight elastic glued membrane;
One heater is provided, is by the heater configuration between the decorative pattern transfer printing board and the sample, and to the flower
Line transfer printing board is heated with the sample;
Remove the heater;
It is pressed, is to engage the upper mold with the pedestal, wherein by pressing institute between upper mold and the pedestal
It states airtight elastic glued membrane and forms close pressing,
It is evacuated, is that a part of quantity of the first through hole is mutually connected to the first pumping to carry out pumping stroke,
Another part quantity sealing, so as to form negative pressure between the airtight elastic glued membrane and the upper mold;
It pressurizes, a part of quantity of second through-hole, which is mutually connected to the second pumping, carries out pressure stroke, another part number
Amount sealing, so as to form normal pressure between the airtight elastic glued membrane and the pedestal;By the pumping and pressure stroke,
So that the sample is closely bonded with the floral designs on the decorative pattern transfer printing board with the sample, and add by described
Press stroke so that the airtight elastic glued membrane can be total with the floral designs of the lower surface of the decorative pattern transfer printing board with the sample
Shape, and the sample can be closely bonded with the lower surface of the pattern plate.
5. hot-pressing transfer printing method as claimed in claim 4, further includes:
The sealing of the first through hole of part quantity sealing is released, the first through hole of another part quantity continues pumping row
Journey;Sealing and the pressure stroke of second through-hole are maintained simultaneously;
The first through hole of another part quantity is stopped into pumping stroke, after a part of quantity of original second through-hole is close
Envelope, another part quantity release original state;
It releases the state that the upper mold and the pattern plate and the glued membrane fit closely and detaches;And
Put the cooling sample with decorative pattern at room temperature.
6. vacuum hotpressing transfer method as claimed in claim 4, wherein when being pressed, the wall contact is described airtight
Elastic glued membrane.
7. vacuum hotpressing transfer method as claimed in claim 4, wherein passing through pressure between the upper mold and the pedestal
It closes the airtight elastic glued membrane formation to fit closely, and the floral designs on the decorative pattern transfer plate is made to be connect with the sample
It touches.
8. vacuum hotpressing transfer method as claimed in claim 4, wherein passing through pressure between the upper mold and the pedestal
It closes the airtight elastic glued membrane formation to fit closely, and in pumping process, makes the floral designs on the decorative pattern transfer plate
It is contacted with the sample.
9. vacuum hotpressing transfer method as claimed in claim 4, wherein operation air pressure when the first pumping pumping is small
Operating pressure when the second pumping pressurization.
10. vacuum hotpressing transfer method as claimed in claim 4, wherein being to introduce hot-pressing transfer printing by the first through hole to set
Standby outer air, to flow through the big air cooling sample in decorative pattern transfer plate.
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CN110983701A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-10 | 陈泳佑 | Non-woven fabric forming equipment and non-woven fabric forming method thereof |
CN111574933A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-25 | 江苏罗化新材料有限公司 | Preparation method and manufacturing equipment of coarsened atomization film and mini LED packaging method |
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