CN106769170B - A kind of acquisition method of karst underground hole, crack and soil information - Google Patents
A kind of acquisition method of karst underground hole, crack and soil information Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[Sb] Chemical compound [Mo].[Sb] WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses the acquisition method of a kind of karst underground hole, crack and soil information, this method step include: sampling point arrangement with choose, quadrat size and quantity setting, lower opening (split) gap morphological feature acquisition method and index, collecting soil sample method, lower opening (split) gap soil collection method, lower opening (split) collecting soil sample sequence in gap.The present invention utilizes the tools such as price material benefit, geologic compass easy to operate, levelling rod, 5m tape measure, cutting ring, and lower opening (splits) gap morphological feature and its pedotheque with acquiring karst.The acquisition method has the advantages such as controllability and operability, comprehensive reliable, practical application value height, while the present invention can make up for it currently about karst lower opening and (split) gap morphological feature and the asymmetric problem of collecting soil sample.The present invention (can split) researchs such as gap soil bearing features and play important impetus for Karst region soil erosion and ground lower opening.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water and soil conservations and agrology field, more particularly to a kind of karst underground hole, crack and soil
The acquisition method of earth information, lower opening (splits) gap morphological feature and wherein collecting soil sample with being exclusively used in Karst region.
Background technique
China is that karst area distributions are most widely national in the world, even if not including the karst buried, only by carbon
The karst area of hydrochlorate rocks exposure development is just up to 1,300,000 km2, wherein southwest centered on Guizhou only earth's surface noise made in coughing or vomiting
This special outcrop area is just up to 510,000 km2, it is that global Karst Development is strong, is distributed the area also concentrated the most, is typical life
State vulnerable environment area.It is unique that these carbonate rocks form hole, crack etc. in shallow surface under corrosion, easily
Karst Geological Landscape environment.The presence that ground lower opening (splits) gap makes Karst region there are the loss in earth's surface and underground both direction,
The soil that simultaneously lower opening (splits) preservation in gap can provide the condition of basing oneself upon for plant growth.Currently, in terms of karst soil
Research expands to the underground space that rock pore (splits) gap from the preservation research of surface soil, and ground lower opening (splits) tax of gap soil
It deposits feature and has become a big research hotspot.
Due to karst lower opening (splits) concealment and complexity of gap, current research scholar with studying karst lower opening
The method of (splitting) gap mainly piles up the methods of simulation, the monitoring of field small watershed with steel tank simulation, uniform stone.These methods
Have the shortcomings that common is that for karst lower opening (splits) gap morphological feature and wherein soil bearing features understanding is insufficient, leads
Relevant research is caused to be in the dummy run phase on basis, there are biggish differences with actual conditions.
In addition, the method that lower opening (splits) gap morphological feature with acquiring karst mainly utilizes geological radar or three-dimensional laser
Scanner carries out detection computer to underground shallow layer hole crack, and statistically lower opening (splits) gap feature, though both methods can be faster
Record hillside fields lower opening (split) feature of gap, it is poor to small hole crack resolution when all there is a problem of, while can not collect
Accordingly lower opening (splits) pedotheque in gap, this has the research of the soil erosion of Karst region underground, soil bearing features
Biggish limitation.
Therefore, accurately epistemically lower opening (splits) gap morphological feature and its soil bearing features, and the research to the field is
It is particularly significant.And it is current, there has been no the sides that a unified ground lower opening (splits) acquisition of gap shape information and its collecting soil sample
Method.Therefore, the present invention gains knowledge with geology field investigation method and soil, and the ground lower opening in nature hillside fields is explored by field
The acquisition method of (splitting) gap morphological feature and pedotheque, lower opening (splits) adopting for gap and its soil information with eventually finding karst
Set method.This (will split) researchs such as gap soil bearing features to Karst region soil erosion and ground lower opening and play important promotion work
With.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of that present invention to provide the acquisition method of a kind of karst underground hole, crack and soil information, this method
Lower opening (splits) gap morphological feature acquisition accuracy deficiency with solving current Karst region and ground lower opening (splits) gap morphological feature
Information and the asymmetric problem of pedotheque, meanwhile, tool needed for this method is mainly geologic compass, 5m tape measure, level
Ruler, cutting ring, it is cheap, it is easy to obtain, there is controllability, comprehensively reliable, practical application value is high, the advantages such as easy to operate.
It the purpose of the present invention and solves its technical problem underlying and adopts the following technical solutions to realize: a kind of karst
The acquisition method of underground hole, crack and soil information, comprising the following steps:
(1) it according to research contents, in survey region to pass through line-intercept method arrangement sample, by inquiry chooses and to have excavated
Side slope section is as ground lower opening, the sampling point of crack information collection；
(2) three ground lower opening, crack sample prescription of each section sample-plot survey, each sample prescription are high 2.0m × wide 1.5m；
(3) with excavating section lower opening, the occurrence in crack, inclination angle, opening width, mark are acquired with geologic survey statistic window method
Long, path length and each index of lengthwise；
(4) combining form of collecting soil sample selection " surface layer space+lower layer space " acquires earth's surface and underground respectively
Pedotheque in hole, crack, each depth acquire three pedotheques and are put into sample sack after mixing, are used for later period room
Interior physical and chemical property determining；
(5) it is saved after the pedotheque weighing record collected with valve bag, in experiment indoor measurement physicochemical property.
The acquisition method of a kind of above-mentioned karst underground hole, crack and soil information, in which: the step (3)
Aperture respectively locality lower opening, crack top, centre and least significant end opening width.
The acquisition method of a kind of above-mentioned karst underground hole, crack and soil information, in which: the step (4)
Table pedotheque sampling depth is 0 ~ 20cm.
The acquisition method of a kind of above-mentioned karst underground hole, crack and soil information, in which: the step (4)
Lower opening, crack soil collection method are to be divided into two kinds:
1. basement rock exposure is in earth's surface, then using earth's surface as benchmark line, respectively locality lower opening, depth 20cm in crack,
Pedotheque at 40cm and 60cm；
2. basement rock heeling-in by rock highest point is then on the basis of point below surface soil layer, respectively locality lower opening, crack
Middle depth is the pedotheque at 40cm, 60cm and 80cm.
The acquisition method of a kind of above-mentioned karst underground hole, crack and soil information, in which: step (3) fortune
Ground lower opening, the occurrence of crack basement rock, inclination angle are measured with geologic compass, measures ground lower opening, the opening width in crack, mark with tape measure
Long, path length and lengthwise.
The acquisition method of a kind of above-mentioned karst underground hole, crack and soil information, in which: step (4) soil
Earth sample acquisition order is the pedotheque for first acquiring the bottom, is then successively up acquired, in case upper layer of soil sample is under
Layer pedotheque pollutes.
The acquisition method of a kind of above-mentioned karst underground hole, crack and soil information, in which: the step (4)
Collecting soil sample tool is high 5.0cm, diameter 2.0cm, volume 15.7cm in lower opening, crack3Cutting ring.
The acquisition method of a kind of above-mentioned karst underground hole, crack and soil information, in which: step (5) soil
Earth sample physical and chemical property determining uses traditional detection method.
The present invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects compared with the existing technology.From the above technical scheme, this hair
Testing equipment needed for bright is cheap, is easy to obtain, while can collect morphological feature and its soil that accordingly lower opening (splits) gap
Earth sample has good controllability and practical application value, by the way that this method can efficiently, quickly locality lower opening (splits) gap
Morphological feature and its pedotheque.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Technology Roadmap of the invention；
Fig. 2 is section sample of the invention ground arrangement schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that ground lower opening of the invention (splits) gap morphological index acquisition method schematic diagram；
Ground lower opening when Fig. 4 is basement rock exposure of the present invention (splits) gap collecting soil sample depth schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is that the ground lower opening of the invention for burying type basement rock (splits) gap collecting soil sample depth schematic diagram.
Marked in the figure: 1, lower opening (split) gap sample prescription range；2, opening width；3, inclination angle；4, path length；5, mark is long；6, lengthwise；
7, soil；8, basement rock；9, earth's surface；10, lower opening (splits) gap soil sampling reference line；11, lower opening (splits) soil sampling in gap
Depth.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing and preferred embodiment, to a kind of karst underground hole proposed according to the present invention, crack and
Acquisition method specific embodiment, feature and its effect of soil information, detailed description is as follows.
Referring to Fig. 1-5, the acquisition method of a kind of karst underground hole, crack and soil information, comprising the following steps:
(1) it according to research contents, in survey region to pass through line-intercept method arrangement sample, by inquiry chooses and to have excavated
Side slope section is as ground lower opening, the sampling point of crack information collection；
(2) three ground lower opening, crack sample prescription of each section sample-plot survey, each sample prescription is high 2.0m × wide 1.5m, sees figure
2；
(3) with excavating section lower opening, the occurrence in crack, inclination angle, opening width, mark are acquired with geologic survey statistic window method
Long, path length and each index of lengthwise, are shown in Fig. 3；
(4) combining form of collecting soil sample selection " surface layer space+lower layer space " acquires earth's surface and underground respectively
Pedotheque in hole, crack, each depth acquire three pedotheques and are put into sample sack after mixing, are used for later period room
Interior physical and chemical property determining；
(5) it is saved after the pedotheque weighing record collected with valve bag, in experiment indoor measurement physicochemical property.
The step (3) measures ground with tape measure with geologic compass measurement ground lower opening, the occurrence of crack basement rock, inclination angle
Lower opening, the opening width in crack, mark length, path length and lengthwise.
Step (3) opening width respectively locality lower opening, crack top, centre and least significant end opening width.
Step (4) the surface soil sample sampling depth is 0 ~ 20cm.
The step (4) lower opening, crack soil collection method be divided into two kinds:
1. basement rock exposure is in earth's surface, then using earth's surface as benchmark line, respectively locality lower opening, depth 20cm in crack,
Pedotheque at 40cm and 60cm, is shown in Fig. 4；
2. basement rock heeling-in by rock highest point is then on the basis of point below surface soil layer, respectively locality lower opening, crack
Middle depth is the pedotheque at 40cm, 60cm and 80cm, sees Fig. 5.
Step (4) the collecting soil sample sequence is the pedotheque for first acquiring the bottom, is then successively up acquired,
In order to avoid upper layer of soil sample pollutes lower soil sample.
The step (4) lower opening, collecting soil sample tool is high 5.0cm, diameter 2.0cm, volume in crack
15.7cm3Cutting ring.
Step (5) the pedotheque physical and chemical property determining uses traditional detection method.
Embodiment:
(1) in the process of the present invention, the ground lower opening (splitting) that soil matrix rock is limestone is selected in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Huaxi District
Gap carries out ground lower opening and (splits) gap morphological feature and its collecting soil sample.
(2) in the process of the present invention, two sides Karst region development construction item is newly excavated in research area Nei Yan highway
Representative vertical section is investigated and is sampled.
(3) after selecting the good section excavated, gap sample (is split) with selecting 3 on geologic survey statistic window method section lower opening
Side, each sample prescription lower opening (split) gap be high 2.0m × wide 1.5m rectangle.Ground lower opening is used when (splitting) acquisition of gap morphological feature
Geologic compass measurement ground lower opening (splits) occurrence of gap basement rock, inclination angle, measures ground lower opening with tape measure and (splits) opening width of gap, mark
Long, path length and lengthwise.It is shown in Table 1.
(4) in sample prescription collecting soil sample selection " surface layer space+lower layer space " combining form, respectively acquire earth's surface and
Ground lower opening (splits) pedotheque in gap, and wherein surface soil sampling depth is 0 ~ 20cm, and the soil that ground lower opening (is split) in gap is adopted
Sample depth is 40,60 and 80cm, each sampling depth with cutting ring acquire the weighing of 3 pedotheques, after mixing be put into it is self-styled
In bag, the physicochemical property for indoor measurement pedotheque.Total soil nitrogen diffusion method；Total Phosphorus In Soil molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method；
The full potassium flare photometer of soil；Soil pH value is measured with pH meter (GL27859-87)；Soil mechanical composition densimeter
Method.
Lithology is the crack L1 of limestone, and stickiness particle (< 0.002mm) content in soil is 51.25% ~ 71.67%,
Its fractal dimension range is 2.69 ~ 2.82, and from surface layer to lower soil, the sticky content of soil is gradually increased, FRACTAL DIMENSION
Number gradually rises, and meets the feature of Karst region soil " upper Panasonic is tight ".
Lithology is the crack L2 of limestone, and stickiness particle (< 0.002mm) content in soil is 26.65% ~ 36.85%,
Its fractal dimension range is 2.56 ~ 2.67, and from surface layer to lower soil, the sticky content first increases and then decreases of soil, point
Shape dimension is also first increased and is reduced afterwards.Wang Guoliang[19]Think soil fractal dimension and being positively correlated property of sticky content, i.e. soil sticking grain
The high soil of content, fractal dimension is also big, and the soil in the crack L2 is also substantially conforming to this rule.The sticking grain of the crack L2 soil
Content and fractal dimension minimum value are both present in the bottom in crack, even less than topsoil, occur with the crack L1 not
Same phenomenon, it may be possible to which, since karsts developing area is than stronger under the fissure lime stone land, in rock soil interface, water chemical action is strong
Strong, rock occurs dissolved sand grains and has been mixed into soil, causes the reduction of its sticky content.
Lithology is the dolomitic crack D1, and stickiness particle (< 0.002mm) content in soil is 27.66% ~ 64.48%,
Its fractal dimension range is 2.56 ~ 2.80；Lithology is the dolomitic crack D2, and the stickiness particle (< 0.002mm) in soil contains
Amount is 28.56% ~ 46.57%, and fractal dimension range is 2.57 ~ 2.72.Dolomite crack is from surface layer to lower soil, substantially
The sticky content that soil is presented is gradually increased, the rule that fractal dimension gradually rises.This may be because dolomite hardness it is big,
Weathering occurs mainly in surface rock, and the corrosion generation of underground is more slow, and surface soil is constantly accumulated in crack, place
In the soil aperture of lower layer due to squeezing, constantly it is compacted, causes soil hardening, sticky content increases.It is shown in Table 2.
(5) earth's surface and ground lower opening (split) Characteristics of Soil Nutrient of gap
Lithology be limestone the crack L1 pH value range be the crack 7.61 ~ 7.69, L2 pH value range be 7.58 ~ 7.87；Rock
Property be the dolomitic crack D1 pH value range be 7.53 ~ 7.71, the crack D2 pH value range is 7.31 ~ 7.54.This research soil-like
The pH value of product changes between 7.31 ~ 7.87, substantially belongs to neutrality to alkalescent, amplitude of variation is little[20].With lower soil
It compares, the pH value of topsoil is smaller, this may be to be influenced due to topsoil by factors such as ground flora root system effects.
Lithology is the crack L1 and the crack L2 of limestone, the change of total soil nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content on vertical section
Change and irregular.Total nitrogen content of soil highest appears in surface layer and underground third layer (0.400gkg in the crack L1-1), and L2 is split
Total nitrogen content highest appears in underground first layer (2.960gkg in gap-1)；Soil total nitrogen highest appears in the crack L1
Subbasement (0.356gkg-1), and content of tatal phosphorus highest appears in underground first layer (1.097gkg in the crack L2-1)；
Total potassium content of soil highest appears in subbasement (14.128gkg in the crack L1-1), and full potassium content highest in the crack L2
Appear in surface layer (4.857gkg-1).
Lithology is the dolomitic crack D1 and the crack D2, the change of total soil nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content on vertical section
Change more regular.Total soil nitrogen, content of tatal phosphorus highest are generally present in surface layer, with the increasing on soil vertical section in depth
Add, content is also substantially on a declining curve；And potassium content is then different entirely, in the crack D2, with on soil vertical section
Also substantially there is downward trend in increase in depth, full potassium content, but but occur one in the crack D1 almost
Opposite phenomenon.It is shown in Table 3.
To sum up, it the invention has the following advantages that 1. testing equipment needed for the present invention is cheap, is easy to obtain, operation letter
It is single；2. morphological feature and its pedotheque that accordingly lower opening (splits) gap can be collected, there is good controllability and actually answered
With value, by the way that this method can efficiently, quickly locality lower opening (splits) gap morphological feature.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, not being made any form of restriction to inventing type, appoint
What is to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention any simply to repair without departing from technical solution of the present invention content
Change, equivalent variations and modification, all of which are still within the scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. the acquisition method of a kind of karst underground hole, crack and soil information, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) according to research contents, with passing through line-intercept method arrangement sample, to choose the side slope excavated by inquiry in survey region
Section is as ground lower opening, the sampling point of crack information collection；
(2) three ground lower opening, crack sample prescription of each section sample-plot survey, each sample prescription are high 2.0m × wide 1.5m；
(3) with excavating section lower opening, the occurrence in crack, inclination angle, opening width, mark length, diameter are acquired with geologic survey statistic window method
Long and each index of lengthwise；
(4) combining form of collecting soil sample selection " surface layer space+lower layer space " acquires earth's surface and ground lower opening respectively, splits
Pedotheque in gap, each depth acquire three pedotheques and are put into sample sack after mixing, for managing in later period room
Change property measurement；Ground lower opening, crack soil collection method are to be divided into two kinds:
1. basement rock exposure is in earth's surface, then using earth's surface as benchmark line, respectively locality lower opening, in crack depth 20cm, 40cm and
Pedotheque at 60cm；
2. basement rock heeling-in in surface soil layer hereinafter, then by rock highest point on the basis of point, locality lower opening, depth in crack respectively
For the pedotheque at 40cm, 60cm and 80cm；
(5) it is saved after the pedotheque weighing record collected with valve bag, in experiment indoor measurement physicochemical property.
2. the acquisition method of a kind of karst underground as described in claim 1 hole, crack and soil information, feature exist
In: the step (3) with geologic compass measurement ground lower opening, the occurrence of crack basement rock, inclination angle, with tape measure measure ground lower opening,
Opening width, mark length, path length and the lengthwise in crack.
3. the acquisition method of a kind of karst underground as described in claim 1 hole, crack and soil information, feature exist
In: step (3) opening width respectively locality lower opening, crack top, centre and least significant end opening width.
4. the acquisition method of a kind of karst underground as described in claim 1 hole, crack and soil information, feature exist
In: step (4) the surface soil sample sampling depth is 0 ~ 20cm.
5. the acquisition method of a kind of karst underground as described in claim 1 hole, crack and soil information, feature exist
In: step (4) the collecting soil sample sequence is the pedotheque for first acquiring the bottom, is then successively up acquired, in order to avoid
Upper layer of soil sample pollutes lower soil sample.
6. the acquisition method of a kind of karst underground as described in claim 1 hole, crack and soil information, feature exist
In: the step (4) lower opening, collecting soil sample tool is high 5.0cm, diameter 2.0cm in crack, volume 15.7cm3's
Cutting ring.
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