CN108613746A - A kind of photon detector calibrating installation and calibration method based on rolling stock infrared acquisition - Google Patents
A kind of photon detector calibrating installation and calibration method based on rolling stock infrared acquisition Download PDFInfo
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- CN108613746A CN108613746A CN201810696321.8A CN201810696321A CN108613746A CN 108613746 A CN108613746 A CN 108613746A CN 201810696321 A CN201810696321 A CN 201810696321A CN 108613746 A CN108613746 A CN 108613746A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of photon detector calibrating installations and calibration method based on rolling stock infrared acquisition, belong to railway security monitoring field.The device includes photon detector, amplification treatment circuit, comparison circuit, refrigeration control module, host computer, protection door and circumstance temperature sensor；This method is by one temperature-controllable of one or more sensitive member alignments, the relative constant semiconductor chilling plate of temperature, using the transformed voltage of cooling piece infra-red radiation as reference voltage, the voltage for the Target Infrared Radiation that the sensitive member of correcting detection obtains.Under non-acquisition mode, the calibration of system is carried out using the protection door of detection case, corrects corresponding parameter, ensures the accuracy and reliability of detection.The drift of photon detector and back-end circuit can be preferably minimized by the present invention, remove original system for calibration baffle, school zero circuit, the control of school zero components such as power supply, it reduces the fault point, improves the reliability of system, realize the continuous of system, low drifting, reliable and stable detection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to railway security monitoring field, specifically a kind of photon detector based on rolling stock infrared acquisition
Calibrating installation and calibration method.
Background technology
In railway security monitoring field, train has multiple components to need to monitor in the process of running, such as axle box, brake
Disk, traction electric machine and gear-box etc.；When these component malfunctions, often with the serious fever phenomenon of appearance.
Rolling stock infrared acquisition related system carries out detection and mistake with infrared detection technique to crucial operation component
Hot early warning.Most commonly detected using photon detector, but photon detector to the processing of signal using straight
Flow the mode of coupling.The mode of dc-couple is simple and reliable, but the output voltage after amplification can have drift.If drifted about
Greatly, the precision that will have a direct impact on detection influences the normal operation of system.
The main source of photon detector output voltage drift includes the sensitive member of device itself, amplification treatment circuit and electricity
Source.The proportion that itself caused output shift of drift of the sensitive member of device accounts for total drift value is larger, and about 95%；School zero circuit
Drift accounts for 4.9%.In order to reduce drift, current system uses the baffle similar to camera shutter as calibration background, profit
The school zero of detection output is realized with school zero circuit.But the calibration method for using baffle and school zero circuit to combine, there are following several
A problem：
1, baffle is external mechanical structure, it is difficult to integrated, miniaturization；
2, the operation of baffle needs the mechanical parts such as motor, connecting shaft holder and baffle controls circuit, in use easily
Generation problem is not opened or Guan Bushang, leads to system detection failure occur；
3, baffle is typically disposed in outside infrared probe, and temperature change is fast, influences the precision of detection.
4, there is certain drift in school zero circuit, goes wrong in hold mode and will have a direct impact on detector output voltage.
Invention content
The present invention is existing when rolling stock infrared detection system adds school zero circuit to calibrate using baffle in order to solve
The problem of, it realizes continuous, low drifting and reliable detection, provides a kind of photon detector based on rolling stock infrared acquisition
Calibrating installation and calibration method.
The calibrating installation includes：It is photon detector, amplification treatment circuit, comparison circuit, refrigeration control module, upper
Machine, protection door and circumstance temperature sensor；
Protection door is mounted on outside photon detector, and connects host computer；The output end of photon detector is separately connected amplification
Processing circuit and refrigeration control module, while connecting host computer, amplification treatment circuit connect comparison circuit, and comparison circuit is by photon
The output of detector passes to host computer；Circumstance temperature sensor is connected with host computer；Host computer connects refrigeration control module simultaneously.
The photon detector, by N number of detection sensitive first (N >=1), the sensitive member of at least one calibration, semiconductor refrigerating
Piece, ceramic substrate, thermoelectric cooler, package casing and detection window composition.
The components such as the sensitive member of package casing carrying detection, the sensitive member of calibration, semiconductor chilling plate and thermoelectric cooler, and visit
It surveys window and realizes sealing together.
The sensitive member of all calibrations and the sensitive member of detection are shared and are formed with one piece material photoetching, and are integrated in same ceramics
On substrate, the sensitive member of all calibrations is directed at semiconductor chilling plate and is capped, and individually detects semiconductor chilling plate；Semiconductor
Cooling piece is supported using ceramics bracket, is connected to package casing by heat sink, while semiconductor chilling plate connects external refrigeration
Control module.The sensitive member of N number of detection arranges by row straight line or disperses arrangement on a ceramic substrate, and ceramic substrate is fixed on thermoelectricity
Above refrigerator, thermoelectric cooler is directly mounted on the bottom of package casing, connects external refrigeration control module.Any state
Under, host computer carries out refrigeration control respectively by refrigeration control module to semiconductor chilling plate and thermoelectric cooler in real time.
Amplification treatment circuit is amplified the signal of the sensitive member of N number of detection and the sensitive member of calibration respectively, filters and shaping
After processing, and it is transferred to comparison circuit and the output voltage of the two is compared；And it is transferred to host computer.
Circumstance temperature sensor is for detecting target temperature calculating.
A kind of operation principle of the photon detector calibrating installation based on rolling stock infrared acquisition is as follows:
Under acquisition mode, protection door is opened, and detecting the infra-red radiation of target, to enter N number of detection on photon detector sensitive
It is unaffected to calibrate sensitive member for member.N number of voltage signal is obtained by opto-electronic conversion, using amplification treatment circuit to N number of detection
The signal of sensitive member is amplified, filter and the processing such as shaping after, obtain target acquisition voltage V2；
The infra-red radiation of the sensitive first real-time reception semiconductor chilling plate of calibration, stable electricity is exported by opto-electronic conversion always
Pressure, be amplified by the signal of amplification treatment circuit member sensitive to calibration, filter and the processing such as shaping after, obtain reference voltage
V1；
Comparison circuit is by target acquisition voltage V2And reference voltage V1After comparison, output difference voltage V is obtainedd, and
It is transferred to host computer；Host computer is according to reference voltage V1, target acquisition voltage V2With difference Vd, in conjunction with the temperature of the sensitive member of calibration
T1, the temperature Th of circumstance temperature sensor and the temperature of protection door calculate the temperature Tx of detection target.
The calibration method, is as follows：
Step 1: the infra-red radiation that the sensitive first real-time reception semiconductor chilling plate of calibration is constant, and begun by opto-electronic conversion
Output burning voltage V eventually1s, after amplification treatment circuit, the reference voltage V as the sensitive member of detection1。
It is when calibration sensitivity member is more than 1, the sensitive member of all calibrations is arranged in sequence in semiconductor chilling plate covering model
In enclosing, takes different weights to be weighted average computation according to its residing position relative to semiconductor chilling plate, obtain conduct
The benchmark average voltage of the sensitive member of detection
Step 2: under acquisition mode, detection target sends out infra-red radiation, is received by the detected sensitive member of detection window,
Output voltage V is obtained by opto-electronic conversion2s；Target acquisition voltage V is obtained after amplification treatment circuit2。
Step 3: reference voltage and target acquisition voltage are transferred to comparison circuit, output difference V respectivelyd。
Vd=| V1-V2|
Step 4: host computer is according to reference voltage V1, target acquisition voltage V2With difference Vd, in conjunction with the temperature of the sensitive member of calibration
The temperature of degree and circumstance temperature sensor calculates the temperature of detection target.
The hygrometric formula for detecting target is as follows：
Tx is the temperature for detecting target；T1 is the temperature of the sensitive member of calibration；Th is the temperature of circumstance temperature sensor；K is system
Heat emissivity coefficient；S is calibration compensation coefficient；β is circumstance temperature penalty coefficient.
Step 5: when non-acquisition mode, the sensitive member alignment protection door of detection of photon detector, host computer is according to protection door
The temperature of temperature and the sensitive member of calibration, carries out coefficient k, the calibration of S and β.
Calibration equation is as follows：
Tb is protection door temperature；VddIt is under non-acquisition mode, comparison circuit is to output reference voltage V1The sensitive member with detection
Voltage V22Difference.
The advantage of the invention is that：
(1) a kind of photon detector calibrating installation based on rolling stock infrared acquisition, eliminates mechanical shutter and school zero
Circuit reduces the complexity of system, improves the reliability of system.
(2) a kind of photon detector calibrating installation based on rolling stock infrared acquisition floats the output of photon detector
Shifting is reduced to close to zero.
(3) a kind of photon detector calibration method based on rolling stock infrared acquisition, real-time is high, can be simple, stable
Accurately realize the continuous probe to target.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of the photon detector calibrating installation based on rolling stock infrared acquisition of the present invention；
The present invention is based on the entities of photon detector in the photon detector calibrating installation of rolling stock infrared acquisition by Fig. 2
Figure；
Fig. 3 is that the present invention is based on the signals of the photon detector calibrating installation photon detector of rolling stock infrared acquisition
Figure；
Fig. 4 is a kind of flow chart of the photon detector calibration method based on rolling stock infrared acquisition of the present invention；
In figure, 1- photon detectors, 2- amplification treatment circuits, 3- comparison circuits, 4- host computers, 5- protection doors, 6- refrigeration
Control module, 7- circumstance temperature sensors；
The sensitive member of 101- calibrations, the sensitive member of 102- detections, 103- semiconductor chilling plates, 104- thermoelectric cooler, 105- potteries
Ceramic chip, 106- package casings, 107- detection windows.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation method of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention a kind of photon detector calibrating installation and calibration method based on rolling stock infrared acquisition, by light
Sub- detector optimizes, by the sensitive member of the one or more of calibrations of photon detector, in device inside with certain
Arrangement, one miniature for alignment, controllable temperature, the metastable semiconductor chilling plate of temperature.The semiconductor chilling plate is integrated in device
Inside part, some in photon detector or the sensitive member of multiple calibrations are covered.The sensitive member of the calibration is not blocked with other
The sensitive member of detection is on same substrate, the same radiator.Semiconductor chilling plate using thermoelectric cooling semi-conducting material and
Bridge architecture will not have an impact the detection sensitivity member of photon detector.The calibration being blocked inside photon detector is sensitive
Member, receives always that temperature is constant, reliable heat radiation is realized by converting and amplifying the reference voltage obtained later to other
The real time calibration of the sensitive member of detection.
As shown in Figure 1, including：Polynary photon detector 1, amplification treatment circuit 2, comparison circuit 3, refrigeration control module 6,
Host computer 4, protection door 5 and circumstance temperature sensor 7；
Protection door 5 is mounted on outside photon detector 1, and connects host computer 4；The output end of photon detector 1 is separately connected
Amplification treatment circuit 2 and refrigeration control module 6, while host computer 4 is connected, amplification treatment circuit 2 connects comparison circuit 3, compares
The output of photon detector 1 is passed to host computer 4 by circuit 3；Circumstance temperature sensor 7 and host computer 4 connect；Host computer 4 connects simultaneously
Connect refrigeration control module 6.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the photon detector 1 uses polynary photon detector, by N number of detection sensitive first 102
The sensitive member 101 of (N >=1), at least one calibration, semiconductor chilling plate 103, ceramic substrate 105, thermoelectric cooler 104, encapsulation are outer
Shell 106 and detection window 107 form.
The sensitive member 102 of the carrying detection of package casing 106, the sensitive member 101 of calibration, semiconductor chilling plate 103 and thermoelectric cooling
The components such as device 104 and detection window 107 realize sealing together.Package casing 106 and detection window 107 are calibration sensitive first 101
With detection the detection of sensitive member 102 provide sealing space and infra-red radiation by window, package casing 106 uses aluminium alloy material
Material, detection window 107 use sapphire material.
The sensitive member 101 of all calibrations member 102 sensitive with detection is consistent, shares and is formed with one piece material photoetching, and is integrated
On same ceramic substrate 105, ceramic substrate 105 is for carrying sensitive member.
All calibrations sensitive first 101 are directed at semiconductor chilling plate 103 and are capped, and individually detect semiconductor chilling plate
103；Semiconductor chilling plate 103 uses thermoelectric cooling semi-conducting material manufacturing, and is supported by ceramics bracket, and cooling piece temperature is
Ta, for the cryogenic temperature relative to detector there are one temperature difference Td, the calorific value of cooling piece is relatively low, and is connected to encapsulation by heat sink
Shell 106, while semiconductor chilling plate 103 connects external refrigeration control module 6, and by the control of refrigeration control module 6,
Refrigeration control module 6 is also generalized machine 4 simultaneously and is controlled, and ensures that semiconductor chilling plate 103 is in a metastable temperature
Degree realizes constant temperature to obtain a stable infra-red radiation.
N number of detection sensitive first 102 is not blocked by any, is arranged by row straight line or is disperseed to be arranged on ceramic substrate 105,
It can receive the infra-red radiation of detection target and heat radiation be converted to by weak voltage signals by photoelectric effect.
Ceramic substrate 105 is fixed on 104 top of thermoelectric cooler, and thermoelectric cooler 104 uses thermoelectric semiconductor material system
Make, be directly mounted on the bottom of package casing 106, freezes to all sensitive members, its operating temperature is reduced to steady state value,
Refrigerating capacity is more than 70 DEG C.Thermoelectric cooler 104 connects external refrigeration control module 6.Under any state, thermoelectric cooler
104 are ensured school by the control of refrigeration control module 6 and host computer 4 in addition the temperature uniform conductive of ceramic substrate 105 acts on
Sensitive member 102 is operated at a metastable temperature accurate sensitive member 101 with detection；Thermostatic control ensures calibration background and work
Make the stabilization of subenvironment.
The amplification treatment circuit 2 is mainly amplified the signal of sensitive member, filters and the processing such as shaping.
The comparison circuit 3 is used to calibrate sensitive member 101 and compares with the output voltage for detecting sensitive member 102.
The host computer 4 is for realizing refrigeration control, the calculating of detection target temperature and system calibration etc..
The protection door 5 is under non-acquisition mode for protecting detection case inner part, the back side to pass through blackening process, temperature
Degree is uniform, and is pasted with temperature sensor.
Circumstance temperature sensor 7 is used to calculate the temperature computation of detection target, and one is mainly provided when calculating relatively
Fixed parameter, for the temperature of environment where monitoring vehicle infrared detection system, temperature value Th can be to the calculating of target temperature
Accuracy has a certain impact.
A kind of operation principle of the photon detector calibrating installation based on rolling stock infrared acquisition is as follows:
Under acquisition mode, protection door is opened, and detecting the infra-red radiation of target, to enter N number of detection on photon detector sensitive
It is unaffected to calibrate sensitive member for member.N number of voltage signal is obtained by opto-electronic conversion, using amplification treatment circuit to N number of detection
The signal of sensitive member is amplified, filter and the processing such as shaping after, obtain target acquisition voltage V2；
The infra-red radiation of the sensitive first real-time reception semiconductor chilling plate of calibration, stable electricity is exported by opto-electronic conversion always
Pressure, be amplified by the signal of amplification treatment circuit member sensitive to calibration, filter and the processing such as shaping after, obtain reference voltage
V1；
Comparison circuit is by target acquisition voltage V2And reference voltage V1After comparison, output difference voltage Vd is obtained, and
It is transferred to host computer；Host computer is according to reference voltage V1, target acquisition voltage V2With difference Vd, in conjunction with the temperature of the sensitive member of calibration
T1, the temperature Th of circumstance temperature sensor and the temperature of protection door calculate the temperature Tx of detection target.
The calibration method, as shown in figure 4, being as follows：
Step 1: no matter in detection or non-acquisition mode, it is constant to calibrate sensitive first real-time reception semiconductor chilling plate
Infra-red radiation, and export burning voltage V always by opto-electronic conversion1s, after amplification treatment circuit, as the sensitive member of detection
Reference voltage V1。
It is when calibration sensitivity member is more than 1, the sensitive member of all calibrations is arranged in sequence in semiconductor chilling plate covering model
In enclosing, takes different weights to be weighted average computation according to the position of its residing opposite semiconductor chilling plate, obtain as spy
Survey the benchmark average voltage of sensitive member
Otherwise the infra-red radiation of semiconductor chilling plate must be easy to influence the sensitive member of calibration and visit within the scope of certain
Survey the operation is stable of sensitive member.
Step 2: under acquisition mode, detection target sends out infra-red radiation, is received by the detected sensitive member of detection window,
Output voltage V is obtained by opto-electronic conversion2s；Target acquisition voltage V is obtained after amplification treatment circuit2。
For the sensitive member of detection after absorbing more infra-red radiation, thermal resistance has slight variation, it will is embodied in heat
In the state of electric refrigerator, semiconductor chilling plate is then adjusted according to the state of thermoelectric cooler in real time, and the adjustment is by upper
Machine is completed to control.Under non-acquisition mode, detection target becomes nigrescence face of the protection door towards infrared detector, infrared spoke
It penetrates detected sensitive member and receives generated voltage by obtaining V after enhanced processing22。
Step 3: under acquisition mode, reference voltage and target acquisition voltage are transferred to comparison circuit, output difference respectively
Value Vd。
Vd=| V1-V2|
Under non-acquisition mode, by comparing circuit, the sensitive first voltage V of output detection22With reference voltage V1Difference Vdd。
Step 4: host computer is according to reference voltage V1, target acquisition voltage V2With difference Vd, in conjunction with the temperature of the sensitive member of calibration
The temperature of degree and circumstance temperature sensor calculates the temperature of detection target.
Reference voltage V1, target acquisition voltage V2With difference VdThree voltages are conveyed to host computer after AD conversion；It obtains
The hygrometric formula for detecting target is as follows：
Tx is the temperature for detecting target；T1 is the temperature of the sensitive member of calibration；Th is the temperature of circumstance temperature sensor；K is system
Heat emissivity coefficient；S is calibration compensation coefficient；β is circumstance temperature penalty coefficient.
Step 5: when non-acquisition mode, the sensitive member alignment protection door of detection of photon detector, host computer is according to protection door
The temperature of temperature and the sensitive member of calibration, in conjunction with reference voltage V1、V22And VddThe calibration for carrying out primary system, reacquires new
Parameter k, S and β.
Calibration equation is as follows：
Tb is protection door temperature；
Since the sensitive member of calibration is the very close subenvironment of member sensitive with other detections, the semiconductor detected
Cooling piece can be used as calibration output, use the output as benchmark, can realize real time calibration to avoid drift effect.In addition,
Protection door is also an opposite calibration background, and primary calibration is carried out by protection door every some cycles, thus it is ensured that system not by
The influence of other drifts (such as circuit drift).
The present invention stablizes detection output using the sensitive member of photon detector alignment, is carried for detector back-end processing circuit
Benchmark is supplied, the calibration of system detection output can be carried out by being implemented without baffle and school zero, reduce the machinery there are hidden danger
And electric components, system drifting is reduced, the reliability and stability of system are improved.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of photon detector calibrating installation based on rolling stock infrared acquisition, which is characterized in that including：Photon detection
Device, amplification treatment circuit, comparison circuit, refrigeration control module, host computer, protection door and circumstance temperature sensor；
Protection door is mounted on outside photon detector, and connects host computer；The output end of photon detector is separately connected enhanced processing
Circuit and refrigeration control module, while connecting host computer, amplification treatment circuit connect comparison circuit, and comparison circuit is by photon detection
The output of device passes to host computer；Circumstance temperature sensor is connected with host computer；Host computer connects refrigeration control module simultaneously；
The photon detector, by the sensitive member of N number of detection, the sensitive member of at least one calibration, semiconductor chilling plate, ceramic base
Piece, thermoelectric cooler, package casing and detection window composition；Wherein, N >=1；
The sensitive member of package casing carrying detection, the sensitive member of calibration, semiconductor chilling plate and thermoelectric cooler and detection window are together
Realize sealing；
The sensitive member of all calibrations and the sensitive member of detection are shared and are formed with one piece material photoetching, and are integrated in same ceramic substrate
On, the sensitive member of all calibrations is directed at semiconductor chilling plate and is capped, and individually detects semiconductor chilling plate；Semiconductor refrigerating
Piece is supported using ceramics bracket, is connected to package casing by heat sink, while semiconductor chilling plate connects external refrigeration control
Module；The sensitive member of N number of detection arranges by row straight line or disperses arrangement on a ceramic substrate, and ceramic substrate is fixed on thermoelectric cooling
Above device, thermoelectric cooler is directly mounted on the bottom of package casing, connects external refrigeration control module；Under any state,
Host computer carries out refrigeration control respectively by refrigeration control module to semiconductor chilling plate and thermoelectric cooler in real time；
Amplification treatment circuit is amplified the signal of the sensitive member of N number of detection and the sensitive member of calibration respectively, filters and Shape correction
Afterwards, it and is transferred to comparison circuit the output voltage of the two is compared；And it is transferred to host computer；
Circumstance temperature sensor is for detecting target temperature calculating.
2. a kind of photon detector calibrating installation based on rolling stock infrared acquisition as described in claim 1, feature exist
In for the protection door for protecting detection case inner part, the back side to pass through blackening process under non-acquisition mode, temperature is equal
It is even, and it is pasted with temperature sensor.
3. based on a kind of calibration side of the photon detector calibrating installation based on rolling stock infrared acquisition described in claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that be as follows：
Step 1: the infra-red radiation that the sensitive first real-time reception semiconductor chilling plate of calibration is constant, and it is defeated always by opto-electronic conversion
Go out burning voltage V1s, after amplification treatment circuit, the reference voltage V as the sensitive member of detection1；
It is when the sensitive member of calibration is more than 1, the sensitive member of all calibrations is arranged in sequence in semiconductor chilling plate coverage area,
It takes different weights to be weighted average computation according to its residing position relative to semiconductor chilling plate, obtains quick as detecting
Feel the benchmark average voltage of member
Step 2: under acquisition mode, detection target sends out infra-red radiation, receives, passes through by the detected sensitive member of detection window
Opto-electronic conversion obtains output voltage V2s；Target acquisition voltage V is obtained after amplification treatment circuit2；
Step 3: reference voltage and target acquisition voltage are transferred to comparison circuit, output difference V respectivelyd；
Vd=| V1-V2|
Step 4: host computer is according to reference voltage V1, target acquisition voltage V2With difference Vd, in conjunction with the sensitive member of calibration temperature and
The temperature of circumstance temperature sensor calculates the temperature of detection target；
The hygrometric formula for detecting target is as follows：
Tx is the temperature for detecting target；T1 is the temperature of the sensitive member of calibration；Th is the temperature of circumstance temperature sensor；K is the heat of system
Radiation coefficient；S is calibration compensation coefficient；β is circumstance temperature penalty coefficient；
Step 5: when non-acquisition mode, the sensitive member alignment protection door of detection of photon detector, host computer is according to protection door temperature
The temperature of sensitive member, carries out coefficient k, the calibration of S and β with calibration；
Calibration equation is as follows：
Tb is protection door temperature；VddIt is under non-acquisition mode, comparison circuit is to output reference voltage V1Sensitive first voltage with detection
V22Difference.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112753213A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-05-04 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Target positioning method, movable platform and storage medium |
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