CN108613645A - A kind of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method based on parameter Estimation - Google Patents
A kind of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method based on parameter Estimation Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
- G01F23/2962—Measuring transit time of reflected waves
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method based on parameter Estimation, includes the following steps：Signal collection device is used to collect the echo-signal in absorbing well, absorption well first, to the signal de-noising being collected into, extract feature, grader is established to classify, then parameter Estimation is carried out to corresponding signal using different mathematical models, ultrasonic propagation time parameter is estimated, shaft bottom silt depth is calculated using the spread speed of time parameter combination ultrasonic wave in water.The present invention is different from the threshold method used in conventional ultrasound wave measurement, can effectively avoid the distracter in echo, keep measurement result more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultrasound examination fields, and in particular to a kind of Pb-Zn deposits underground absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness side
Method.
Background technology
Mine drainage is an important factor for influencing mining area safety production safely, and drainage underground is to underground work personnel and equipment
Safety is extremely important, is the most basic condition of underground work.Due to underground work exploitation etc., the water of underground is all more muddy
Turbid, water is easy to generate mud in absorbing well, absorption well after absorbing well, absorption well aggregation.The measuring device of water suction Well Water Level is ultrasonic solution at present
Position meter provides liquid level by measuring probe to the distance between liquid level surface, and this measurement method has ignored shaft bottom precipitation
Silt depth, longer with dampening assemble index, error is increasing.Water color in absorbing well, absorption well is deeper, can not be estimated with eye
The mud position height for going out precipitated sludge causes water pump pumping to be extracted into less than water or water pump when mud height reaches Pump Suction water level
Mud causes the damage of water pump.With the further development of computer automation technology, unattended pump house etc. is one
Development trend if level measuring is inaccurate, or cannot accurately know the thickness of mud, may cause serious consequence.Cause
This obtains the exact thickness of mud, is to realize mine water pump house etc. unattended reliable guarantee.
Measuring silt depth under absorbing well, absorption well usually has artificial inserted link method, photoelectric method, adjustable for height concentration measuring device
Deng.The real-time acquisition silt depth information that manually inserted link method cannot be online, measurement is cumbersome, and restrictive condition is more, the pole under mine
For inconvenience.Photoelectric method measurement belongs to contact type measurement, and accuracy is higher, but installs complicated, plant maintenance trouble.It is adjustable for height
Densimeter utilizes the height change of densimeter, measures the concentration of each height in absorbing well, absorption well, when concentration becomes at a certain height
Illustrate to be sludge level at this when changing big, which is just silt depth, and the installation cost is higher and is needed when measuring continuous
Mobile densimeter, it is more fragile under mine.
Ultrasonic ranging generates reflection signal when encountering measured object based on ultrasonic signal, can be estimated according to echo-signal
Go out the distance between ultrasonic probe and measured object, when Most current ultrasonic ranging is using threshold method estimation ultrasonic propagation
Between, in absorbing well, absorption well under Pb-Zn deposits, there are impurity under heavy metal particles and other mines to interfere, and is difficult to obtain using conventional threshold values method
Accurate information.Therefore it designs and a kind of estimating that ultrasonic propagation time can pole based on the method for estimation of Gauss echo signal model
Big raising measurement accuracy, and the corresponding echo mathematical model of different echo-signals differs, and the echo under different models is believed
It number sorts out to be the premise accurately measured.Echo mathematical model can be simplified without influencing by obtaining the envelope of echo-signal
Measurement accuracy uses different mathematical models for different echo-signals, and the parameter of most critical is super in ultrasonic ranging
Acoustic transit time.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of methods of absorbing well, absorption well silt depth under mine using ultrasonic measurement, first to signal
Denoising is carried out, then classification carries out parameter Estimation to corresponding echo-signal using different mathematical models, estimates ultrasonic wave
Propagation time calculates corresponding silt depth according to the transmission speed of ultrasonic wave in water.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows：
S1：Ultrasonic transducer probe is mounted on to the position of distance water suction bottom level altitude, probe distance bottom of pond
Height is h, using ultrasonic transducer and signal acquiring system, obtains ultrasonic wave after water suction bottom water sludge interface reflection
Echo-signal, collects p group echo-signals under different operating modes, and p meets 50≤p≤500；
S2：9 layers of wavelet decomposition are carried out for ultrasonic echo signal, each layer wavelet coefficient is obtained, uses Hesusure thresholds
It is worth choosing method and carries out noise reduction process, carries out coefficient processing using soft-threshold function, wavelet coefficient carries out letter using treated
Number reconstruct, improve Signal-to-Noise；
S3：Feature extraction is carried out for the signal after denoising, random forest grader is then established and classifies, by signal
It is divided into three types；
S4：For different classes of echo-signal, using different Gauss echo mathematical models, respectively single echo mould
Type, double back wave pattern and three echo models；
S5：Hilbert transform is done to signal, takes absolute value to obtain signal envelope；
S6：For signal envelope, parameter Estimation is carried out using the Gaussian echo model after simplification, Gauss single echo model isWherein β is amplitude, and a is bandwidth factor, and τ is the propagation time, and p (t) is noise, and t becomes for the time
Amount, double back wave pattern areWherein β21、β22For two echoes
Amplitude respectively, a21、a22For the bandwidth factor of two echoes respectively, τ21、τ22For two echoes respectively propagation time, three times
Wave pattern isWherein β31、β32、β33
For the amplitude of three echoes respectively, a31、a32、a33For the bandwidth factor of three echoes respectively, τ31、τ32、τ33For three echoes point
Other propagation time；
S7：Parameter Estimation is carried out to envelope signal using artificial bee colony algorithm, estimates single echo flight time τ respectively,
Double echo flight time τ21, τ22, three echo flight time τ31, τ32, τ33；
S8：For single echo signal, ultrasonic transmission distance is calculatedWherein d1For single echo ultrasonic wave
Transmission range, v is the transmission speed of ultrasonic wave in water, if hxFor silt depth, then hx=h-d1, for double echo signal, surpass
Sonic transmissions distance isOrWherein d21、d22Respectively the first echo and second time
The transmission range of wave, silt depth hx=h-d21Or hx=h-d22, for three echo-signals, give up the corresponding ginseng of third echo
Number, ultrasonic transmission distance areOrSilt depth is hx=h-d31Or hx=h-
d32, wherein d31、d32The respectively transmission range of the first echo, the second echo.
By ultrasonic transducer probe installation, level altitude position, the selected probe angle of departure are 6 ° under water in the S1,
Probe distance bottom of pond height is h, and historical high mud position is hm, h meets h-hm>=30cm, the point centered on probe, probe face is water
Plane, to being to measure space down toward bottom of pond, in the cylindrical space that radius is h*tan3 ° of+h ', measuring space planted agent exclusion may
The solid obstacle of interference echo is generated, h ' is amount of redundancy, is met
9 layers of wavelet decomposition are carried out to original signal using wavelet function in the S2, obtain each layer wavelet coefficient, are used
Hesusure threshold value selection rules, in conjunction with fixed threshold rule and unbiased possibility predication adaptive threshold rule, specific steps
It is as follows：
S21：Threshold value as defined in fixed threshold rule is calculated firstN is signal length, and σ is noise
Standard deviation；
S22：Then unbiased possibility predication adaptive threshold Rigrsure threshold values, wavelet coefficient square vector X=are calculated
[x1, x2..., xn], wherein x1≤x2≤…≤xn, n is the number of this layer of wavelet coefficient, if a risk vector is：S=[s1,
s2..., si..., sn], each element is in risk vector：From risk vector
In find out minimum value sminAs value-at-risk, the corresponding x of minimum risk value subscript coefficient is found outmin, then adaptive threshold be：
S23：In conjunction with above two threshold value selection rule, if K is certain layer of wavelet coefficient quadratic sum after wavelet decomposition, definition ginseng
NumberParameterMixed type threshold value λhValue rule isWhen true
After determining threshold value, soft-threshold function is selected to handle wavelet coefficient, soft-threshold function is：
Wherein xnFor through soft-threshold function treated new wavelet coefficient；
S24：After carrying out threshold process to wavelet coefficient, signal reconstruction is carried out, obtains the signal after noise reduction.
Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well water sludge interface echo-signal is divided into three kinds of classifications by the S3, corresponds to three kinds of different mud respectively
Water termination situation, respectively single echo signal, double echo signal and three echo-signals can preferably estimate water sludge interface position
With sediment constituent.
The S5 does Hilbert transform to signal
WhereinS (t) is original signal, then takes absolute value to obtain to the signal after Hilbert transformG (t) is signal top half envelope, in ultrasonic ranging, the parameter of most critical be ultrasonic wave in water
The time of propagation, i.e. time parameter corresponding to signal amplitude peak, after seeking envelope to original signal, signal amplitude peak
Corresponding time parameter is constant, and corresponding mathematical model greatly simplifies, and is more advantageous to subsequent parameter Estimation.
The S6 carries out parameter Estimation using simplified echo model, and single echo model is
Double back wave pattern isThree echo models areUse the echo model after simplification
Number of parameters to be estimated can be reduced, needs to estimate that five parameters, double back wave parameter are ten in unreduced single echo model,
Three echo parameters are 15, and single echo parameter is three after simplifying, and double echo is six, and three echoes are nine, are greatly subtracted
Calculation amount when estimation parameter is lacked.
The S7 carries out parameter Estimation respectively using the signal of three kinds of models of artificial bee colony algorithm pair, is with single echo model
Example, can be divided into following steps：
S71：Single echo model parameter dimension is 3, it is assumed that li=[li1, li2, li3] indicate that i-th of nectar source, nectar source generate public
Formula is：lij=lbj+ r and (0,1) (luj-lbj), wherein lbjFor the lower bound of j-th of parameter, lujFor the upper bound of each parameter of jth,
lujFor newly-generated nectar source, r and (0,1) are the random number between 0 to 1, and generating formula using nectar source generates initial nectar source, i.e.,
Corresponding feasible solution；
S72：After generating initial nectar source, following formula is used
Assess the fitness in each nectar source, wherein fitiIndicate the fitness of i-th of feasible solution, obiFor object function；
S73：Artificial bee colony algorithm passes through formula l 'ij=lij+ r and (- 1,1) (lij-lkj) update nectar source, wherein l '
For new nectar source, lijFor current nectar source, lkjRandom nectar source is closed on for one, the present invention proposes a kind of new more new formula：l′ij
=lij+ ε r and (- 0.5,0.5) (lij-lkj), wherein：
Assurance coefficient ε is maintained at (0,1) first, when bound apart from it is larger when provide a smaller coefficient, when upper and lower
Boundary's spacing provides a larger coefficient when smaller, can accelerate renewal rate and improve accuracy.
S74：According to probability calculation formulaIt is the quantity for observing bee to select nectar source, wherein N/2.
S75：The fitness for calculating new nectar source continues to update nectar source according to nectar source more new formula, and when nectar source, iteration is certain
Fitness does not improve after number, is absorbed in local optimum in order to prevent, then abandons the nectar source.
S76：It repeats above step and selects optimal feasible solution by greedy algorithm in defined cycle-index；
Similarly, double back involves three echo parameters and can also be estimated according to above step.
The S8：For single echo signal, ultrasonic transmission distance is calculatedThen silt depth is hx=
h-d1, for double echo signal, ultrasonic transmission distance isOrSilt depth is
hx=h-d21Or hx=h-d22, for three echo-signals, give up the corresponding parameter of third echo, ultrasonic transmission distance isOrSilt depth is hx=h-d31Or hx=h-d32, need to select according to measurement
Go out corresponding silt depth value.
The present invention proposes a kind of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method based on parameter Estimation.Underground mining operation
Frequently, constantly there is underground water to be discharged into absorbing well, absorption well, excluded with water pump when liquid level transfinites, it in the process can be in water suction bottom
A large amount of silt deposits are generated, are accumulated over a long period, silt depth is continuously increased, can be to water pump when mud height reaches pumping for water pump position
Generate damage.The existing means of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well can only measure height of water level, due to well water muddiness, can not observe mud thickness
Degree.Traditional ultrasonic ranging determines the ultrasonic transmission time by threshold method, when signal amplitude reaches defined threshold value
Think that echo-signal arrived, which is the echo corresponding time, and the method is feasible under the limpider operating mode of water quality, but
It is that there are a variety of disturbing factors in absorbing well, absorption well under mine, might have the threshold method that certain interference are and generate error.Based on this, originally
Invention proposes that a kind of measurement scheme based on echo mathematics model parameter estimation, the echo-signal denoising that will be collected into first are divided
Class, then parameter Estimation is carried out using corresponding mathematical model to different echo types, accurately estimate ultrasonic propagation time.
In parameter Estimation link, user's worker bee swarm parameter estimation technique, artificial bee colony algorithm passes through formula l 'ij=lij+r and(-
1,1) (lij-lkj) updating nectar source, wherein l ' is new nectar source, lijFor current nectar source, lkjRandom nectar source is closed on for one, this
Invention proposes a kind of new more new formula：l′ij=lij+ ε r and (- 0.5,0.5) (lij-lkj), wherein：
Assurance coefficient ε is maintained at (0,1), when bound apart from it is larger when provide a smaller coefficient, when between bound
Away from it is smaller when provide a larger coefficient, using bound distance size control update step-length selection, can accelerate more
New rate simultaneously improves accuracy.After estimating the parameter of needs, in conjunction with the spread speed of ultrasonic wave in water, calculated,
To obtain corresponding silt depth, complete to measure.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In order in further detail, specific description technical scheme of the present invention and advantage, it is with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, right
The present invention is further described in detail.
As shown in Fig. 1 flow charts of the present invention, a kind of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method based on parameter Estimation,
Include the following steps：
S1：In order to be collected into echo-signal, needs ultrasonic transducer probe being mounted on and be fixed apart from water suction bottom
The position of height, the ultrasonic transducer angle of departure used in the present embodiment is 6 °, in order to make in the signal being collected into without dry
Signal, selected distance pool wall 0.5m are disturbed, sluggish flow precipitates sufficient region, pops one's head in using irony stock fixing of energy converter.Iron
Matter stock upper end is fixed on above absorbing well, absorption well on baffle, and lower end connects transducer probe, is fixed on the height and position chosen.This
Pb-Zn deposits water suction well depth 3.5m selected by embodiment, historical high mud position 0.9m, water level is generally kept in 1.5m height or more, therefore selects
It selects to fix away from bottom of pond 1.4m height and pop one's head in.Run signal acquisition system after ultrasonic transducer is installed, obtains ultrasonic wave through inhaling
Echo-signal after the reflection of well bottom water sludge interface, collects 50 groups of echo-signals under different operating modes.
S2：9 layers of wavelet decomposition are carried out for ultrasonic echo signal, each layer wavelet coefficient is obtained, uses Hesusure thresholds
It is worth choosing method and carries out noise reduction process, carries out coefficient processing using soft-threshold function, wavelet coefficient carries out letter using treated
Number reconstruct, improves Signal-to-Noise, in conjunction with fixed threshold rule and unbiased possibility predication adaptive threshold rule, calculates first
Threshold value as defined in fixed threshold ruleσ is the standard deviation of noise, and it is adaptive then to calculate unbiased possibility predication
Threshold value Rigrsure threshold values, vectorial X=[x1, x2..., xn], wherein x1≤x2≤…≤xn, n is the number of this layer of wavelet coefficient,
If a risk vector is：S=[s1, s2..., si..., sn], each element is in risk vector：Minimum value s is found out from risk vectorminAs value-at-risk, minimum is found out
The corresponding x of value-at-risk subscript coefficientmin, then adaptive threshold be：In conjunction with above two threshold value selection rule,
If K is certain layer of wavelet coefficient quadratic sum after wavelet decomposition, defined parametersParameterMixed type
Threshold value λhValue rule isAfter threshold value, select soft-threshold function to wavelet coefficient
It is handled, soft-threshold function is：
Wherein xnFor through soft-threshold function treated new wavelet coefficient.
S3：For after denoising signal carry out wavelet decomposition modulus maximum feature extraction, using modulus maximum feature as
Input, with Gini impurity levels come select divide attribute, establish CART decision trees, Gini impurity levels are defined as：
Wherein y is sample class quantity, pkGini impurity levels for kth class sample proportion, wherein attribute Z define
For：
It using CART decision trees as base learner, establishes random forest grader and classifies, signal is divided into three types,
Three kinds of mathematical models, respectively single echo model, double back wave pattern and three echo models are corresponded to respectively.
S4：Contain in the Gaussian echo model of original signal there are five parameter to be estimated, the ginseng that we pay close attention to the most in this example
Number is ultrasonic propagation time, can do envelope to signal, peak for time shaft position will not change, and mould
Type but can greatly simplify.Hilbert transform is done to signal,WhereinS (t) is original signal, so
Afterwards the signal after Hilbert transform is taken absolute value to obtain
S5：For signal envelope, parameter Estimation is carried out using the Gaussian echo model after simplification, Gauss single echo model isDouble back wave pattern isThree
Echo model is
S6：Parameter Estimation is carried out using artificial bee colony algorithm to envelope signal to be as follows by taking single echo as an example：
Step 1：Single echo model parameter dimension is 3, it is assumed that li=[li1, li2, li3] indicate that i-th of nectar source, nectar source generate
Formula is：lij=lbj+ r and (0,1) (luj-lbj), wherein lbjFor the lower bound of j-th of parameter, lujFor the upper of each parameter of jth
Boundary, lujFor newly-generated nectar source, r and (0,1) are the random number between 0 to 1, and generating formula using nectar source generates initial honey
Source, i.e., corresponding feasible solution；
Step 2：After generating initial nectar source, following formula is used
Assess the fitness in each nectar source, wherein fitiIndicate the fitness of i-th of feasible solution, obiFor object function,
The present embodiment establishes object function by least square methodWherein s (i) measurements obtain
Original signal sequence, zi(t) be i-th nectar source for signal model；
Step 3：Artificial bee colony algorithm passes through formula l 'ij=lij+ r and (- 1,1) (lij-lkj) update nectar source, wherein
L ' is new nectar source, lijFor current nectar source, lkjRandom nectar source is closed on for one, the present invention proposes a kind of new more new formula：
l′ij=lij+ ε r and (- 0.5,0.5) (lij-lkj), wherein：
Assurance coefficient ε is maintained at (0,1), when bound apart from it is larger when provide a smaller coefficient, when between bound
Away from it is smaller when provide a larger coefficient, renewal rate can be accelerated and improve accuracy；
Step 4：According to probability calculation formulaIt is the quantity for observing bee, this reality to select nectar source, wherein N/2
It applies and N=40 is set in example；
Step 5：The fitness for calculating new nectar source continues to update nectar source, when nectar source iteration 20 according to nectar source more new formula
Fitness does not improve after secondary, is absorbed in local optimum in order to prevent, then abandons the nectar source；
Step 6：Above step is repeated, the present embodiment regulation is selected most at 10000 times in cycle by greedy algorithm
Excellent feasible solution, similarly, double back involves three echo parameters can also be estimated according to above step.Single echo is estimated respectively to fly
Row time τ, double echo flight time τ21, τ22, three echo flight time τ31, τ32, τ33。
S7：For single echo signal, ultrasonic transmission distance is calculatedWherein d1For single echo ultrasonic wave
Transmission range, v is the transmission speed of ultrasonic wave in water, if hxFor silt depth, then hx=h-d1, for double echo signal, surpass
Sonic transmissions distance isOrWherein d21、d22Respectively the first echo and second time
The transmission range of wave, silt depth hx=h-d21Or hx=h-d22, for three echo-signals, give up the corresponding ginseng of third echo
Number, ultrasonic transmission distance areOrSilt depth is hx=h-d31Or hx=h-
d32, wherein d31、d32The respectively transmission range of the first echo, the second echo.
Embodiment in being described above is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, the claimed range of the present invention and not only
It is limited only to above-mentioned specific implementation mode, without creative efforts, obtains the side substantially identical with the present invention
Case also belongs to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method based on parameter Estimation, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
S1：Ultrasonic transducer probe is mounted on to the position of distance water suction bottom level altitude, probe distance bottom of pond height
For h echo of the ultrasonic wave after water suction bottom water sludge interface reflection is obtained using ultrasonic transducer and signal acquiring system
Signal, collects p group echo-signals under different operating modes, and p meets 50≤p≤500；
S2：9 layers of wavelet decomposition are carried out for ultrasonic echo signal, each layer wavelet coefficient is obtained, is selected using Hesusure threshold values
It takes method to carry out noise reduction process, coefficient processing is carried out using soft-threshold function, wavelet coefficient carries out signal weight using treated
Structure improves Signal-to-Noise；
S3：Feature extraction is carried out for the signal after noise reduction, random forest grader is then established and classifies, signal is divided into
Three types correspond to three kinds of different water sludge interface situations, respectively single echo signal, double echo signal and three echoes letter respectively
Number；
S4：For different classes of echo-signal, using different Gauss echo mathematical models, respectively single echo model, double
Echo model and three echo models；
S5：Hilbert transform is done to signal, takes absolute value to obtain signal envelope；
S6：For signal envelope, parameter Estimation is carried out using the Gaussian echo model after simplification, Gauss single echo model isWherein β is amplitude, and a is bandwidth factor, and τ is the propagation time, and p (t) is noise, and t becomes for the time
Amount, double back wave pattern areWherein β21、β22For two echoes
Amplitude respectively, a21、a22For the bandwidth factor of two echoes respectively, τ21、τ22For two echoes respectively propagation time, three times
Wave pattern isWherein β31、β32、
β33For the amplitude of three echoes respectively, a31、a32、a33For the bandwidth factor of three echoes respectively, τ31、τ32、τ33For three echoes
Propagation time respectively；
S7：Parameter Estimation is carried out to envelope signal using artificial bee colony algorithm, estimates single echo flight time τ, double back respectively
Wave flight time τ21, τ22, three echo flight time τ31, τ32, τ33；
S8：For single echo signal, ultrasonic transmission distance is calculatedWherein d1For single echo ultrasonic transmission away from
From v is the transmission speed of ultrasonic wave in water, if hkFor silt depth, then hx=h-d1, for double echo signal, ultrasonic wave passes
Defeated distance isOrWherein d21、d22The respectively biography of the first echo and the second echo
Defeated distance, silt depth hx=h-d21Or hx=h-d22, for three echo-signals, give up the corresponding parameter of third echo, surpass
Sonic transmissions distance isOrSilt depth is hx=h-d31Or hx=h-d32,
Middle d31、d32The respectively transmission range of the first echo, the second echo.
2. the Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method according to claim 1 based on parameter Estimation, feature exist
In：Ultrasonic transducer probe is installed level altitude position under water by S1, and the selected probe angle of departure is 6 °, probe distance bottom of pond
Height is h, and historical high mud position is hm, h meets h-hm>=30cm, the point centered on probe, probe face is horizontal plane, to down toward
Bottom of pond is to measure space in the cylindrical space that radius is h*tan3 ° of+h ', and h ' is amount of redundancy, is met
3. the Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method according to claim 1 based on parameter Estimation, feature exist
In：9 layers of wavelet decomposition are carried out to original signal using wavelet function in S2, each layer wavelet coefficient is obtained, uses Hesusure thresholds
It is worth selection rule, in conjunction with fixed threshold rule and unbiased possibility predication adaptive threshold rule, calculates fixed threshold rule first
Then defined threshold valueσ is the standard deviation of noise, and N is signal length, and it is adaptive then to calculate unbiased possibility predication
Answer threshold value Rigrsure threshold values, vectorial X=[x1, x2..., xn], wherein x1≤x2≤…≤xn, n is of this layer of wavelet coefficient
Number, if a risk vector is：S=[s1, s2..., si..., sn], each element is in risk vector：Minimum value s is found out from risk vectorminAs value-at-risk, minimum is found out
The corresponding x of value-at-risk subscript coefficientmin, then adaptive threshold be：In conjunction with above two threshold value selection rule,
If K is certain layer of wavelet coefficient quadratic sum after wavelet decomposition, defined parametersParameterMixed type threshold
Value λmValue rule isAfter threshold value, select soft-threshold function to wavelet coefficient into
Row processing, soft-threshold function are：
Wherein xnFor through soft-threshold function treated new wavelet coefficient.
4. the Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method according to claim 1 based on parameter Estimation, feature exist
In：S5 does Hilbert transform to signalWhereinS (t) is original signal, then takes absolute value to obtain to the signal after Hilbert transformg
(t) it is signal top half envelope.
5. the Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method according to claim 1 based on parameter Estimation, feature exist
In：S6 carries out parameter Estimation using simplified Gaussian echo model, and wherein Gauss single echo model isDouble back wave pattern is
Three echo models areUse simplification
Echo model afterwards needs to estimate five parameters, double echo in unreduced single echo model to reduce number of parameters to be estimated
Parameter is ten, and three echo parameters are 15, and single echo parameter is three after simplifying, and double echo is six, and three echoes are nine
It is a.
6. the Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method according to claim 1 based on parameter Estimation, feature exist
In：S7 carries out parameter Estimation respectively using the signal of three kinds of models of artificial bee colony algorithm pair, it is characterised in that for single echo, ginseng
Number dimension is 3, it is assumed that li=[li1, li2, li3] indicate that i-th of nectar source, nectar source generate formula and be：lij=lbj+ rand (0,1)
(luj-lbj), wherein lbjFor the lower bound of j-th of parameter, lujFor the upper bound of each parameter of jth, lujFor newly-generated nectar source, rand
(0,1) it is random number between 0 to 1, artificial bee colony algorithm passes through formula l 'ij=lij+ rand (- 1,1) (lij-lkj) update
Nectar source, wherein l ' are new nectar source, lijFor current nectar source, lkjRandom nectar source is closed on for one, more new formula uses：l′ij=lij
+ ε rand (- 0.5,0.5) (lij-lkj), wherein
Assurance coefficient ε is maintained at (0,1) first, when bound apart from it is larger when provide a smaller coefficient, when between bound
Away from it is smaller when provide a larger coefficient, according to the size of bound distance control update step-length selection, can accelerate more
New rate simultaneously improves accuracy.
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