CN108620101B - Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及光催化分解有机污染物处理技术，尤其涉及Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂及制备方法，该催化剂将Ag纳米颗粒沉积在PbBiO2Cl纳米片表面，该制备方法为：水热合成法制备PbBiO2Cl纳米片；利用光还原法将Ag纳米颗粒沉积在PbBiO2Cl纳米片表面。本发明将Ag纳米颗粒与PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合，Ag作为光生电子的载体，能够有效提高光生电子空穴分离效率，从而提高PbBiO2Cl纳米片的光催化效率。当Ag的浓度为0.5wt%时，其光催化降解有机物甲基橙性能最佳，是纯PbBiO2Cl纳米片光催化性能的3.6倍。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光催化技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于光催化分解有机污染物的Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂及制备方法。
背景技术
随着现代工业的发展，环境污染越来越严重。光催化分解有机污染物，是一种利用太阳能的绿色技术。铋系半导体氧化物，由于其结构的丰富性、合适的价带和导带位置，满足有机物分解的潜在要求。其中，PbBiO2Cl的带隙为2.45 eV，能够充分吸收可见光。此外，PbBiO2Cl的[BiPbO2] 和 [Cl] 层间形成的内电场利于电子的转移。因此，PbBiO2Cl有望成为一种高效率的可见光光催化剂。
另一方面，光生电子空穴容易复合。目前一些研究者利用石墨烯、金、银、铂等与半导体复合，能够有效降低电子-空穴复合率。其中，Ag是一种优异的导体，强的电子转移力，与半导体复合后，能够将半导体表面的电子转移到Ag表面。然而，助催化剂分布不够均匀及纳米颗粒团聚严重，影响了复合光催化剂的性能。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种成本较低、效率高的Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂及制备方法。
为达上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂，包括有Ag纳米颗粒、PbBiO2Cl纳米片、Ag纳米颗粒沉积在PbBiO2Cl纳米片表面。
较佳地，所述的Ag纳米颗粒尺寸为25 nm。
较佳地，所述的PbBiO2Cl纳米片厚度为10 nm。
较佳地，所述的Ag纳米颗粒的浓度为0.5 wt%。
一种Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
S1，利用水热合成法制备PbBiO2Cl纳米片；
S2，利用光还原法将Ag纳米颗粒沉积在PbBiO2Cl纳米片表面。
较佳地，所述步骤S2具体为：将S1中制备好的1 mmol PbBiO2Cl纳米片超声分散在30 mL 去离子水中，一定比例的AgNO3（Ag的含量为0.25、0.5 和 0.75 wt%）添加到上述悬浊液中，接着用500 W的氙灯照射3小时，随后将悬浊液离心，得到的粉体用去离子水和酒精清洗，最后在80 ℃烘干2小时。
本发明将Ag纳米颗粒与PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合，Ag作为电子的转移体，能够有效分离电子空穴，提高PbBiO2Cl纳米片的光催化效率。当Ag的浓度为0.5 wt%时，其光催化分解有机物性能最佳，是PbBiO2Cl纳米片的3.6倍。Ag复合过程中，添加聚乙二醇利于助催化剂分布均匀及降低纳米颗粒团聚。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例制备Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂的场发射扫描电子显微镜图；
图2为本发明实施例制备Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂用于分解有机污染物甲基橙的效率图；
图3为本发明实施例制备Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂的光致发光谱图；
图4为本发明实施例的光催化分解有机物的机理图。
具体实施方式
为更好地理解本发明，下面将结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明，参见图1至图4：
按本发明实施的Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂，进一步提高PbBiO2Cl纳米片的光催化效率，其材料由PbBiO2Cl纳米片表面沉积Ag纳米颗粒制得。Ag纳米颗粒尺寸为25nm，PbBiO2Cl纳米片厚度为10 nm。图1为本发明实施例制备Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂的场发射扫描电子显微镜图，从图1可看出，Ag纳米颗粒较均匀地分布在PbBiO2Cl纳米片表面。
按本发明实施的Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，利用水热合成法制备PbBiO2Cl纳米片：首先将0.5 mmol Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、0.5mmol Pb(NO3)2和0.5 mmol 十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶解在 20 mL无水乙醇中，接着将5 mL氨水添加到上述溶液中搅拌30分钟，随后将混合溶液倒入50 mL水热反应釜中，然后在190℃加热12小时。将离心后的沉淀物用去离子水和酒精清洗3次，最后在70℃烘干12小时。
S2，利用光还原法将Ag纳米颗粒沉积在PbBiO2Cl纳米片表面。将S1中制备好的1mmol PbBiO2Cl纳米片超声分散在含有1 mL聚乙二醇的30 mL 去离子水中，一定比例的AgNO3（Ag的含量为0.25、0.5 和 0.75 wt%）添加到上述悬浊液中，接着用500 W的氙灯照射3小时，随后将悬浊液离心，得到的粉体用去离子水和酒精清洗，最后在80 ℃烘干2小时。
通过分解有机污染物甲基橙来表征Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合物的光催化性能，以甲基橙在464 nm处的吸收峰来表征其浓度。将50mg的Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合物放入50mL浓度为10mg/L的甲基橙溶液中黑暗下搅拌1小时，随后用可见光照射溶液，每隔30分钟取一次溶液，并测量溶液的浓度。其结果如图2所示。从图2中可以得出，当Ag的浓度为0.5 wt%时，其光催化分解有机物性能最佳，是纯PbBiO2Cl纳米片的3.6倍。
图3为所制备的催化剂材料的光致发光光谱，从图中可以看出，PbBiO2Cl纳米片于Ag复合后，其发光强度降低。这表明光生电子空穴复合率降低。
如图4，本发明工作机理为：Ag纳米颗粒与PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合后，Ag作为电子的转移体，能够有效分离电子空穴，提高PbBiO2Cl纳米片的光催化效率。因此，Ag与PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合后能够有效提高其光催化性能。
Claims (4)
1.一种Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：S1，利用水热合成法制备PbBiO2Cl纳米片：首先将0.5 mmol Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、 0.5 mmol Pb(NO3)2和0.5 mmol十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶解在20 mL无水乙醇中，接着将5 mL氨水添加到上述溶液中搅拌30分钟，随后将混合溶液倒入50 mL水热反应釜中，然后在190℃加热12小时；将离心后的沉淀物用去离子水和酒精清洗3次，最后在70℃烘干12小时；S2，利用光还原法将Ag纳米颗粒沉积在PbBiO2Cl纳米片表面；将S1中制备好的1mmol PbBiO2Cl纳米片超声分散在含有1 mL聚乙二醇的30 mL去离子水中，一定比例的AgNO3添加到上述悬浊液中，其中Ag的含量为0.5 wt%，接着用500 W的氙灯照射3小时，随后将悬浊液离心，得到的粉体用去离子水和酒精清洗，最后在80 ℃烘干2小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法制备的Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂，其特征在于：包括有PbBiO2Cl纳米片、Ag纳米颗粒，Ag纳米颗粒沉积在PbBiO2Cl纳米片表面。
3.根据权利要求2所述的Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂，其特征在于：所述的PbBiO2Cl纳米片厚度为10 nm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的Ag/PbBiO2Cl纳米片复合光催化剂，其特征在于：所述的Ag纳米颗粒尺寸为25 nm，Ag纳米颗粒均匀分散在厚度为10 nm PbBiO2Cl纳米片表面。
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