CN108614088A - A method of it is missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil - Google Patents
A method of it is missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN108614088A CN108614088A CN201810373732.3A CN201810373732A CN108614088A CN 108614088 A CN108614088 A CN 108614088A CN 201810373732 A CN201810373732 A CN 201810373732A CN 108614088 A CN108614088 A CN 108614088A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil, it is characterised in that：The area of observation coverage is selected according to research contents, acquire and test the background value of the various rare earth elements of the selected area of observation coverage, it selects tracer rare earth element and calculates burst size, it prepares tracer soil sample and is laid by " strip coating method+method of section ", marking topsoil position, selected rare earth element content after the observation phase is acquired and tested, soil underground wastage is calculated and analyze.The present invention utilizes rare earth element tracer Karst Area soil losses/leakage, can quantify the contribution for defining that Karst Rocky Desertification area soil surface is lost in and underground is missed, and has general applicability, accuracy high, easy to operate in karst.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the soil erosions and water and soil conservation, environmental science, and in particular to a kind of to be shown using rare earth element
The method of track karst soil leakage.
Background technology
Long-term karstification cause karst landform occur earth's surface that multistage many places combine as a whole with water, soil, rock and biology,
Underground double-layer structure, the water cycle process and soil erosion process in the areas Shi Gai have particularity and complexity, generate a series of spies
Different the problems of geo-environment, such as soil erosion, stony desertification, surface subsidence and collapse.Karst soil erosion is its life
An important factor for state environmental degradation, seriously restricts area's agricultural sustainable development, fully discloses karst hillside fields water and soil
It is lost in generation, migration mechanism is the key that control stony desertification development.
Although the special soil losses type research in karst is concerned in recent years, including earth's surface is lost in and underground
Leakage etc., wherein earth's surface Study on loss are corroded by a series of method such as field inspection, indoor simulation and tagging
Process, mechanism and influence factor all relative systems；But since directly to observe degree-of-difficulty factor big in karst interflow subsurface drainage silt field,
And there is no practicable research method and means at present, therefore based on karst it is special underground leakage mechanism study compared with
It is few, qualitative description and indoor simulation exploratory stage are only existed at present, and existing research fails to disclose its leakage mechanism.
Rare earth element is proved to be the research comparatively ideal tracer element of the soil erosion in recent years.Utilize stability rare earth element
Tracer technique research soil erosion distribution, basic principle are that tracer element oxide and soil are laid in research after evenly mixing
Area's different topographic position makes it be migrated with runoff and sediment in entire rainfall erosion process, by acquiring the silt sample corroded,
Tracer element content is measured using the methods of neutron activation analysis, studies erosion sediment source and different topographic position soil accordingly
Difference characteristic is corroded, achieve the purpose that differentiate erosion sediment source with this and obtains different topographic position soil loss amount.It is aforementioned
Method is primarily adapted for use in Non-karst area and the slope surface equipped with runoff plots, and for the karst with special erosion type
Area, underground leakage are difficult the water and soil for directly receiving leakage and falling, therefore can only be by distribution of the tracer carrier in crack come anti-
The process for answering crack soil to miss.
Invention content
Present invention aims at providing, a kind of measurement accuracy is high, is simple to operate and friendly to environment the karst soil of type
The rare earth element tracing method of underground leakage.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：It is a kind of to utilize rare earth element tracer karst soil
The method of earth leakage selects the area of observation coverage according to research contents, acquires and test the background value of the various rare earth elements of the selected area of observation coverage,
It selects tracer rare earth element and calculates burst size, prepare tracer soil sample and laid by " strip coating method+method of section ", marking table
Layer soil locations, acquire and test selected rare earth element content after the observation phase, calculate and analyze soil underground wastage；
Specifically include following steps：
(1) according to research contents, selection, which can represent, studies multiple typical sights that surface flow mistake or underground leakage occur for area's soil
Survey area, it is contemplated that the particularity of soil losses or leakage occurs for rock soil interface, and the selected area of observation coverage need to include part rock interface；
(2) pedotheque for acquiring area of observation coverage rare earth element background value, i.e., in the area of observation coverage, with 20-50cm sizing grids in net
Lattice center is 2cm layering acquisition soil sample samples with lift height, using the soil in rock interface 2cm as ground circle
Face soil sample, and rock soil interface pedotheque, above-mentioned collecting soil sample to 8-20cm depth models are acquired with identical lift height
In enclosing；
(3) it selects a variety of rare earth elements to carry out experiment, discharges concentration and burst size is calculated as follows respectively：
Ci=BCi× a (formula 1),
Wherein, i is i-th kind of tracer rare earth element, i=1,2,3 ..., n；CiConcentration, mg/ are discharged for i-th kind of tracer rare earth element
kg；BCiFor i-th kind of tracer rare earth element background value, mg/kg；Mi is i-th kind of tracer rare earth oxide burst size, g；SiFor
Soil weight, kg needed for i-th kind of tracer rare earth element；A be concentration sampling factor, 20~100；B is concentration correction coefficient, i.e. rare earth oxygen
Compound purity, generally 0.9999；C is oxide correction coefficient, its shared oxide of rare earth element relative molecular mass is opposite
The ratio of molecular mass；
The Si is calculated as follows：
Wherein, in formula, WL is area of observation coverage sample area size, cm2；HiDepth, cm are laid for i-th kind of tracer rare earth element；R is
Lay deep soil unit weight, g/cm3；1000 be unit transformation ratio；
(4) tracer soil sample is prepared, the rare earth oxide that burst size is calculated is mixed with soil；Tracer rare earth oxide and soil
The mixed process of earth uses dilution method, and gradually dilution approaches release concentration；
(5) the tracer soil sample configured is laid using " strip coating method+method of section ", by the tracer soil sample layering filling area of observation coverage item of configuration
In hole, and tamp to former slope surface same bulk density, while topsoil position is marked at rock-Soil Interface；
(6) in research cycle：Secondary rainfall or after the moon or season or year, soil sample sample are carried out by step (2), and sample rare earth member
Cellulose content, the following two situations of acquisition mode point：
1. the point on the basis of rock soil interface mark accurately acquires pedotheque by 2cm lift heights, records every layer collected
The thickness of pedotheque；
2. the point on the basis of rock soil interface mark measures soil layer using standard ruler and moves down displacement, and moves down soil with this
The surface layer of layer accurately acquires pedotheque with 2cm lift heights；
(7) soil losses or the leakage following two situations of analysis meter point counting：
1. not collecting the thickness of pedotheque below calculating benchmark point, as soil losses/leakage thickness, can be calculated by formula 3
Soil losses/wastage；Soil rare earth element concentration changes with background value concentration after the comparative study period, if the two difference is not
Greatly, then prove that soil based on whole compacted shifting leakage, if there are larger differences for the two, is analyzed depending on data cases；
2. calculating soil losses/leakage thickness mean value that ruler measures, soil losses/wastage can be calculated by formula 3；Comparative study
Soil rare earth element concentration changes with background value concentration after period, can determine whether that whether the compacted shifting of soil misses by rock-Soil Interface
Caused by loss.
Depending on the outer actual conditions of the big low coverage of step (1) area of observation coverage, 0.5m × 0.5m -2m × 2m are selected.
Step (2) the background value pedotheque rare earth element background value using instrumental neutron activation analysis INNA methods and
Icp ms ICP-MS is measured；After having acquired background value pedotheque, separately by the 8-20cm depth bounds
Interior soil is all adopted spare back into row room-dry.
The step (3) is used for the rare earth element of tracer soil leakage, should have and can preferably be combined with soil, is insoluble in
Water and being not easy is absorbed and harmless to soil environment by plant, rare earth tracer element have soil background is low, applied amount is few,
The characteristics of being easy to detection；Alternative rare earth element has dysprosium Dy, europium Eu, samarium Sm, cerium Ce, lanthanum La, neodymium Nd, corresponding rare earth oxygen
Compound is followed successively by Dy2O3、Eu2O3、Sm2O3、CeO2、La2O3、Nd2O3。
Step (4) soil is to air-dry sieving soil；The step (4), which gradually dilutes to approach, discharges concentration operating process
To be first sufficiently mixed with required percent rare earth oxide with the experiment dry ground of the smaller 0.075mm of a small amount of grain size, dilution forms highly concentrated
Then soil sample adds required soil and pokes mixed, forms time highly concentrated soil sample, be eventually adding can fill tracer depth wind desiceted soil it is fully mixed
It closes.
" strip coating method " in step (5) " strip coating method+method of section " laying is the band of selected area of observation coverage finite width,
Rare earth element is laid in this band by soil losses or soil leakage equal or close to the soil losses/wastage in research area；
" method of section " is by rare earth tracer element and all mixing is laid on section by the soil of tracer, and different tracer elements is laid
In different soil.
It is as follows that the step (5) " strip coating method+method of section " lays principle：
1. not destroying lower soil structure as possible, laying soil thickness should control in a certain range；
2. the front and back difference of leakage will ensure that significantly, 2cm will be controllable in conjunction with sampling depth by laying soil layer；
3. surface layer should lay enough depth, is lost with ensureing to meet surface flow, take 4cm here；
4. in order to make in 4cm layers it can also be seen that leakage, depth selection is answered sufficiently small；Meanwhile it can be examined in the case where missing small
It measures and, depth selection control is 2cm or following；
5. in the case where ensureing accuracy, focus on economy, labour, efficient principle.
Step (5) rock soil interface label topsoil position uses paint marks.
Pedotheque rare earth element content uses instrumental neutron activation analysis INNA methods after step (6) observation cycle
It is measured with icp ms ICP-MS.
The step (6) should divide grid number equally, rock soil interface if soil sample sample need to be acquired with different time points
Also divided equally by same batch, the pedotheque after acquisition is divided equally every time, backfill surrounding soil, guarantee is needed not to influence after acquisition
Next soil losses/leakage process.
The present invention can quantify the contribution for defining that Karst Rocky Desertification area soil surface is lost in and underground is missed, in karst
Area has general applicability, accuracy high, easy to operate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention using the leakage of rare earth tracer Karst Area soil underground；
Fig. 2 is layout diagram of the present invention using the rare earth tracer element of rare earth tracer Karst Area soil underground leakage；
Fig. 3 is that crack soil losses/leakage displacement diagram is calculated by Stable Rare Earth Element Tracer Method in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that the present invention is calculated change compared with background value after the soil layer soil leakage of crack wherein one by Stable Rare Earth Element Tracer Method
REE concentration maps；
Fig. 5 is that the present invention is calculated after the rock soil interface soil leakage of crack by Stable Rare Earth Element Tracer Method compared with the variation of its soil layer soil
A wherein REE concentration maps.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the invention will be further described.
A method of it is missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil, the area of observation coverage is selected according to research contents,
The background value of the various rare earth elements of the selected area of observation coverage is acquired and tested, tracer rare earth element is selected and calculates burst size, preparation is shown
Track soil sample is simultaneously laid by " strip coating method+method of section ", marking topsoil position, is acquired and is tested selected dilute after the observation phase
Eupolyphoge sinensis cellulose content calculates and analyzes soil underground wastage；
Specifically include following steps：
(1) according to research contents, selection, which can represent, studies multiple typical sights that surface flow mistake or underground leakage occur for area's soil
Survey area, it is contemplated that the particularity of soil losses or leakage occurs for rock soil interface, and the selected area of observation coverage need to include part rock interface；
(2) pedotheque for acquiring area of observation coverage rare earth element background value, i.e., in the area of observation coverage, with 20-50cm sizing grids in net
Lattice center is 2cm layering acquisition soil sample samples with lift height, using the soil in rock interface 2cm as ground circle
Face soil sample, and rock soil interface pedotheque, above-mentioned collecting soil sample to 8-20cm depth models are acquired with identical lift height
In enclosing；
(3) it selects a variety of rare earth elements to carry out experiment, discharges concentration and burst size is calculated as follows respectively：
Ci=BCi× a (formula 1),
Wherein, i is i-th kind of tracer rare earth element, i=1,2,3 ..., n；CiConcentration, mg/ are discharged for i-th kind of tracer rare earth element
kg；BCiFor i-th kind of tracer rare earth element background value, mg/kg；Mi is i-th kind of tracer rare earth oxide burst size, g；SiFor
Soil weight, kg needed for i-th kind of tracer rare earth element；A be concentration sampling factor, 20~100；B is concentration correction coefficient, i.e. rare earth oxygen
Compound purity, generally 0.9999；C is oxide correction coefficient, its shared oxide of rare earth element relative molecular mass is opposite
The ratio of molecular mass；
The Si is calculated as follows：
Wherein, in formula, WL is area of observation coverage sample area size, cm2；HiDepth, cm are laid for i-th kind of tracer rare earth element；R is
Lay deep soil unit weight, g/cm3；1000 be unit transformation ratio；
(4) tracer soil sample is prepared, the rare earth oxide that burst size is calculated is mixed with soil；Tracer rare earth oxide and soil
The mixed process of earth uses dilution method, and gradually dilution approaches release concentration；
(5) the tracer soil sample configured is laid using " strip coating method+method of section ", by the tracer soil sample layering filling area of observation coverage item of configuration
In hole, and tamp to former slope surface same bulk density, while topsoil position is marked at rock-Soil Interface；
(6) in research cycle：Secondary rainfall or after the moon or season or year, soil sample sample are carried out by step (2), and sample rare earth member
Cellulose content, the following two situations of acquisition mode point：
1. the point on the basis of rock soil interface mark accurately acquires pedotheque by 2cm lift heights, records every layer collected
The thickness of pedotheque；
2. the point on the basis of rock soil interface mark measures soil layer using standard ruler and moves down displacement, and moves down soil with this
The surface layer of layer accurately acquires pedotheque with 2cm lift heights；
(7) soil losses or the leakage following two situations of analysis meter point counting：
1. not collecting the thickness of pedotheque below calculating benchmark point, as soil losses/leakage thickness, can be calculated by formula 3
Soil losses/wastage；Soil rare earth element concentration changes with background value concentration after the comparative study period, if the two difference is not
Greatly, then prove that soil based on whole compacted shifting leakage, if there are larger differences for the two, is analyzed depending on data cases；
2. calculating soil losses/leakage thickness mean value that ruler measures, soil losses/wastage can be calculated by formula 3；Comparative study
Soil rare earth element concentration changes with background value concentration after period, can determine whether that whether the compacted shifting of soil misses by rock-Soil Interface
Caused by loss.
Depending on the outer actual conditions of the big low coverage of step (1) area of observation coverage, 0.5m × 0.5m -2m × 2m are selected.
Step (2) the background value pedotheque rare earth element background value using instrumental neutron activation analysis INNA methods and
Icp ms ICP-MS is measured；After having acquired background value pedotheque, separately by the 8-20cm depth bounds
Interior soil is all adopted spare back into row room-dry.
The step (3) is used for the rare earth element of tracer soil leakage, should have and can preferably be combined with soil, is insoluble in
Water and being not easy is absorbed and harmless to soil environment by plant, rare earth tracer element have soil background is low, applied amount is few,
The characteristics of being easy to detection；Alternative rare earth element has dysprosium Dy, europium Eu, samarium Sm, cerium Ce, lanthanum La, neodymium Nd, corresponding rare earth oxygen
Compound is followed successively by Dy2O3、Eu2O3、Sm2O3、CeO2、La2O3、Nd2O3。
Step (4) soil is to air-dry sieving soil；The step (4), which gradually dilutes to approach, discharges concentration operating process
To be first sufficiently mixed with required percent rare earth oxide with the experiment dry ground of the smaller 0.075mm of a small amount of grain size, dilution forms highly concentrated
Then soil sample adds required soil and pokes mixed, forms time highly concentrated soil sample, be eventually adding can fill tracer depth wind desiceted soil it is fully mixed
It closes.
" strip coating method " in step (5) " strip coating method+method of section " laying is the band of selected area of observation coverage finite width,
Rare earth element is laid in this band by soil losses or soil leakage equal or close to the soil losses/wastage in research area；
" method of section " is by rare earth tracer element and all mixing is laid on section by the soil of tracer, and different tracer elements is laid
In different soil.
It is as follows that the step (5) " strip coating method+method of section " lays principle：
1. not destroying lower soil structure as possible, laying soil thickness should control in a certain range；
2. the front and back difference of leakage will ensure that significantly, 2cm will be controllable in conjunction with sampling depth by laying soil layer；
3. surface layer should lay enough depth, is lost with ensureing to meet surface flow, take 4cm here；
4. in order to make in 4cm layers it can also be seen that leakage, depth selection is answered sufficiently small；Meanwhile it can be examined in the case where missing small
It measures and, depth selection control is 2cm or following；
5. in the case where ensureing accuracy, focus on economy, labour, efficient principle.
Step (5) rock soil interface label topsoil position uses paint marks.
Pedotheque rare earth element content uses instrumental neutron activation analysis INNA methods after step (6) observation cycle
It is measured with icp ms ICP-MS.
The step (6) should divide grid number equally, rock soil interface if soil sample sample need to be acquired with different time points
Also divided equally by same batch, the pedotheque after acquisition is divided equally every time, backfill surrounding soil, guarantee is needed not to influence after acquisition
Next soil losses/leakage process.
Embodiment：Referring to Fig. 1-4, a method of it is missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil, including with
Lower step：
(1) in the process of the present invention, it is dolomitic stone to choose carbonate rock in the Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Huaxi District towns the Qing Yan villages Shang Ba
Desertization hillside fields selects 6 0.5m × 0.5m areas of observation coverage (i.e. stone cistern or crack), it is as shown in table 1 to record its basic condition.
1 observation point crack basic condition of table
(2) in the process of the present invention, in the selected area of observation coverage, with 33cm × 33cm gridding methods with lift height for 2cm pedotheques
And rock-Soil Interface pedotheque, acquisition to 16cm depths.
(3) in the process of the present invention, background value soil sample rare earth element content is measured using ICP-MS, and determined for tracer
Rare earth element is Ce, La and Sm.
(4) in the process of the present invention, it calculates tracer rare earth element and discharges concentration and burst size, wherein discharging concentration sampling factor
20 are taken, each area of observation coverage discharges concentration and burst size such as table 2：
2 rare earth tracer oxide concentration of table and release situation
By taking area of observation coverage S1 as an example, wherein actual measurement width in crack is 25cm, length 50cm, different rare earth elements design tracer depth：
Ce is 4cm, and La 2cm, Sm 2cm, soil weight actual measurement is 1.2g/cm3, the aforementioned area of observation coverage Ce background values of elements that measures is
6.20mm/kg.Ce is calculated according to formula 1 and discharges concentration, i.e.,
CCe=BCCe× a=6.20mg/kg × 20=124.0mg/kg,
Ce is calculated according to formula 3 and lays soil weight needed for layer, i.e.,
SCe=WLHiR/1000=25cm × cm × 4cm × 1.2g/cm3/ 1000=6kg,
Ce oxide burst sizes are calculated according to formula 2, wherein bought Ce oxides purity is 99.99%, oxide correction system
Number is 0.81, i.e.,
MCe=CCe×SCe/ 1000bc=124.0mg/kg × 6kg/ (1000 × 0.9999 × 0.81)=0.92g
(5) in the process of the present invention, it is first filled with required percent rare earth oxide with the experiment dry ground of a small amount of grain size smaller (0.075mm)
Point mixing, dilution form highly concentrated soil sample, then add required soil and poke mixed, form time highly concentrated soil sample, be eventually adding to fill and show
The wind desiceted soil of track depth is sufficiently mixed.
(6) in the process of the present invention, using " strip coating method+method of section ", among the tracer soil sample filling sectional strip hole of configuration,
Tamp with former slope surface same bulk density, while topsoil position is marked at rock-Soil Interface, this example is with red paint into rower
Note.
(7) after 104.5mm, 151.2mm, 332.7mm rainfall, it is big that displacement is moved down using standard ruler measurement soil layer
It is small, and the surface layer of soil layer is moved down accurately with soil-like at 2cm lift heights acquisition section pedotheque and rock-Soil Interface with this
Product, and room-dry is taken back, content of rare earth is measured using ICP-MS.
(8) area of observation coverage soil losses/leakage displacement characteristic
The compacted shifting displacement of soil that each observation point is occurred under 332.7mm rainfalls is followed successively by the cracks the S1 crack 1.7cm, S2
The crack 2.0cm, S3 2.0cm, S4 crack 2.8cm, the cracks S5 2.4cm, S6 crack 1.6cm.During each observation point is observed for the first time
The compacted displacement of soil corresponding to (rainfall 104.5mm) moves and is followed successively by 1.3 by observation point number order size, 1.8,1.7,2.5,
2.0 and 1.0cm, during accounting for entire observation compacted shifting displacement ratio be followed successively by 76.5%, 90.0%, 85.0%, 89.3%,
83.3% and 62.5%；The compacted displacement of soil during second of observation corresponding to (rainfall 46.7mm) moves suitable by observation point number
Sequence size is followed successively by 0.2,0,0,0,0.2 and 0.4cm, during accounting for entire observation compacted shifting displacement ratio be followed successively by 11.8%, 0,
0,0,8.3% and 25.0%；The compacted displacement of soil during third time is observed corresponding to (rainfall 181.5mm) is moved is compiled by observation point
Number sequence size is followed successively by 0.2,0.2,0.3,0.3,0.2 and 0.2cm, and compacted shifting displacement ratio is followed successively by during accounting for entire observation
11.8%, 10.0%, 15.0%, 10.7%, 8.3% and 12.5%.It is apparent that the soil that rainfall is occurred by 104.5mm is compacted
Displacement moves between 1.0~2.5cm, and compacted shifting displacement ratio under shared 332.7mm rainfall is 62.5% or more, and larger rainfall
The compacted shifting of soil that 181.5mm is occurred only between 0.2~0.3cm, the shared compacted shifting displacement ratios of 332.7mm 15.0% with
Under.Such as Fig. 3：
(9) area of observation coverage rare earth element changes of contents feature
S1 under different rainfall horizontal (104.5mm, 151.2mm and 332.7mm) Ce concentration in the equal highest of 0~4cm soil layer contents,
Trend is consistent when this lays with Ce, shows that the crack is lost in without soil surface and occurs.Compared with background value, in 104.5mm rainfall
Under level, Ce concentration is decreased obviously in 0~4cm soil layers, in 6~10cm soil layers also at faint downward trend, and in other soil layers,
For Ce concentration obviously compared with background value height, this illustrates that the Ce elements that 0~4cm of surface layer is laid enter crack 4cm soil layers with grogs leakage
Hereinafter, include 4~6cm soil layers and 10~16cm soil layers, and 6~10cm soil layer Ce elements enter 10cm or less soil with grogs leakage
Layer.Soil particle leakage under 151.2mm and 332.7mm rainfall levels is apparent, and 0~4cm soil layer Ce concentration is significantly lower than
Background value, and in 4cm or less soil layers its Ce concentration compared with background value height, illustrate the Ce elements of surface layer 0~4cm soil layers with grogs into
Enter crack 4~16cm soil layers, there is the accumulation of Ce elements per 2cm soil layers.The Ce concentration variation compared under different rainfall levels can
Know, it is in reduction trend to increase with rainfall in 0~2 and 2~4cm soil layer Ce concentration and the difference of background value, illustrates crack topsoil
Earth particle has the tendency that moving down to crack lower part soil layer with rainfall, and in 4~16cm soil layer Ce concentration and background value difference with rain
It is in increase trend that amount, which increases, this proves that the Ce accumulation of 4~16cm soil layers is caused by being leaked under the 0~4cm grogs of surface layer.Similarly, never
With rainfall and the variation of different soil depth La concentration it is found that 4~6cm soil layer La concentration is maximum with background value difference, this and La cloth
If when trend it is consistent, illustrate that La layings in crack meet target, but 2~4cm soil layers under second of rainfall 151.2mm removed
(its La concentration is apparently higher than background value, this may be to be caused due to the compacted shifting deformation of crack soil layer) outside；Under different rainfall grades, 0
~2cm, 4~10cm soil layer La concentration are generally negative value, i.e., its concentration is less than background value, illustrates certain grades of these soil layers
The trend of oriented its lower layer migration of grain, and in other soil layers then on the contrary, but overall compared with Ce, other soil in addition to La lays layer
Layer La concentration values are smaller, illustrate to lay the amount that layer 4~6cm soil layer grogs is moved down and accumulated in lower part soil layer (6~16cm)
It is few.From different soil Sm concentration compared with background value variation diagram also it is found that lay Sm layer (6~8cm) concentration and background value difference also
Maximum meets desired design, and Sm concentration values are positive value below the laying layer, that is, is higher than background value, illustrates by the soil layer
The grogs of the carrying Sm moved down has accumulation in its underpart soil layer, and the amount accumulated is in totally increase trend with the increase of rainfall,
Such as Fig. 4.
Under different rainfall horizontal (104.5mm, 151.2mm and 332.7mm) at rock-Soil Interface soil Ce concentration compared with background value
It is clearly present difference.Compared with background value, Ce concentration is decreased obviously in laying layer (0~4cm) under different rainfalls, and declines journey
Degree increases with rainfall and is reduced, on the contrary, lay layer following layers soil Ce concentration with rainfall increase and increase (except 8~
Other than 10cm layers), illustrate by rock-Soil Interface lay layer carry Ce soil particle move down and be accumulated in the content of different soil with
Rainfall increases and increases.Crack rock -4~8cm layers of Soil Interface and 332.7mm catchments under 104.5mm catchments
Lower 8~10cm layers of soil Ce concentration is less than soil background, and reason includes mainly two aspects, and one upper layer does not carry the soil of Ce
Grain is displaced downwardly to these soil layers, the second is the grogs that these soil layers carry Ce is displaced downwardly to other soil layers, but in general, the cracks S1
Ce, which lays soil Ce concentration under layer and generally increases and predominantly lay layer and carry Ce grogs, at rock-Soil Interface moves down and causes.It is different
Under rainfall La concentration its lay layer (4~6cm) be significantly lower than background value, due to only lay layer be REE high concentrations (see experiment
Design), therefore La lays the reduction of layer its concentration and is mainly that it carries La particles and is displaced downwardly to rock-Soil Interface other depth layers, and
La accumulation layers are mainly rock -10~16cm of Soil Interface.Sm concentration is also less than the back of the body in its laying layer (6~8cm) under different rainfalls
Scape value, and layer La concentration below is being laid totally higher than the concentration for laying layer or more, such as Fig. 5.
From the point of view of Ce, La and Sm lay level, the Ce concentration that Ce lays layer (0~4cm) is decreased obviously and is less than background value,
Illustrate that the grogs that this layer carries Ce has the possibility moved down；And this layer of variation of the La and Sm concentration compared with background value is shown, 104.5mm drops
Rain event descends the two concentration to be also less than background value, similar to the variation of Ce concentration, illustrates that this layer of grogs is sent out really under the catchment
It has given birth to and has moved down, and La and Sm concentration is then higher than background value under 151.2 and 332.7mm catchments, can only illustrate to carry Ce grogs
The grogs for not carrying La and Sm moves down.The La concentration that La lays layer (4~6cm) is decreased obviously also less than background value, and
The concentration of this layer of Ce and Sm, which is illustrated as increasing, is higher than background value, and the two difference is apparent, and it may be this layer certain to trace it to its cause
Grade particle is random to be moved down；As it can be seen that Ce lays the grogs that layer moves down under above-mentioned 104.5mm catchments, it is only dense in Sm
It is shown as accumulating in degree variation, does not show accumulation in the variation of Ce and La concentration, this shows the soil moved down at crack rock-Soil Interface
Simultaneously on-fixed is displaced downwardly to next layer to grain, it is also possible to be displaced downwardly to deeper level, this variation is identical as field actual conditions, in soil
It will appear fine cracks at rock-Soil Interface when earth drying is shunk, the certain grogs in upper layer can be under rock-Soil Interface stream when meeting rainfall
Move to deeper time.Sm lays layer (6~8cm) Sm concentration and is also less than background value, and this layer of Ce concentration (is removed higher than background value
Outside 104.5mm rainfalls), La concentration be less than background value, Ce and La variation tendencies on the contrary, plus Sm lay layer on La layers respectively
The variation of REE concentration also has differences, and can not judge that grogs moves down situation, such as Fig. 5.
The present invention utilizes rare earth element tracer Karst Area soil losses/leakage, to disclose area soil underground leakage
Process and mechanism, this will miss karst soil underground and the researchs such as Rocky Desertification Control play important impetus.
Herein it is important to point out that, above example be only limitted to be further elaborated technical scheme of the present invention and
Illustrate, is not the further limitation to technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil, it is characterised in that：It is selected according to research contents
The area of observation coverage is selected, the background value of the various rare earth elements of the selected area of observation coverage is acquired and test, selects tracer rare earth element and calculate to discharge
Amount is prepared tracer soil sample and is laid by " strip coating method+method of section ", and marking topsoil position acquires and tests observation
Selected rare earth element content after phase calculates and analyzes soil underground wastage；
Specifically include following steps：
(1) according to research contents, selection, which can represent, studies multiple typical sights that surface flow mistake or underground leakage occur for area's soil
Survey area, it is contemplated that the particularity of soil losses or leakage occurs for rock soil interface, and the selected area of observation coverage need to include part rock interface；
(2) pedotheque for acquiring area of observation coverage rare earth element background value, i.e., in the area of observation coverage, with 20-50 cm sizing grids in net
Lattice center is 2 cm layering acquisition soil sample samples with lift height, using the soil in 2 cm of rock interface as ground
Interface soil sample, and rock soil interface pedotheque, above-mentioned collecting soil sample to 8-20 cm depth are acquired with identical lift height
In range；
(3) it selects a variety of rare earth elements to carry out experiment, discharges concentration and burst size is calculated as follows respectively：
Wherein, i is i-th kind of tracer rare earth element, i=1,2,3 ..., n；C iConcentration is discharged for i-th kind of tracer rare earth element,
mg/kg；BC iFor i-th kind of tracer rare earth element background value, mg/kg；MiFor i-th kind of tracer rare earth oxide burst size, g；S iFor soil weight, kg needed for i-th kind of tracer rare earth element；A be concentration sampling factor, 20 ~ 100；B is concentration correction coefficient, i.e., dilute
Native oxide purity, generally 0.9999；C is oxide correction coefficient, its shared oxide of rare earth element relative molecular mass
The ratio of relative molecular mass；
It is describedSI is calculated as follows：
Wherein, in formula,WLFor area of observation coverage sample area size, cm2；H iDepth, cm are laid for i-th kind of tracer rare earth element；RFor
Lay deep soil unit weight, g/cm3；1000 be unit transformation ratio；
(4) tracer soil sample is prepared, the rare earth oxide that burst size is calculated is mixed with soil；Tracer rare earth oxide and soil
The mixed process of earth uses dilution method, and gradually dilution approaches release concentration；
(5) the tracer soil sample configured is laid using " strip coating method+method of section ", by the tracer soil sample layering filling area of observation coverage item of configuration
In hole, and tamp to former slope surface same bulk density, while topsoil position is marked at rock-Soil Interface；
(6) in research cycle：Secondary rainfall or after the moon or season or year, soil sample sample are carried out by step (2), and sample rare earth member
Cellulose content, the following two situations of acquisition mode point：
1. the point on the basis of rock soil interface mark accurately acquires pedotheque by 2 cm lift heights, record collected every
The thickness of layer pedotheque；
2. the point on the basis of rock soil interface mark measures soil layer using standard ruler and moves down displacement, and moves down soil with this
The surface layer of layer accurately acquires pedotheque with 2 cm lift heights；
(7) soil losses or the leakage following two situations of analysis meter point counting：
1. not collecting the thickness of pedotheque below calculating benchmark point, as soil losses/leakage thickness, can be calculated by formula 3
Soil losses/wastage；Soil rare earth element concentration changes with background value concentration after the comparative study period, if the two difference is not
Greatly, then prove that soil based on whole compacted shifting leakage, if there are larger differences for the two, is analyzed depending on data cases；
2. calculating soil losses/leakage thickness mean value that ruler measures, soil losses/wastage can be calculated by formula 3；Comparative study
Soil rare earth element concentration changes with background value concentration after period, can determine whether that whether the compacted shifting of soil misses by rock-Soil Interface
Caused by loss.
2. a kind of method missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil as described in claim 1, feature are existed
In：Depending on the outer actual conditions of the big low coverage of step (1) area of observation coverage, the m of 0.5 m × 0.5-2 m × 2m is selected.
3. a kind of method missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil as described in claim 1, feature are existed
In：Step (2) the background value pedotheque rare earth element background value uses instrumental neutron activation analysis INNA methods and inductance
Couple plasma mass spectrometer ICP-MS is measured；It, separately will be in the 8-20 cm depth bounds after having acquired background value pedotheque
Soil is all adopted spare back into row room-dry.
4. a kind of method missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil as described in claim 1, feature are existed
In：The step (3) be used for tracer soil leakage rare earth element, should have and can preferably be combined with soil, be insoluble in water and
It is not easy to be absorbed by plant and harmless to soil environment, rare earth tracer element has that soil background is low, applied amount is few, is easy to
The characteristics of detection；Alternative rare earth element has dysprosium Dy, europium Eu, samarium Sm, cerium Ce, lanthanum La, neodymium Nd, corresponding rare earth oxide
It is followed successively by Dy2O3、Eu2O3、Sm2O3、CeO2、La2O3、Nd2O3。
5. a kind of method missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil as described in claim 1, feature are existed
In：Step (4) soil is to air-dry sieving soil；The step (4) gradually dilute approach discharge concentration operating process be, first with
The experiment dry ground of smaller 0. 075mm of a small amount of grain size is sufficiently mixed with required percent rare earth oxide, and dilution forms highly concentrated soil sample,
Then it adds required soil and pokes mixed, form time highly concentrated soil sample, the wind desiceted soil of tracer depth can be filled by, which being eventually adding, is sufficiently mixed.
6. a kind of method missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil as described in claim 1, feature are existed
In：" strip coating method " during the step (5) " strip coating method+method of section " is laid is the band of selected area of observation coverage finite width, soil
It is lost in or soil leakage is equal or close to the soil losses/wastage in research area, rare earth element is laid in this band；It is " disconnected
Face method " is by rare earth tracer element and all mixing is laid on section by the soil of tracer, and different tracer elements is laid in
Different soil.
7. a kind of method missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil as described in claim 1, feature are existed
In：It is as follows that the step (5) " strip coating method+method of section " lays principle：
1. not destroying lower soil structure as possible, laying soil thickness should control in a certain range；
2. the front and back difference of leakage will ensure that significantly, 2 cm will be controllable in conjunction with sampling depth by laying soil layer；
3. surface layer should lay enough depth, is lost with ensureing to meet surface flow, take 4 cm here；
4. in order to make in 4 cm layers it can also be seen that leakage, depth selection is answered sufficiently small；Meanwhile it can be examined in the case where missing small
It measures and, depth selection control is 2 cm or following；
5. in the case where ensureing accuracy, focus on economy, labour, efficient principle.
8. a kind of method missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil as described in claim 1, feature are existed
In：Step (5) rock soil interface label topsoil position uses paint marks.
9. a kind of method missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil as described in claim 1, feature are existed
In：Pedotheque rare earth element content uses instrumental neutron activation analysis INNA methods and electricity after step (6) observation cycle
Feel couple plasma mass spectrometer ICP-MS to measure.
10. a kind of method missed using rare earth element tracer karst soil as described in claim 1, feature are existed
In：The step (6) should divide grid number equally, rock soil interface is also pressed if soil sample sample need to be acquired with different time points
Same batch is divided equally, the pedotheque after acquisition is divided equally every time, and backfill surrounding soil, guarantee is needed not to influence next time after acquisition
Soil losses/leakage process.
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