CN108613746B - Photon detector calibration device and method based on railway vehicle infrared detection - Google Patents
Photon detector calibration device and method based on railway vehicle infrared detection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photon detector calibration device and a photon detector calibration method based on railway vehicle infrared detection, and belongs to the field of railway safety monitoring. The device comprises a photon detector, an amplifying circuit, a comparison circuit, a refrigeration control module, an upper computer, a protection door and a ring temperature sensor; the method aims at one or more sensitive elements at a semiconductor refrigerating sheet with controllable temperature and relatively constant temperature, and corrects the voltage of target infrared radiation acquired by detecting the sensitive elements by taking the voltage of the refrigerating sheet after infrared radiation conversion as reference voltage. And in the non-detection state, the protection door of the detection box is utilized to calibrate the system, correct corresponding parameters and ensure the accuracy and reliability of detection. The invention can minimize the drift of the photon detector and the back-end circuit, remove the components of the baffle, the zero-correction circuit, the zero-correction control power supply and the like used for the calibration of the original system, reduce fault points, improve the reliability of the system and realize the continuous, low-drift, reliable and stable detection of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of railway safety monitoring, and particularly relates to a photon detector calibration device and a photon detector calibration method based on railway vehicle infrared detection.
Background
In the railway safety monitoring field, a plurality of parts of a train need to be monitored in the running process, such as axle boxes, brake discs, traction motors, gear boxes and the like; when these components fail, severe heat generation tends to occur.
The related system for infrared detection of the railway vehicle utilizes an infrared detection technology to detect and overheat early-warning key operation components. The photon detector is most commonly used for detection, but the photon detector is used for processing signals in a direct current coupling mode. The direct current coupling mode is simple and reliable, but the output voltage after amplification has drift. If the drift is too large, the detection precision is directly affected, and the normal operation of the system is affected.
The main sources of the output voltage drift of the photon detector comprise a device sensitive element, an amplifying processing circuit and a power supply. The proportion of the output drift caused by the drift of the sensitive element of the device to the total drift amount is larger, which is about 95%; the drift of the zeroing circuit is 4.9%. To reduce drift, current systems use a shutter similar to a camera shutter as a calibration background to achieve zeroing of the detection output using a zeroing circuit. However, the following problems exist with the calibration method using a combination of baffles and zeroing circuitry:
1. the baffle is an external mechanical structure, so that integration and miniaturization are difficult;
2. the operation of the baffle plate requires mechanical components such as a motor, a connecting shaft bracket and the like and a baffle plate control circuit, and the baffle plate is easy to cause problems in the use process, and can not be opened or closed, so that the system detection fault is caused;
3. the baffle is generally arranged outside the infrared probe, the temperature change is fast, and the detection accuracy is affected.
4. The zero calibration circuit has certain drift, and the output voltage of the detector can be directly influenced when a problem occurs in the maintaining state.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a photon detector calibration device and a photon detector calibration method based on railway vehicle infrared detection, which aim to solve the problems existing when a railway vehicle infrared detection system is calibrated by adopting a baffle zero adding circuit and realize continuous, low-drift and reliable detection.
The calibration device comprises: the system comprises a photon detector, an amplifying circuit, a comparison circuit, a refrigeration control module, an upper computer, a protection door and a ring temperature sensor;
the protection door is arranged outside the photon detector and is connected with the upper computer; the output end of the photon detector is respectively connected with the amplifying processing circuit and the refrigerating control module, and is also connected with the upper computer, the amplifying processing circuit is connected with the comparing circuit, and the comparing circuit transmits the output of the photon detector to the upper computer; the ring temperature sensor is connected with the upper computer; the upper computer is simultaneously connected with the refrigeration control module.
The photon detector consists of N detection sensitive elements (N is more than or equal to 1), at least one calibration sensitive element, a semiconductor refrigerating sheet, a ceramic substrate, a thermoelectric refrigerator, a packaging shell and a detection window.
The packaging shell carries the detection sensitive element, the calibration sensitive element, the semiconductor refrigerating sheet, the thermoelectric refrigerator and other parts, and the components and the detection window are sealed together.
All calibration sensitive elements and detection sensitive elements are formed by photoetching the same material and are integrated on the same ceramic substrate, all the calibration sensitive elements are aligned to and covered by a semiconductor refrigerating sheet, and the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is detected independently; the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is supported by a ceramic bracket and connected to the packaging shell through a heat sink, and meanwhile, the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is connected with an external refrigerating control module. The N detection sensitive elements are arranged on the ceramic substrate in a straight line or in a dispersing way, the ceramic substrate is fixed above the thermoelectric refrigerator, and the thermoelectric refrigerator is directly attached to the bottom of the packaging shell and connected with an external refrigeration control module. In any state, the upper computer carries out refrigeration control on the semiconductor refrigeration sheet and the thermoelectric refrigerator respectively in real time through the refrigeration control module.
The amplifying processing circuit amplifies, filters and shapes the signals of the N detection sensitive elements and the calibration sensitive elements respectively and transmits the signals to the comparing circuit to compare the output voltages of the N detection sensitive elements and the calibration sensitive elements; and transmits the data to the upper computer.
The ring temperature sensor is used for detecting target temperature calculation.
The working principle of the photon detector calibration device based on railway vehicle infrared detection is as follows:
in the detection state, the protection door is opened, infrared radiation of a detection target enters N detection sensitive elements on the photon detector, and the calibration sensitive elements are not affected. The N voltage signals are obtained through photoelectric conversion, and then the N detection sensitive element signals are amplified, filtered, shaped and the like through an amplifying processing circuit to obtain the target detection voltage V 2 ；
The calibration sensitive element receives the infrared radiation of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet in real time, outputs stable voltage all the time through photoelectric conversion, and obtains reference voltage V after amplifying, filtering, shaping and other treatments on the signal of the calibration sensitive element by the amplifying processing circuit 1 ；
The comparison circuit detects the voltage V 2 And reference voltage V 1 After comparison, an output difference voltage V is obtained d And transmitting the data to an upper computer; the upper computer is based on the reference voltage V 1 Target detection voltage V 2 Sum and difference V d And calculating the temperature Tx of the detection target by combining the temperature T1 of the calibration sensitive element, the temperature Th of the ring temperature sensor and the temperature of the protection door.
The calibration method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, a calibration sensitive element receives constant infrared radiation of a semiconductor refrigerating sheet in real time and always outputs stable voltage V through photoelectric conversion 1s After the amplification processing circuit, the reference voltage V is used as a detection sensor 1 。
When the number of the calibration sensitive elements is more than 1, arranging all the calibration sensitive elements in the coverage area of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet in sequence, and carrying out weighted average calculation by taking different weights according to the positions of the calibration sensitive elements relative to the semiconductor refrigerating sheet to obtain the reference average voltage serving as the detection sensitive elements
In the detection state, the detection target emits infrared radiation, the infrared radiation is received by the detection sensitive element through the detection window, and the output voltage V is obtained through photoelectric conversion 2s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The target detection voltage V is obtained after the amplification processing circuit 2 。
Step three, respectively transmitting the reference voltage and the target detection voltage to a comparison circuit to output a difference value V d 。
V d ＝|V 1 -V 2 |
Step four, the upper computer is used for controlling the voltage according to the reference voltage V 1 Target detection voltage V 2 Sum and difference V d And calculating the temperature of the detection target by combining the temperature of the calibration sensitive element and the temperature of the ring temperature sensor.
The temperature formula of the detection target is as follows:
tx is the temperature of the detection target; t1 is the temperature of the calibration sensitive element; th is the temperature of the ring temperature sensor; k is the coefficient of thermal radiation of the system; s is a calibration compensation coefficient; beta is the ring temperature compensation coefficient.
And fifthly, in a non-detection state, the detection sensitive element of the photon detector is aligned to the protection gate, and the upper computer calibrates the coefficients k, S and beta according to the temperature of the protection gate and the temperature of the calibration sensitive element.
The calibration formula is as follows:
tb is the temperature of the protection door; v (V) dd In the non-detection state, the comparison circuit outputs the reference voltage V 1 With detecting the voltage V of the sensor 22 Is a difference in (c).
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) A photon detector calibration device based on railway vehicle infrared detection eliminates a mechanical baffle and a zero calibration circuit, reduces the complexity of a system and improves the reliability of the system.
(2) A photon detector calibration device based on railway vehicle infrared detection reduces the output drift of a photon detector to be close to zero.
(3) The photon detector calibration method based on the railway vehicle infrared detection has high real-time performance and can simply, stably and accurately realize continuous detection of the target.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photon detector calibration device based on infrared detection of a railway vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a physical diagram of a photon detector in the photon detector calibration device based on infrared detection of a railway vehicle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a photon detector of the photon detector calibration device based on infrared detection of a railway vehicle of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for calibrating a photon detector based on infrared detection of a railway vehicle according to the present invention;
in the figure, a 1-photon detector, a 2-amplifying processing circuit, a 3-comparing circuit, a 4-upper computer, a 5-protection gate, a 6-refrigeration control module and a 7-ring temperature sensor;
the sensor comprises a calibration sensor 101-a detection sensor 102-a semiconductor refrigerating sheet 103-a thermoelectric refrigerator 104-a ceramic substrate 105-a packaging shell 106-and a detection window 107-respectively.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a photon detector calibration device and a photon detector calibration method based on railway vehicle infrared detection, which aim at a miniature, temperature-controllable and relatively stable semiconductor refrigerating sheet by optimally designing the photon detector and arranging one or more calibration sensitive elements in the photon detector in a certain arrangement in the device. The semiconductor refrigerating sheet is integrated inside the device and covers one or more calibration sensitive elements in the photon detector. The calibration sensor and other non-shielded detection sensors are on the same substrate and the same radiator. The semiconductor refrigerating sheet adopts thermoelectric refrigerating semiconductor material and bridge type structure, and can not influence the detection sensitive element of the photon detector. The shielded calibration sensitive element in the photon detector always receives the thermal radiation with constant and reliable temperature, and the reference voltage obtained after conversion and amplification realizes the real-time calibration of other detection sensitive elements.
As shown in fig. 1, includes: the multi-photon detector comprises a multi-photon detector 1, an amplifying processing circuit 2, a comparison circuit 3, a refrigeration control module 6, an upper computer 4, a protection door 5 and a ring temperature sensor 7;
the protection door 5 is arranged outside the photon detector 1 and is connected with the upper computer 4; the output end of the photon detector 1 is respectively connected with an amplifying processing circuit 2 and a refrigerating control module 6, and is also connected with an upper computer 4, the amplifying processing circuit 2 is connected with a comparison circuit 3, and the comparison circuit 3 transmits the output of the photon detector 1 to the upper computer 4; the ring temperature sensor 7 is connected with the upper computer 4; the upper computer 4 is simultaneously connected with the refrigeration control module 6.
As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the photon detector 1 adopts a multi-photon detector, and consists of N detection sensitive elements 102 (N is more than or equal to 1), at least one calibration sensitive element 101, a semiconductor refrigerating sheet 103, a ceramic substrate 105, a thermoelectric refrigerator 104, a packaging shell 106 and a detection window 107.
The package housing 106 carries the components of the detection sensor 102, the calibration sensor 101, the semiconductor refrigeration piece 103, the thermoelectric refrigerator 104 and the like, and the components and the detection window 107 are sealed together. The packaging shell 106 and the detection window 107 provide a sealed space and a window through which infrared radiation passes for the detection of the calibration sensitive element 101 and the detection sensitive element 102, the packaging shell 106 is made of an aluminum alloy material, and the detection window 107 is made of a sapphire material.
All calibration sensors 101 and detection sensors 102 are identical, share the same piece of material, are formed by photoetching, and are integrated on the same ceramic substrate 105, and the ceramic substrate 105 is used for bearing the sensors.
All calibration sensitive elements 101 are aligned with the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 103 and covered, and the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 103 is detected independently; the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 103 is made of thermoelectric refrigerating semiconductor materials and is supported by a ceramic support, the temperature of the refrigerating sheet is Ta, a temperature difference Td exists relative to the refrigerating temperature of the detector, the heating value of the refrigerating sheet is low, the refrigerating sheet is connected to the packaging shell 106 through a heat sink, meanwhile, the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 103 is connected with the external refrigerating control module 6 and is controlled by the refrigerating control module 6, the refrigerating control module 6 is controlled by the upper computer 4 at the same time, the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 103 is ensured to be at a relatively stable temperature, and therefore stable infrared radiation is obtained to realize constant temperature.
The N detection sensitive elements 102 are not blocked by any, are arranged on the ceramic substrate 105 in a column and straight line or are distributed in a dispersing manner, and can receive the infrared radiation of the detection target and convert the thermal radiation into weak voltage signals through the photoelectric effect.
The ceramic substrate 105 is fixed above the thermoelectric refrigerator 104, the thermoelectric refrigerator 104 is made of thermoelectric semiconductor material, and is directly attached to the bottom of the packaging shell 106 to refrigerate all sensitive elements, so that the working temperature of the sensitive elements is reduced to a constant value, and the refrigerating capacity is higher than 70 ℃. The thermoelectric cooler 104 is connected with the external refrigeration control module 6. In any state, the thermoelectric refrigerator 104 is controlled by the refrigeration control module 6 and the upper computer 4, and the temperature of the ceramic substrate 105 is uniformly conducted, so that the calibration sensor 101 and the detection sensor 102 are ensured to work at a relatively stable temperature; the constant temperature control ensures the stability of the calibration background and the working small environment.
The amplification processing circuit 2 mainly performs amplification, filtering, shaping and other processes on signals of the sensitive elements.
The comparison circuit 3 is used for comparing the output voltages of the calibration sensor 101 and the detection sensor 102.
The upper computer 4 is used for realizing refrigeration control, detection target temperature calculation, system calibration and the like.
The protection door 5 is used for protecting the components in the detection box in a non-detection state, the back surface of the protection door is subjected to blackening treatment, the temperature is uniform, and a temperature sensor is attached.
The ring temperature sensor 7 is used for calculating the temperature of the detected target, and mainly provides a relatively fixed parameter during calculation to monitor the temperature of the environment where the vehicle infrared detection system is located, and the temperature value Th has a certain influence on the calculation accuracy of the target temperature.
The working principle of the photon detector calibration device based on railway vehicle infrared detection is as follows:
in the detection state, the protection door is opened, infrared radiation of a detection target enters N detection sensitive elements on the photon detector, and the calibration sensitive elements are not affected. The N voltage signals are obtained through photoelectric conversion, and then the N detection sensitive element signals are amplified, filtered, shaped and the like through an amplifying processing circuit to obtain the target detection voltage V 2 ；
The calibration sensitive element receives the infrared radiation of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet in real time, outputs stable voltage all the time through photoelectric conversion, and obtains reference voltage V after amplifying, filtering, shaping and other treatments on the signal of the calibration sensitive element by the amplifying processing circuit 1 ；
The comparison circuit detects the voltage V 2 And reference voltage V 1 After comparison, an output difference voltage Vd is obtained and transmitted to an upper computer; the upper computer is based on the reference voltage V 1 Target detection voltage V 2 Sum and difference V d And calculating the temperature Tx of the detection target by combining the temperature T1 of the calibration sensitive element, the temperature Th of the ring temperature sensor and the temperature of the protection door.
The calibration method, as shown in fig. 4, specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, no matter in a detection or non-detection state, the calibration sensitive element receives the constant infrared radiation of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet in real time and always outputs stable voltage V through photoelectric conversion 1s After the amplification processing circuit, the reference voltage V is used as a detection sensor 1 。
When the number of the calibration sensitive elements is more than 1, arranging all the calibration sensitive elements in the coverage area of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet in sequence, and carrying out weighted average calculation according to different weights of the calibration sensitive elements relative to the positions of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet to obtain a reference average voltage serving as a detection sensitive element
The infrared radiation of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet must be within a certain range, otherwise, the operation stability of the calibration sensitive element and the detection sensitive element is easily affected.
In the detection state, the detection target emits infrared radiation, the infrared radiation is received by the detection sensitive element through the detection window, and the output voltage V is obtained through photoelectric conversion 2s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The target detection voltage V is obtained after the amplification processing circuit 2 。
After the detecting sensitive element absorbs more infrared radiation, the thermal resistance of the detecting sensitive element slightly changes and is reflected on the state of the thermoelectric refrigerator, and the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is adjusted in real time according to the state of the thermoelectric refrigerator, and the adjustment is controlled by the upper computer. In the non-detection state, the detection target becomes a blackening surface of the protection gate facing the infrared detector, and the voltage generated by the infrared radiation received by the detection sensitive element is amplified to obtain V 22 。
Step three, in the detection state, the reference voltage and the target detection voltage are respectively transmitted to a comparison circuit to output a difference value V d 。
V d ＝|V 1 -V 2 |
In the non-detection state, the voltage V of the detection sensitive element is output through the comparison circuit 22 With reference voltage V 1 Is the difference V of (2) dd 。
Step four, the upper computer is used for controlling the voltage according to the reference voltage V 1 Target detection voltage V 2 Sum and difference V d And calculating the temperature of the detection target by combining the temperature of the calibration sensitive element and the temperature of the ring temperature sensor.
Reference voltage V 1 Target detection voltage V 2 Sum and difference V d The three voltages are transmitted to an upper computer after AD conversion; the temperature formula for the detected target is as follows:
tx is the temperature of the detection target; t1 is the temperature of the calibration sensitive element; th is the temperature of the ring temperature sensor; k is the coefficient of thermal radiation of the system; s is a calibration compensation coefficient; beta is the ring temperature compensation coefficient.
Fifth, when in a non-detection state, the detection sensitive element of the photon detector is aligned to the protection gate, and the upper computer combines the reference voltage V according to the temperature of the protection gate and the temperature of the calibration sensitive element 1 、V 22 And V dd And performing systematic calibration once, and re-acquiring new parameters k, S and beta.
The calibration formula is as follows:
tb is the temperature of the protection door;
because the calibration sensitive element is a small environment very close to other detection sensitive elements, the detected semiconductor refrigerating sheet can be used as a calibration output, and drift influence can be avoided by using the output as a reference, so that real-time calibration is realized. In addition, the protection gate is also a relative calibration background, and the protection gate performs calibration at regular intervals, so that the system is not influenced by other drift (such as circuit drift).
The invention provides a reference for a rear-end processing circuit of the detector by utilizing the stable detection output of the calibration sensitive element in the photon detector, realizes the calibration of the detection output of the system without a baffle plate and zero calibration, reduces mechanical and electrical parts with hidden danger, reduces the drift of the system and improves the reliability and the stability of the system.
Claims (3)
1. A photon detector calibration device based on infrared detection of a railway vehicle, comprising: the system comprises a photon detector, an amplifying circuit, a comparison circuit, a refrigeration control module, an upper computer, a protection door and a ring temperature sensor;
the protection door is arranged outside the photon detector and is connected with the upper computer; calibrating the protection door once at regular intervals; the output end of the photon detector is respectively connected with the amplifying processing circuit and the refrigerating control module, and is also connected with the upper computer, the amplifying processing circuit is connected with the comparing circuit, and the comparing circuit transmits the output of the photon detector to the upper computer; the ring temperature sensor is connected with the upper computer; the upper computer is simultaneously connected with the refrigeration control module;
the photon detector consists of N detection sensitive elements, at least one calibration sensitive element, a semiconductor refrigerating sheet, a ceramic substrate, a thermoelectric refrigerator, a packaging shell and a detection window; wherein N is more than or equal to 1;
the packaging shell bears the detection sensitive element, the calibration sensitive element, the semiconductor refrigerating sheet and the thermoelectric refrigerator, and the packaging shell and the detection window are sealed together;
all calibration sensitive elements and detection sensitive elements are formed by photoetching the same material and are integrated on the same ceramic substrate, all the calibration sensitive elements are aligned to and covered by a semiconductor refrigerating sheet, and the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is detected independently; the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is supported by a ceramic bracket and connected to the packaging shell through a heat sink, and meanwhile, the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is connected with an external refrigerating control module; the N detection sensitive elements are arranged on the ceramic substrate in a straight line or in a dispersing way, the ceramic substrate is fixed above the thermoelectric refrigerator, and the thermoelectric refrigerator is directly attached to the bottom of the packaging shell and connected with an external refrigeration control module; in any state, the upper computer carries out refrigeration control on the semiconductor refrigeration sheet and the thermoelectric refrigerator respectively in real time through the refrigeration control module;
the amplifying processing circuit amplifies, filters and shapes the signals of the N detection sensitive elements and the calibration sensitive elements respectively and transmits the signals to the comparing circuit to compare the output voltages of the N detection sensitive elements and the calibration sensitive elements; and transmitting the data to an upper computer;
the ring temperature sensor is used for detecting target temperature calculation.
2. The photon detector calibration device based on the infrared detection of the railway vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protection door is used for protecting the components in the detection box in a non-detection state, the back surface of the protection door is subjected to blackening treatment, the temperature is uniform, and a temperature sensor is attached.
3. The method for calibrating the photon detector calibration device based on the infrared detection of the railway vehicle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one, a calibration sensitive element receives constant infrared radiation of a semiconductor refrigerating sheet in real time and always outputs stable voltage V through photoelectric conversion 1s After the amplification processing circuit, the reference voltage V is used as a detection sensor 1 ；
Aiming at the situation that the number of the calibration sensitive elements is more than 1, arranging all the calibration sensitive elements in the coverage area of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet in sequence, taking different weights according to the positions of the calibration sensitive elements relative to the semiconductor refrigerating sheet, and carrying out weighted average calculation to obtain the reference average voltage serving as the detection sensitive elementsReference voltage V as detection sensor 1 ；
In the detection state, the detection target emits infrared radiation, the infrared radiation is received by the detection sensitive element through the detection window, and the output voltage V is obtained through photoelectric conversion 2s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The target detection voltage V is obtained after the amplification processing circuit 2 ；
Step three, respectively transmitting the reference voltage and the target detection voltage to a comparison circuit to output a difference value V d ；
V d ＝|V 1 -V 2 |
Step four, the upper computer is used for controlling the voltage according to the reference voltage V 1 Target detection voltage V 2 Sum and difference V d Calculating the temperature of the detection target by combining the temperature of the calibration sensitive element and the temperature of the ring temperature sensor;
the temperature formula of the detection target is as follows:
tx is the temperature of the detection target; t1 is the temperature of the calibration sensitive element; th is the temperature of the ring temperature sensor; k is the coefficient of thermal radiation of the system; s is a calibration compensation coefficient; beta is a ring temperature compensation coefficient;
fifthly, in a non-detection state, a detection sensitive element of the photon detector is aligned to the protection gate, and the upper computer calibrates coefficients k, S and beta according to the temperature of the protection gate and the temperature of the calibration sensitive element;
the calibration formula is as follows:
tb is the temperature of the protection door; v (V) dd In the non-detection state, the comparison circuit outputs the reference voltage V 1 With detecting the voltage V of the sensor 22 Is a difference in (c).
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