CN108613645B - A kind of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method based on parameter Estimation - Google Patents
A kind of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method based on parameter Estimation Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
- G01F23/2962—Measuring transit time of reflected waves
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method based on parameter Estimation, the following steps are included: collecting the echo-signal in absorbing well, absorption well using signal collection device first, to the signal de-noising being collected into, extract feature, classifier is established to classify, then parameter Estimation is carried out to corresponding signal using different mathematical models, estimates ultrasonic propagation time parameter, calculates shaft bottom silt depth using the spread speed of time parameter combination ultrasonic wave in water.The present invention is different from threshold method used in conventional ultrasound wave measurement, can effectively avoid the distracter in echo, keep measurement result more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultrasound examination fields, and in particular to a kind of Pb-Zn deposits underground absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness side
Method.
Background technique
Mine drainage is an important factor for influencing mining area safety production safely, and drainage underground is to underground work personnel and equipment
Safety is extremely important, is the most basic condition of underground work.Due to underground work exploitation etc., the water of underground is all more muddy
Turbid, water is easy to generate mud in absorbing well, absorption well after absorbing well, absorption well aggregation.The measuring device of water suction Well Water Level is ultrasonic solution at present
Position meter provides liquid level to the distance between liquid level surface by measuring probe, and this measurement method has ignored shaft bottom precipitating
Silt depth, longer with dampening assemble index, error is increasing.Water color in absorbing well, absorption well is deeper, can not be estimated with eye
The mud position height of precipitated sludge out causes water pump pumping to be extracted into less than water or water pump when mud height reaches Pump Suction water level
Mud causes the damage of water pump.With the further development of computer automation technology, unattended pump house etc. is one
Development trend if level measuring is inaccurate, or cannot accurately know the thickness of mud, may cause serious consequence.Cause
This obtains the exact thickness of mud, is to realize mine water pump house etc. unattended reliable guarantee.
Silt depth usually has artificial inserted link method, photoelectric method, height-adjustable concentration measuring device under measurement absorbing well, absorption well
Deng.The manually real-time acquisition silt depth information that inserted link method cannot be online, measurement is cumbersome, and restrictive condition is more, the pole under mine
For inconvenience.Photoelectric method measurement belongs to contact type measurement, and accuracy is higher, but installs complicated, plant maintenance trouble.It is height-adjustable
Densimeter utilizes the height change of densimeter, measures the concentration of each height in absorbing well, absorption well, when concentration becomes at a certain height
Illustrate that height is just silt depth, and the installation cost is higher and needs in measurement continuous for sludge level at this when changing big
Mobile densimeter, it is more easy to damage under mine.
Ultrasonic distance measurement is based on generating reflection signal when ultrasonic signal encounters measured object, can be estimated according to echo-signal
The distance between ultrasonic probe and measured object out, when Most current ultrasonic distance measurement is propagated using threshold method estimation ultrasonic wave
Between, under Pb-Zn deposits in absorbing well, absorption well, there are impurity under heavy metal particles and other mines to interfere, and is difficult to obtain using conventional threshold values method
Accurate information.Therefore it designs and a kind of estimates that ultrasonic propagation time can pole based on the estimation method of Gauss echo signal model
Big raising measurement accuracy, and the corresponding echo mathematical model of different echo-signals is different, and the echo under different models is believed
It number sorts out to be the premise accurately measured.The envelope for obtaining echo-signal can simplify echo mathematical model without influencing
Measurement accuracy uses different mathematical models for different echo-signals, and the parameter of most critical is super in ultrasonic distance measurement
Acoustic transit time.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of methods of absorbing well, absorption well silt depth under mine using ultrasonic measurement, first to signal
It is denoised, is classified, parameter Estimation then is carried out to corresponding echo-signal using different mathematical models, estimates ultrasonic wave
Propagation time calculates corresponding silt depth according to the transmission speed of ultrasonic wave in water.
Specific step is as follows for technical solution of the present invention:
S1: ultrasonic transducer probe is mounted on to the position of distance water suction bottom fixed height, is popped one's head in apart from bottom of pond
Height is h, using ultrasonic transducer and signal acquiring system, obtains ultrasonic wave after water suction bottom water sludge interface reflection
Echo-signal, collects p group echo-signal under different operating conditions, and p meets 50≤p≤500；
S2: 9 layers of wavelet decomposition are carried out for ultrasonic echo signal, each layer wavelet coefficient is obtained, uses Hesusure threshold
It is worth choosing method and carries out noise reduction process, carries out coefficient processing using soft-threshold function, wavelet coefficient carries out letter using treated
Number reconstruct, improve Signal-to-Noise；
S3: feature extraction is carried out for the signal after denoising, random forest grader is then established and classifies, by signal
It is divided into three types；
S4: for different classes of echo-signal, using different Gauss echo mathematical models, respectively single echo mould
Type, double back wave pattern and three echo models；
S5: doing Hilbert transform to signal, takes absolute value to obtain signal envelope；
S6: for signal envelope, parameter Estimation is carried out using simplified Gaussian echo model, Gauss single echo model isWherein β is amplitude, and a is bandwidth factor, and τ is the propagation time, and p (t) is noise, and t is time change
Amount, double back wave pattern areWherein β21、β22For two echoes
Amplitude respectively, a21、a22For the bandwidth factor of two echoes respectively, τ21、τ22For two echoes respectively propagation time, three times
Wave pattern isWherein β31、β32、β33
For the amplitude of three echoes respectively, a31、a32、a33For the bandwidth factor of three echoes respectively, τ31、τ32、τ33For three echoes point
Other propagation time；
S7: carrying out parameter Estimation to envelope signal using artificial bee colony algorithm, estimate single echo flight time τ respectively,
Double echo flight time τ21, τ22, three echo flight time τ31, τ32, τ33；
S8: for single echo signal, ultrasonic transmission distance is calculatedWherein d1For single echo ultrasonic wave
Transmission range, v is the transmission speed of ultrasonic wave in water, if hxFor silt depth, then hx=h-d1, for double echo signal, surpass
Sonic transmissions distance isOrWherein d21、d22Respectively the first echo and second time
The transmission range of wave, silt depth hx=h-d21Or hx=h-d22, for three echo-signals, give up the corresponding ginseng of third echo
Number, ultrasonic transmission distance areOrSilt depth is hx=h-d31Or hx=h-
d32, wherein d31、d32The respectively transmission range of the first echo, the second echo.
By ultrasonic transducer probe installation, fixed height position, the selected probe angle of departure are 6 ° under water in the S1,
Probe is h apart from bottom of pond height, and historical high mud position is hm, h meets h-hm>=30cm, the point centered on probe, probe face is water
Plane, to being measurement space down toward bottom of pond, in the cylindrical space that radius is h*tan3 ° of+h ', possibility should be excluded by measuring in space
The solid obstacle of interference echo is generated, h ' is amount of redundancy, is met
9 layers of wavelet decomposition are carried out to original signal using wavelet function in the S2, obtain each layer wavelet coefficient, are used
Hesusure threshold value selection rule, in conjunction with fixed threshold rule and unbiased possibility predication adaptive threshold rule, specific steps
It is as follows:
S21: threshold value as defined in fixed threshold rule is calculated firstN is signal length, and σ is noise
Standard deviation；
S22: and then calculate unbiased possibility predication adaptive threshold Rigrsure threshold value, wavelet coefficient square vector X=
[x1, x2..., xn], wherein x1≤x2≤…≤xn, n is the number of this layer of wavelet coefficient, if a risk vector are as follows: S=[s1,
s2..., si..., sn], each element in risk vector are as follows:From risk vector
In find out minimum value sminAs value-at-risk, the corresponding x of minimum risk value subscript coefficient is found outmin, then adaptive threshold are as follows:
S23: in conjunction with above two threshold value selection rule, if K is certain layer of wavelet coefficient quadratic sum after wavelet decomposition, definition ginseng
NumberParameterMixed type threshold value λhValue rule isWhen true
After determining threshold value, soft-threshold function is selected to handle wavelet coefficient, soft-threshold function are as follows:
Wherein xnFor through soft-threshold function treated new wavelet coefficient；
S24: after carrying out threshold process to wavelet coefficient, signal reconstruction is carried out, the signal after obtaining noise reduction.
Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well water sludge interface echo-signal is divided into three kinds of classifications by the S3, respectively corresponds three kinds of different mud
Water termination situation, respectively single echo signal, double echo signal and three echo-signals can preferably estimate water sludge interface position
With sediment constituent.
The S5 does Hilbert transform to signalWhereinS (t) is original signal, so
Afterwards the signal after Hilbert transform is taken absolute value to obtainG (t) is signal top half envelope, super
In sound ranging, the parameter of most critical is the time that ultrasonic wave is propagated in water, i.e. the time corresponding to signal amplitude highest point
Parameter, after seeking envelope to original signal, the corresponding time parameter in signal amplitude highest point is constant, and corresponding mathematical model is very big
Simplify, be more advantageous to subsequent parameter Estimation.
The S6 carries out parameter Estimation using simplified echo model, and single echo model isDouble back wave pattern is
Three echo models areUse simplification
Echo model afterwards can reduce number of parameters to be estimated, need to estimate five parameters, double back in unreduced single echo model
Wave parameter is ten, and three echo parameters are 15, and single echo parameter is three after simplifying, and double echo is six, and three echoes are
Nine, greatly reduce calculation amount when estimation parameter.
The S7 carries out parameter Estimation using signal of the artificial bee colony algorithm to three kinds of models respectively, is with single echo model
Example, can be divided into following steps:
S71: single echo model parameter dimension is 3, it is assumed that li=[li1, li2, li3] indicate that i-th of nectar source, nectar source generate public
Formula are as follows: lij=lbj+ r and (0,1) (luj-lbj), wherein lbjFor the lower bound of j-th of parameter, lujFor the upper bound of each parameter of jth,
lujFor newly-generated nectar source, r and (0,1) is the random number between 0 to 1, generates formula using nectar source and generates initial nectar source, i.e.,
Corresponding feasible solution；
S72: after generating initial nectar source, following formula is used
The fitness in each nectar source is assessed, wherein fitiIndicate the fitness of i-th of feasible solution, obiFor objective function；
S73: artificial bee colony algorithm passes through formula l 'ij=lij+ r and (- 1,1) (lij-lkj) nectar source Lai Gengxin, wherein l '
For new nectar source, lijFor current nectar source, lkjRandom nectar source is closed on for one, the present invention proposes a kind of new more new formula: l 'ij
=lij+ ε r and (- 0.5,0.5) (lij-lkj), in which:
Assurance coefficient ε is maintained at (0,1) first, when bound apart from it is larger when provide a lesser coefficient, when upper and lower
Boundary's spacing provides a biggish coefficient when smaller, can accelerate renewal rate and improve accuracy.
S74: according to probability calculation formulaNectar source is selected, wherein N/2 is the quantity for observing bee.
S75: calculating the fitness in new nectar source, is continued to update nectar source according to nectar source more new formula, when nectar source, iteration is certain
Fitness does not improve after number, falls into local optimum in order to prevent, then abandons the nectar source.
S76: it repeats above step and selects optimal feasible solution by greedy algorithm in defined cycle-index；
Similarly, double back involves three echo parameters and can also be estimated according to above step.
The S8: for single echo signal, ultrasonic transmission distance is calculatedThen silt depth is hx=
h-d1, for double echo signal, ultrasonic transmission distance isOrSilt depth is
hx=h-d21Or hx=h-d22, for three echo-signals, give up the corresponding parameter of third echo, ultrasonic transmission distance isOrSilt depth is hx=h-d31Or hx=h-d32, need to select according to measurement
Corresponding silt depth value out.
The present invention proposes a kind of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method based on parameter Estimation.Underground mining operation
Frequently, constantly there is underground water to be discharged into absorbing well, absorption well, excluded when liquid level transfinites with water pump, it in the process can be in water suction bottom
A large amount of silt deposits are generated, are accumulated over a long period, silt depth is continuously increased, can be to water pump when mud height reaches pumping for water pump position
Generate damage.The existing means of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well can only measure height of water level, due to well water muddiness, can not observe mud thickness
Degree.Traditional ultrasonic distance measurement determines the ultrasonic transmission time by threshold method, when signal amplitude reaches defined threshold value
Think that echo-signal arrived, which is the echo corresponding time, and the method is feasible under the limpider operating condition of water quality, but
It is that there are a variety of disturbing factors in absorbing well, absorption well under mine, might have the threshold method generation error that certain interference are.Based on this, originally
Invention proposes a kind of measurement scheme based on echo mathematics model parameter estimation, first denoises the echo-signal being collected into, point
Class, then parameter Estimation is carried out using corresponding mathematical model to different echo types, accurately estimate ultrasonic propagation time.
In parameter Estimation link, user's worker bee swarm parameter estimation technique, artificial bee colony algorithm passes through formula l 'ij=lij+r and(-
1,1) (lij-lkj) nectar source Lai Gengxin, wherein l ' is new nectar source, lijFor current nectar source, lkjRandom nectar source is closed on for one, this
Invention proposes a kind of new more new formula: l 'ij=lij+ ε r and (- 0.5,0.5) (lij-lkj), in which:
Assurance coefficient ε is maintained at (0,1), when bound apart from it is larger when provide a lesser coefficient, when between bound
Away from it is smaller when provide a biggish coefficient, using bound distance size control update step-length selection, can accelerate more
New rate simultaneously improves accuracy.After estimating the parameter of needs, in conjunction with the spread speed of ultrasonic wave in water, calculated,
To obtain corresponding silt depth, measurement is completed.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order in further detail, specific description technical solution of the present invention and advantage, it is with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, right
The present invention is further described in detail.
As shown in Fig. 1 flow chart of the present invention, a kind of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method based on parameter Estimation,
The following steps are included:
S1: it in order to be collected into echo-signal, needs for ultrasonic transducer probe to be mounted on distance water suction bottom and fixes
The position of height, the ultrasonic transducer angle of departure used in the present embodiment is 6 °, in order to make in the signal being collected into without dry
Signal, selected distance pool wall 0.5m are disturbed, sluggish flow precipitates sufficient region, pops one's head in using irony stock fixing of energy converter.Iron
Matter stock upper end is fixed on above absorbing well, absorption well on baffle, and lower end connects transducer probe, is fixed on the height and position chosen.This
The water suction of Pb-Zn deposits selected by embodiment well depth 3.5m, historical high mud position 0.9m, water level is generally kept in 1.5m height or more, therefore selects
It selects away from the fixed probe of bottom of pond 1.4m height.Run signal acquisition system after ultrasonic transducer is installed, obtains ultrasonic wave through inhaling
Echo-signal after the reflection of well bottom water sludge interface, collects 50 groups of echo-signals under different operating conditions.
S2: 9 layers of wavelet decomposition are carried out for ultrasonic echo signal, each layer wavelet coefficient is obtained, uses Hesusure threshold
It is worth choosing method and carries out noise reduction process, carries out coefficient processing using soft-threshold function, wavelet coefficient carries out letter using treated
Number reconstruct, improve Signal-to-Noise, in conjunction with fixed threshold rule and unbiased possibility predication adaptive threshold rule, calculate first
Threshold value as defined in fixed threshold ruleσ is the standard deviation of noise, and it is adaptive then to calculate unbiased possibility predication
Threshold value Rigrsure threshold value, vector X=[x1, x2..., xn], wherein x1≤x2≤…≤xn, n is the number of this layer of wavelet coefficient,
If a risk vector are as follows: S=[s1, s2..., si..., sn], each element in risk vector are as follows:Minimum value s is found out from risk vectorminAs value-at-risk, minimum is found out
The corresponding x of value-at-risk subscript coefficientmin, then adaptive threshold are as follows:In conjunction with above two threshold value selection rule,
If K is certain layer of wavelet coefficient quadratic sum after wavelet decomposition, defined parametersParameterMixed type
Threshold value λhValue rule isAfter threshold value, select soft-threshold function to wavelet coefficient
It is handled, soft-threshold function are as follows:
Wherein xnFor through soft-threshold function treated new wavelet coefficient.
S3: for denoising after signal carry out the maximum feature extraction of wavelet decomposition modulus, using modulus maximum feature as
Input, with Gini impurity level come select divide attribute, establish CART decision tree, Gini impurity level is defined as:
Wherein y is sample class quantity, pkFor kth class sample proportion, wherein the Gini impurity level definition of attribute Z
Are as follows:
It using CART decision tree as base learner, establishes random forest grader and classifies, signal is divided into three types,
Respectively correspond three kinds of mathematical models, respectively single echo model, double back wave pattern and three echo models.
S4: contain in the Gaussian echo model of original signal there are five parameter to be estimated, the ginseng that we pay close attention to the most in this example
Number is ultrasonic propagation time, can do envelope to signal, highest point for time shaft position will not change, and mould
Type but can greatly simplify.Hilbert transform is done to signal,WhereinS (t) is original signal,
Then the signal after Hilbert transform is taken absolute value to obtain
S5: for signal envelope, parameter Estimation is carried out using simplified Gaussian echo model, Gauss single echo model isDouble back wave pattern isThree
Echo model is
S6: parameter Estimation is carried out to envelope signal using artificial bee colony algorithm, by taking single echo as an example, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: single echo model parameter dimension is 3, it is assumed that li=[li1, li2, li3] indicate that i-th of nectar source, nectar source generate
Formula are as follows: lij=lbj+ r and (0,1) (luj-lbj), wherein lbjFor the lower bound of j-th of parameter, lujFor the upper of each parameter of jth
Boundary, lujFor newly-generated nectar source, r and (0,1) is the random number between 0 to 1, generates formula using nectar source and generates initial honey
Source, i.e., corresponding feasible solution；
Step 2: after generating initial nectar source, using following formula
The fitness in each nectar source is assessed, wherein fitiIndicate the fitness of i-th of feasible solution, obiFor objective function, In
The present embodiment establishes objective function by least square methodWherein s (i) measurement obtains
Original signal sequence, zi(t) for i-th nectar source for signal model；
Step 3: artificial bee colony algorithm passes through formula l 'ij=lij+ r and (- 1,1) (lij-lkj) nectar source Lai Gengxin, wherein
L ' is new nectar source, lijFor current nectar source, lkjRandom nectar source is closed on for one, the present invention proposes a kind of new more new formula:
l′ij=lij+ ε r and (- 0.5,0.5) (lij-lkj), in which:
Assurance coefficient ε is maintained at (0,1), when bound apart from it is larger when provide a lesser coefficient, when between bound
Away from it is smaller when provide a biggish coefficient, renewal rate can be accelerated and improve accuracy；
Step 4: according to probability calculation formulaNectar source is selected, wherein N/2 is the quantity for observing bee, this reality
It applies and N=40 is set in example；
Step 5: calculating the fitness in new nectar source, continued to update nectar source according to nectar source more new formula, when nectar source iteration 20
Fitness does not improve after secondary, falls into local optimum in order to prevent, then abandons the nectar source；
Step 6: repeating above step, the present embodiment regulation is selected most in 10000 circulations by greedy algorithm
Excellent feasible solution, similarly, double back, which involves three echo parameters, to be estimated according to above step.Single echo is estimated respectively to fly
Row time τ, double echo flight time τ21, τ22, three echo flight time τ31, τ32, τ33。
S7: for single echo signal, ultrasonic transmission distance is calculatedWherein d1For single echo ultrasonic wave
Transmission range, v is the transmission speed of ultrasonic wave in water, if hxFor silt depth, then hx=h-d1, for double echo signal, surpass
Sonic transmissions distance isOrWherein d21、d22Respectively the first echo and second time
The transmission range of wave, silt depth hx=h-d21Or hx=h-d22, for three echo-signals, give up the corresponding ginseng of third echo
Number, ultrasonic transmission distance areOrSilt depth is hx=h-d31Or hx=h-
d32, wherein d31、d32The respectively transmission range of the first echo, the second echo.
Embodiment in being described above is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, the claimed range of the present invention and not only
It is limited only to above-mentioned specific embodiment, without creative efforts, obtains the side substantially identical with the present invention
Case also belongs to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method based on parameter Estimation, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of:
S1: ultrasonic transducer probe is mounted on to the position of distance water suction bottom fixed height, is popped one's head in apart from bottom of pond height
Echo of the ultrasonic wave after water suction bottom water sludge interface reflection is obtained using ultrasonic transducer and signal acquiring system for h
Signal, collects p group echo-signal under different operating conditions, and p meets 50≤p≤500；
S2: 9 layers of wavelet decomposition are carried out for ultrasonic echo signal, each layer wavelet coefficient is obtained, is selected using Hesusure threshold value
It takes method to carry out noise reduction process, carries out coefficient processing using soft-threshold function, wavelet coefficient carries out signal weight using treated
Structure improves Signal-to-Noise；
S3: feature extraction is carried out for the signal after noise reduction, random forest grader is then established and classifies, signal is divided into
Three types respectively correspond three kinds of different water sludge interface situations, respectively single echo signal, double echo signal and three echoes letter
Number；
S4: for different classes of echo-signal, using different Gauss echo mathematical models, respectively single echo model, double
Echo model and three echo models；
S5: doing Hilbert transform to signal, takes absolute value to obtain signal envelope；
S6: for signal envelope, parameter Estimation is carried out using simplified echo model, single echo model isWherein β is amplitude, and a is bandwidth factor, and τ is the propagation time, and p (t) is noise, and t is time variable,
Double back wave pattern isWherein β21、β22For two respective amplitudes of echo,
a21、a22For the bandwidth factor of two echoes, τ21、τ22For the propagation time of two echoes, t is time variable, and p (t) is noise,
Three echo models areWherein β31、β32、β33It is returned for three
The respective amplitude of wave, a31、a32、a33For the bandwidth factor of three echoes, τ31, τ32, τ33For three echoes respectively propagation time,
T is time variable, and p (t) is noise；
S7: parameter Estimation is carried out to envelope signal using artificial bee colony algorithm, estimates single echo flight time τ, double back respectively
Wave flight time τ21, τ22, three echo flight time τ31, τ32, τ33；
S8: for single echo signal, ultrasonic transmission distance is calculatedWherein d1For single echo ultrasonic transmission away from
From v is the transmission speed of ultrasonic wave in water, if hxFor silt depth, then hx=h-d1, for double echo signal, ultrasonic wave is passed
Defeated distance isOrWherein d21、d22The respectively biography of the first echo and the second echo
Defeated distance, silt depth hx=h-d21Or hx=h-d22, for three echo-signals, give up the corresponding parameter of third echo, surpass
Sonic transmissions distance isOrSilt depth is hx=h-d31Or hx=h-d32,
Middle d31、d32The respectively transmission range of the first echo, the second echo.
2. the Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method according to claim 1 based on parameter Estimation, feature exist
In: ultrasonic transducer probe is installed fixed height position under water by S1, and the selected probe angle of departure is 6 °, is popped one's head in apart from bottom of pond
Height is h, and historical high mud position is hm, h meets h-hm>=30cm, by probe centered on point, probe face is horizontal plane, to down toward
Bottom of pond is measurement space in the cylindrical space that radius is h*tan3 ° of+h ', and h ' is amount of redundancy, is met
3. the Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method according to claim 1 based on parameter Estimation, feature exist
In: 9 layers of wavelet decomposition are carried out to original signal using wavelet function in S2, each layer wavelet coefficient is obtained, uses Hesusure threshold
It is worth selection rule, in conjunction with fixed threshold rule and unbiased possibility predication adaptive threshold rule, calculates fixed threshold rule first
Then defined threshold valueσ is the standard deviation of noise, and N is signal length, and it is adaptive then to calculate unbiased possibility predication
Answer threshold value Rigrsure threshold value, vector X=[x1, x2..., xn], wherein x1≤x2≤…≤xn, n is of this layer of wavelet coefficient
Number, if a risk vector are as follows: S=[s1, s2..., si..., sn], each element in risk vector are as follows:Minimum value s is found out from risk vectorminAs value-at-risk, minimum is found out
The corresponding x of value-at-risk subscript coefficientmin, then adaptive threshold are as follows:In conjunction with above two threshold value selection rule,
If K is certain layer of wavelet coefficient quadratic sum after wavelet decomposition, defined parametersParameterMixed type threshold
Value λmValue rule isAfter threshold value, soft-threshold function is selected to carry out wavelet coefficient
Processing, soft-threshold function are as follows:
Wherein xnFor through soft-threshold function treated new wavelet coefficient.
4. the Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method according to claim 1 based on parameter Estimation, feature exist
In: S5 does Hilbert transform to signalWhereinS (t) is original signal, then takes absolute value to obtain to the signal after Hilbert transformg
It (t) is signal top half envelope.
5. the Pb-Zn deposits absorbing well, absorption well surveying on sludge thickness method according to claim 1 based on parameter Estimation, feature exist
In: S7 carries out parameter Estimation using signal of the artificial bee colony algorithm to three kinds of models respectively, it is characterised in that for single echo, ginseng
Number dimension is 3, it is assumed that li=[li1, li2, li3] indicate that i-th of nectar source, nectar source generate formula are as follows: lij=lbj+ rand (0,1)
(luj-lbj), wherein lbjFor the lower bound of j-th of parameter, lujFor the upper bound of each parameter of jth, lujFor newly-generated nectar source, rand
It (0,1) is the random number between 0 to 1, artificial bee colony algorithm passes through formula l 'ij=lij+ rand (- 1,1) (lij-lkj) Lai Gengxin
Nectar source, wherein l ' is new nectar source, lijFor current nectar source, lkjRandom nectar source is closed on for one, more new formula uses: l 'ij=lij
+ ε rand (- 0.5,0.5) (lij-lkj), wherein
Assurance coefficient ε is maintained at (0,1) first, when bound apart from it is larger when provide a lesser coefficient, when between bound
Away from it is smaller when provide a biggish coefficient, according to the size of bound distance control update step-length selection, can accelerate more
New rate simultaneously improves accuracy.
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