CN108615523B - 调节反馈有源控制系统水床效应的频域自适应方法 - Google Patents

调节反馈有源控制系统水床效应的频域自适应方法 Download PDF

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CN108615523B
CN108615523B CN201810453363.9A CN201810453363A CN108615523B CN 108615523 B CN108615523 B CN 108615523B CN 201810453363 A CN201810453363 A CN 201810453363A CN 108615523 B CN108615523 B CN 108615523B
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active control
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吴礼福
陈定
李佳强
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Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
    • G10K11/17821—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the input signals only
    • G10K11/17823—Reference signals, e.g. ambient acoustic environment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
    • G10K11/17821—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the input signals only
    • G10K11/17825—Error signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17879—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10—Applications
    • G10K2210/108—Communication systems, e.g. where useful sound is kept and noise is cancelled
    • G10K2210/1081—Earphones, e.g. for telephones, ear protectors or headsets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3028—Filtering, e.g. Kalman filters or special analogue or digital filters

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种反馈有源控制系统的频域自适应方法，该方法可对水床效应导致的噪声放大现象进行有效的调节。包括以下步骤：(1)初始化反馈有源控制系统的控制器系数w(n)；(2)对w(n)在某些频段内的幅度响应进行限制，即增加约束条件|W(k)|2＜θ(k)，(3)将
Figure DSA0000163659600000011
加入频域代价函数得到新的代价函数为
Figure DSA0000163659600000012
依据最速下降法和新代价函数得w(n)的更新方式，即
Figure DSA0000163659600000013

Description

调节反馈有源控制系统水床效应的频域自适应方法
一、技术领域
本发明涉及反馈有源控制系统的自适应方法，该方法可以对水床效应进行有效调节。
二、背景技术
随着经济、社会的快速发展，噪声污染已成为一大严峻的环境问题，有源噪声控制(Active noise control，ANC)是一种通过主动产生的次级声信号与原噪声信号相互作用的方式而达到降噪效果的方法。反馈有源控制系统无需获取参考信号，系统构造简单，成本低廉，具有重要的应用前景。然而，反馈系统也有自身的不足，一是有效降噪频带较窄，二是系统稳定性较差，三是存在水床效应，即不同频段的噪声衰减特性不是孤立的，一个频段内的噪声衰减通常伴随着另一频段内的噪声放大。
目前，反馈有源控制系统的设计方法可分为两类，一类是离线设计方法，例如运用H∞的鲁棒控制理论设计反馈系统、基于H2/H∞的优化方法设计反馈系统。离线设计方法的主要思想是构造一个和系统降噪性能有关的代价函数与约束条件，然后根据此代价函数，通过某种优化算法计算出控制器。然而，这些设计中采用的优化算法通常都不能保证寻找到的就是最优解，一般来说优化算法对初始值的选择都较为敏感，实际设计中通常需要足够的经验和多次尝试才能获得满意的控制器参数。此外，这类方法不具有自适应能力，即离线设计好的反馈系统不能随着环境的变化而自适应调整。另一类是在线设计方法，例如，采用小波包分解噪声信号的方法调整反馈控制系统的控制器，这些方法虽然可以根据环境的变化而自适应调整，但是他们都没有明确考虑反馈系统中自身固有的水床效应引起的噪声放大现象。
三、发明内容
1、发明目的：
为了克服反馈有源控制系统离线设计方法的不足，同时考虑噪声放大现象，本发明直接限制控制器在某个频段内的幅度响应来调节该频段内的噪声放大量，在获取降噪性能的同时，能有效调节水床效应引起的噪声放大。
2、技术方案：
(1)直接限制控制器W(k)在某个频段内的幅度响应，即增加如下约束
|W(k)|2＜θ(k) (1)
其中W(k)是w(n)的离散傅里叶变换的第k个系数，即
Figure BSA0000163659620000021
此处，w(n)是一个L阶FIR(Finite Impulse Response)控制滤波器，即w(n)＝[w0(n)，w1(n)，...wL-1(n)]T，fk＝[0 e-j2πkL...e-j2π(L-1)kL]T是离散傅里叶变换矩阵的第k个列矢量。
(2)定义代价函数为
Figure BSA0000163659620000022
其中0＜λ＜1是“惩罚因子”，
Figure BSA0000163659620000023
(3)依据最速下降法可以求得式(3)决定的w的更新方式为
Figure BSA0000163659620000024
IFFT是快速离散傅立叶反变换。
3、有益效果：本发明的显著特点是技术方案(2)中定义的目标函数既考虑了反馈有源控制系统的降噪性能(由E[eT(n)e(n)]决定)，又加入了与噪声放大相关的约束(由
Figure BSA0000163659620000025
决定)。与现有技术相比，本发明直接限制控制器在某个频段内的幅度响应来调节该频段内的噪声放大量，将控制器某个频段内的幅度响应小于指定阈值作为约束条件，并将其作为“惩罚项”与误差信号能量相加得到代价函数。其有益效果在于本发明既是一种自适应的方法，可以根据环境的变化而自适应调整w(n)，又能对反馈系统中的噪声放大现象进行调节。
四、附图说明
图1是反馈有源控制系统的自适应设计方法。
图2是有源降噪耳机实验示意图。
图3是本发明与现有方法的实验对比结果
五、具体实施方式
下面以单通道有源降噪耳机的实验对本发明做说明。
1.实验设置
将市场上购买的有源降噪耳机拆解后，引出参考传声器，误差传声器，次级源的信号线，保持耳机整个结构不变。按照图2所示在全消声室中搭建信号采集系统，耳机佩戴到B&K公司的人工头(4182C)上后，将耳机的参考传声器、误差传声器经过传声器前放后连接到B&K公司的PULSE，PULSE一方面将参考信号，误差信号与次级源信号输送到电脑，另一方面也给扬声器(噪声源)提供信号。
2.结果与讨论
实验结果如图3所示，对比图中方框内的结果可以看出，“现有方法”最大有约9dB的噪声放大，而本发明所提的方法最大只有3dB噪声放大。与“现有”方法相比，本发明所提方法能够更为直接精确地对控制器系数施加约束，从而在降噪量与某个频段内的噪声放大量之间做好调节。

Claims (1)

1.一种能调节反馈有源控制系统水床效应的频域自适应方法，其特征在于：
(1)直接限制控制器W(k)在某个频段内的幅度响应，即增加如下约束
|W(k)|2＜θ(k) (1)
其中W(k)是w(n)的离散傅里叶变换的第k个系数，即
Figure FSB0000199566850000011
此处，w(n)是一个L阶FIR控制滤波器，即w(n)＝[w0(n)，w1(n)，...wL-1(n)]T，fk＝[0e-j2πk/L...e-j2π(L-1)k/L]T是离散傅里叶变换矩阵的第k个列矢量；
(2)定义代价函数为
Figure FSB0000199566850000012
其中0＜λ＜1是“惩罚因子”，
Figure FSB0000199566850000013
(3)依据最速下降法可以求得式(3)决定的w的更新方式为
Figure FSB0000199566850000014
IFFT是快速离散傅立叶反变换。
CN201810453363.9A 2018-05-08 2018-05-08 调节反馈有源控制系统水床效应的频域自适应方法 Expired - Fee Related CN108615523B (zh)

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