CN108598848B - System and method for generating broadband strong terahertz waves by using metal nanoparticle solution - Google Patents
System and method for generating broadband strong terahertz waves by using metal nanoparticle solution Download PDFInfo
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- CN108598848B CN108598848B CN201810835685.XA CN201810835685A CN108598848B CN 108598848 B CN108598848 B CN 108598848B CN 201810835685 A CN201810835685 A CN 201810835685A CN 108598848 B CN108598848 B CN 108598848B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for generating broadband strong terahertz waves by using a metal nanoparticle solution, wherein the system comprises a laser, a spectroscope, a chopper, a first off-axis parabolic reflector and a medium generating device which are sequentially arranged on a light path, and the focal length of the first off-axis parabolic reflector is 1 inch; the medium generating device generates a liquid column or a liquid film by using the metal nanoparticle solution; the laser is used for emitting a horizontal polarization laser beam, the horizontal polarization laser beam is divided into a beam of pump light and a beam of probe light through the spectroscope, the pump light is focused to the liquid column or the liquid film through the first off-axis parabolic reflector after being modulated by the chopper, and the liquid column or the liquid film forms a terahertz wave radiation source capable of radiating high-intensity broadband terahertz waves. The system has the advantages of simple structure, low construction cost, easy maintenance and high stability, fills the blank of the prior high-strength broadband terahertz wave generation technical field, and has stronger scientific research and practical application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of terahertz wave technology, hydromechanics and laser, in particular to a system and a method for generating a broadband strong terahertz wave by using a metal nanoparticle solution.
Background
In recent years, with terahertzThe development of radiation source technology and a large number of research results prove that solid crystals, metal materials, gases and plasmas are all good terahertz radiation sources. However, there have been few studies on the generation of terahertz waves from liquids, particularly liquid water and substance solutions. In fact, liquid water or other substance solutions have been studied as a source of various electromagnetic waves for over 10 years. For example: the high order harmonics and white light are generated by the nonlinear process of focusing an ultrashort pulsed laser on water contained in a cell, jet or droplet. In addition, the dynamics of liquid water irradiated by laser pulses have been studied for over twenty years. The reason for hindering liquid water or other solutions of substances from becoming a source of terahertz may be because liquid water has very strong absorption characteristics in the terahertz frequency range. The power absorption coefficient of the liquid water at 1 terahertz is about 220cm -1 Meaning 3.6 × 10 9 Only one photon of terahertz enters a water film with the thickness of 1mm and is radiated. As a result, photon loss is very large and terahertz wave generation efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system and a method for generating broadband strong terahertz waves by using a metal nanoparticle solution, which are used for generating high-strength broadband terahertz waves.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a system for generating a broadband strong terahertz wave using a metal nanoparticle solution, comprising a laser, a spectroscope, a chopper, a first off-axis parabolic mirror and a medium generating device, which are sequentially disposed on a light path, wherein:
the focal length of the first off-axis parabolic reflector is 1 inch;
the medium generating device generates a liquid column or a liquid film by using the metal nanoparticle solution;
the laser is used for emitting a horizontal polarization laser beam, the horizontal polarization laser beam is divided into a beam of pump light and a beam of probe light through the spectroscope, the pump light is focused to the liquid column or the liquid film through the first off-axis parabolic reflector after being modulated by the chopper, and the liquid column or the liquid film forms a terahertz wave radiation source capable of radiating high-intensity broadband terahertz waves.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when the medium generating apparatus is used for generating a liquid film, the medium generating apparatus includes a liquid tank, a first connecting pipe, a constant pressure pump, a second connecting pipe, a Y-shaped three-way flow-dividing joint, a first hose, a second hose, a first spray head and a second spray head, the first spray head and the second spray head are both made of aluminum alloy, and an outlet of the spray head is a circular hole with a diameter of 0.5mm to 1mm, the first connecting pipe is connected between the liquid tank and the constant pressure pump, the second connecting pipe is connected between the constant pressure pump and the Y-shaped three-way flow-dividing joint, the first hose is connected between the Y-shaped three-way flow-dividing joint and the first spray head, the second hose is connected between the Y-shaped three-way flow-dividing joint and the second spray head, the constant pressure pump is used for pumping and pressurizing a metal nanoparticle solution in the liquid tank, two high-pressure liquid columns sprayed from the first spray head and the second spray head face each other and form a uniform and continuous petal-shaped liquid film under the first spray head or the continuous petal-shaped liquid film, and the uniform liquid film flows back to the liquid tank,
in the medium generating device, the Y-shaped three-way tap, the first hose, the second hose, the first nozzle and the second nozzle are replaced by an aluminum alloy nozzle, and the aluminum alloy nozzle is provided with a slit with the width of 0.1-0.5 mm and the length of 4 mm.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when the medium generating device is used for generating a liquid column, the medium generating device includes a liquid pool, a first connecting pipe, a constant pressure pump, a second connecting pipe and a spray head, the first connecting pipe is connected between the liquid pool and the constant pressure pump, the second connecting pipe is connected between the constant pressure pump and the spray head, the constant pressure pump is used for pumping and pressurizing a metal nanoparticle solution in the liquid pool, and an outlet of the spray head is a circular hole with a diameter of 0.1mm to 0.5 mm.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the metal nanoparticle solution is formed by mixing metal nanoparticles and water, and the concentration of the metal nanoparticles is between 10% and 90%.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the metal in the metal nanoparticles is gold, platinum, silver, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium or tungsten.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the laser is a femtosecond laser, and the frequency of the chopper is between 100 Hz and 300 Hz.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the constant pressure pump is a variable frequency scroll type self-priming electric pump with a rated power of 750 w.
In an embodiment of the invention, an angle between the signal light reflected by the first off-axis parabolic mirror and a perpendicular to a plane of the liquid film is between-70 ° and 70 °.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the system for generating a broadband strong terahertz wave by using a metal nanoparticle solution further includes a terahertz wave detection system, which includes a second off-axis parabolic mirror, a silicon wafer, a third off-axis parabolic mirror, a ZnTe crystal, a first convex lens, a terahertz wave detector, and a second convex lens, wherein:
the focal lengths of the second off-axis parabolic reflector and the third off-axis parabolic reflector are both 4 inches,
the second off-axis parabolic reflector converges terahertz waves into a parallel light beam, the parallel light beam is filtered by the silicon wafer and then projected to the third off-axis parabolic reflector to be focused to form a focused light beam, and the focused light beam and the detection light beam focused by the second convex lens are focused on ZnTe crystals together, then pass through the first convex lens and then are detected by the terahertz wave detector to obtain the intensity of the terahertz wave.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the terahertz wave detector is a self-balancing photoelectric detector.
The invention also provides a method for generating the broadband strong terahertz wave by using the metal nanoparticle solution, which is applied to the system and comprises the following steps:
s1: the laser emits a horizontally polarized laser beam;
s2: the horizontal polarization laser beam is divided into a beam of pumping light and a beam of detection light by the spectroscope;
s3: the pump light is modulated by the chopper and then is focused to a liquid column or a liquid film through the first off-axis parabolic reflector;
s4: a terahertz wave radiation source is formed at the liquid column or the liquid film and radiates out high-intensity broadband terahertz waves.
The system and the method for generating the strong broadband terahertz wave by using the metal nanoparticle solution provided by the invention are innovatively applied to generating the liquid column and the liquid film by using the metal nanoparticle solution so as to generate the terahertz wave, have high generation efficiency, simple system structure, low construction cost, easy maintenance and high stability, make up for the blank in the technical field of the generation of the high-strength broadband terahertz wave at present, and have strong scientific research and practical application values.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic composition diagram (top view) of a system for generating a broadband strong terahertz wave using a metal nanoparticle solution according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a medium generating device for generating a liquid film according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a medium generating device for generating a liquid film according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a medium generating device for generating a liquid column according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a terahertz time-domain waveform generated by respectively exciting a metal nanoparticle solution film and a water film by laser;
FIG. 5b is a terahertz field spectrum diagram generated by respectively exciting a metal nanoparticle solution film and a water film by laser;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an angle between a signal light reflected by the first off-axis parabolic mirror and a perpendicular to a plane of the liquid film;
fig. 7a and 7b are schematic views of θ.
Description of the reference numerals: 1-a laser; a 2-beam splitter; 3-a chopper; 4-a first off-axis parabolic mirror; 5-a second off-axis parabolic mirror; 6-a silicon wafer; 7-a second convex lens; 8-a third off-axis parabolic reflector, 9-ZnTe crystal, 10-a first convex lens and 11-a terahertz wave detector; 12-a liquid pool; 13-a first connection pipe; 14-a constant pressure pump; 15-a second connecting tube; 16-a first hose; 17-a second hose; an 18-Y type three-way flow-splitting joint; 19-a first spray head; 20-a second spray head; a 21-aluminum alloy nozzle; 22-a spray head; a-a medium generating device; c-terahertz wave detection system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic composition diagram (top view) of a system for generating a broadband strong terahertz wave by using a metal nanoparticle solution, as shown in fig. 1, the system for generating a broadband strong terahertz wave by using a metal nanoparticle solution includes a laser 1, a spectroscope 2, a chopper 3, a first off-axis parabolic mirror 4, a medium generating device a, and a terahertz wave detecting system C, which are sequentially disposed on a light path, wherein:
the focal length of the first off-axis parabolic reflector 4 is 1 inch;
the medium generating device A generates a liquid column or a liquid film by using a metal nanoparticle solution, wherein the metal nanoparticle solution is formed by mixing metal nanoparticles and water, the concentration of the metal nanoparticles is between 10% and 90%, and the metal in the metal nanoparticles can be gold, platinum, silver, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium or tungsten. The liquid column generated by the medium generating device A is vertically downward, and is continuous, stable, fixed in flow speed and unchanged in appearance. The liquid film generated by the medium generating device A is continuous and stable, the flow rate is fixed, and the appearance is unchanged.
The laser 1 is used for emitting a horizontal polarization laser beam, the horizontal polarization laser beam is divided into a beam of pump light and a beam of detection light through the spectroscope 2, the pump light is focused to a liquid column or a liquid film through the first off-axis parabolic reflector 4 after being modulated by the chopper 3, and a terahertz wave radiation source capable of radiating high-intensity broadband terahertz waves is formed at the liquid column or the liquid film.
The terahertz wave detection system C comprises a second off-axis parabolic reflector 5, a silicon wafer 6, a third off-axis parabolic reflector 8, a ZnTe crystal 9, a first convex lens 10, a terahertz wave detector 11 and a second convex lens 7, wherein:
the focal lengths of the second off-axis parabolic mirror 5 and the third off-axis parabolic mirror 8 are both 4 inches,
the second off-axis parabolic reflector 5 converges the terahertz waves into a parallel light beam, the parallel light beam is filtered by the silicon wafer 6 and then projected to the third off-axis parabolic reflector 8 to be focused and form a focused light beam, the focused light beam and the detection light beam focused by the second convex lens 7 are focused on the ZnTe crystal 9 together, then pass through the first convex lens 10, and finally the intensity is detected by the terahertz wave detector 11. The terahertz-wave detector 11 may be, for example, a self-balancing photodetector.
In fig. 1, when the medium generating device a is used for generating a liquid film, the structure of the medium generating device a may be as shown in fig. 2, the medium generating device a shown in fig. 2 includes a liquid tank 12, a first connecting pipe 13, a constant pressure pump 14, a second connecting pipe 15, a Y-shaped three-way tap 18, a first hose 16, a second hose 17, a first spray head 19 and a second spray head 20, the first spray head 19 and the second spray head 20 are both made of aluminum alloy, and the outlet of the spray head is a circular hole with a diameter of 0.5mm to 1mm, the first connecting pipe 13 is connected between the liquid tank 12 and the constant pressure pump 14, the second connecting pipe 15 is connected between the constant pressure pump 14 and the Y-shaped three-way tap 18, the first hose 16 is connected between the Y-shaped three-way tap 18 and the first spray head 19, the second hose 17 is connected between the Y-shaped three-way flow-dividing joint 18 and the second spray head 20, the constant pressure pump 14 is used for pumping and pressurizing the metal nanoparticle solution in the liquid pool 12, two high-pressure liquid columns sprayed by the first spray head 19 and the second spray head 20 are oppositely sprayed out and collide at the edges of the two, uniform, continuous and stable single petal-shaped liquid films are formed below the first spray head 19 and the second spray head 20, the metal nanoparticle solution in the liquid films flows back to the liquid pool 12, the single petal-shaped liquid films are similar to petals in shape when viewed from the front direction, the upper parts of the single petal-shaped liquid films are pointed, the two side edges and the bottom parts of the single petal-shaped liquid films are both arc-shaped, the middle part of the liquid films is slightly convex towards one side when viewed from the side direction, or,
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a medium generating apparatus for generating a liquid film according to another embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, in the medium generating apparatus a in fig. 2, the Y-shaped three-way tap 18, the first hose 16, the second hose 17, the first nozzle 19, and the second nozzle 20 are replaced with a nozzle 21 made of an aluminum alloy material, and the nozzle 21 made of the aluminum alloy material has a slit with a width of 0.1-0.5 mm and a length of 4 mm.
In fig. 1, when the medium generating device a is used for generating a liquid column, the structure of the medium generating device a may be as shown in fig. 4, where the medium generating device a in fig. 4 includes a liquid pool 12, a first connecting pipe 13, a constant pressure pump 14, a second connecting pipe 15, and an ejection head 22, the first connecting pipe 13 is connected between the liquid pool 12 and the constant pressure pump 14, the second connecting pipe 15 is connected between the constant pressure pump 14 and the ejection head 22, the constant pressure pump 14 is used for pumping and pressurizing a metal nanoparticle solution in the liquid pool 12, and an outlet of the ejection head 22 is a circular hole with a diameter of 0.1mm to 0.5 mm.
The second connection pipe 15 in the present invention may be a combination of a metal connection pipe close to the constant pressure pump 14 and a latex hose close to the spray head.
In this embodiment, the laser 1 may be a femtosecond laser, the frequency of the chopper 3 may be between 100 Hz and 300Hz, and the constant pressure pump may be a variable frequency scroll type self-priming electric pump with a rated power of 750 w.
In fig. 2 and 3, the medium generating device a is used for generating a liquid film, and an included angle θ between the signal light reflected by the first off-axis parabolic mirror 4 in fig. 1 and a perpendicular line of a plane where the liquid film is located is between-70 ° and 70 °, as shown in fig. 6. When the signal light L1 reflected by the first off-axis parabolic mirror 4 is parallel to the perpendicular line L2 of the plane of the liquid film, θ is 0 °, and in the rest cases, in the plane defined by L1 and L2 (L2 is drawn at the point p where L1 intersects the plane of the liquid film), when viewed from the direction of fig. 1, i.e. the line of sight is perpendicular to the plane of fig. 1, L1 rotates counterclockwise around the point p to coincide with L2, if the angle of rotation is smaller than 90 °, the angle is θ, and if the angle of rotation is larger than 90 °, the angle of rotation is subtracted by 180 ° to obtain θ.
Fig. 7a, 7b show a schematic representation of θ, where θ is equal to 70 ° in fig. 7a and-70 ° in fig. 7 b.
The invention also provides a method for generating a broadband strong terahertz wave by using the metal nanoparticle solution, which is applied to the system shown in FIG. 1 and comprises the following steps:
s1: the laser 1 emits a horizontally polarized laser beam;
s2: the horizontal polarization laser beam is divided into a beam of pumping light and a beam of detecting light by the spectroscope 2;
s3: the pump light is modulated by the chopper 3 and then focused to a liquid column or a liquid film by the first off-axis parabolic reflector 4;
s4: a terahertz wave radiation source is formed at the liquid column or the liquid film and radiates out high-intensity broadband terahertz waves.
It should be noted that signal light such as 'beam' mentioned in the present invention propagates in the same horizontal plane, that is, signal light between any two elements in fig. 1 is in the same horizontal plane, and generated terahertz waves are also received in the same horizontal plane.
Fig. 5a is a terahertz time-domain waveform generated by respectively exciting a metal nanoparticle solution film and a water film by laser, fig. 5b is a terahertz field frequency spectrum diagram generated by respectively exciting a metal nanoparticle solution film and a water film by laser, and the time delay in fig. 5a refers to the time difference between the pump light and the probe light after passing through the spectroscope 2, so that it can be seen that the terahertz wave spectrum generated by the metal nanoparticle solution film is significantly wider than the terahertz wave generated by pure water. In addition, the inventors have also found that the intensity of the generated terahertz wave can be changed accordingly by adjusting the concentration of the metal particles, the size of the metal particles, and the like in the liquid pool 12.
The system and the method for generating the broadband strong terahertz wave by using the metal nanoparticle solution provided by the invention are innovative and high in generating efficiency, simple in system composition, low in construction cost, easy to maintain and high in stability by using the metal nanoparticle solution to generate the liquid column and the liquid film and then generate the terahertz wave, make up for the blank of the current high-strength broadband terahertz wave generation technical field, and have strong scientific research and practical application values.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the figures are schematic representations of one embodiment, and the blocks or processes shown in the figures are not necessarily required to practice the present invention.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: modules in the devices in the embodiments may be distributed in the devices in the embodiments according to the description of the embodiments, or may be located in one or more devices different from the embodiments with corresponding changes. The modules of the above embodiments may be combined into one module, or further split into multiple sub-modules.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The system for generating the broadband strong terahertz wave by using the metal nanoparticle solution is characterized by comprising a laser, a spectroscope, a chopper, a first off-axis parabolic reflector and a medium generating device which are sequentially arranged on a light path, wherein:
the focal length of the first off-axis parabolic reflector is 1 inch;
the medium generating device generates a liquid column or a liquid film by using the metal nanoparticle solution;
the laser is used for emitting a horizontal polarization laser beam, the horizontal polarization laser beam is divided into a beam of pump light and a beam of probe light by the spectroscope, the pump light is focused to the liquid column or the liquid film by the first off-axis parabolic reflector after being modulated by the chopper, a terahertz wave radiation source capable of radiating high-intensity broadband terahertz waves is formed at the liquid column or the liquid film,
the metal nano particle solution is formed by mixing metal nano particles and water, the concentration is between 10 and 90 percent,
the laser is a femtosecond laser, and the frequency of the chopper is between 100 Hz and 300 Hz.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein when the medium generating device is used for generating a liquid film, the medium generating device comprises a liquid pool, a first connecting pipe, a constant pressure pump, a second connecting pipe, a Y-shaped three-way flow-dividing joint, a first hose, a second hose, a first spray head and a second spray head, the first spray head and the second spray head are both made of aluminum alloy, and a spray head outlet is a round hole with a diameter of 0.5mm to 1mm, the first connecting pipe is connected between the liquid pool and the constant pressure pump, the second connecting pipe is connected between the constant pressure pump and the Y-shaped three-way flow-dividing joint, the first hose is connected between the Y-shaped three-way flow-dividing joint and the first spray head, the second hose is connected between the Y-shaped three-way flow-dividing joint and the second spray head, the constant pressure pump is used for pumping and pressurizing the metal nanoparticle solution in the liquid pool, two high-pressure liquid columns sprayed from the first spray head and the second spray head face each other and generate a broad-band strong terahertz wave, and the liquid film uniformly collides with the second spray head and the second spray head to form a single liquid film, and the second liquid film, and the single liquid film is uniformly stirred,
in the medium generating device, the Y-shaped three-way tap, the first hose, the second hose, the first nozzle and the second nozzle are replaced by an aluminum alloy nozzle, and the aluminum alloy nozzle is provided with a slit with the width of 0.1-0.5 mm and the length of 4 mm.
3. The system for generating a broadband strong terahertz wave by using a metal nanoparticle solution according to claim 1, wherein when the medium generating device is used for generating a liquid column, the medium generating device comprises a liquid pool, a first connecting pipe, a constant pressure pump, a second connecting pipe and a spray head, the first connecting pipe is connected between the liquid pool and the constant pressure pump, the second connecting pipe is connected between the constant pressure pump and the spray head, the constant pressure pump is used for pumping the metal nanoparticle solution in the liquid pool and pressurizing the metal nanoparticle solution, and an outlet of the spray head is a circular hole with a diameter of 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.
4. The system for generating a broadband strong terahertz wave using the metal nanoparticle solution according to claim 1, wherein the metal in the metal nanoparticles is gold, platinum, silver, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium or tungsten.
5. The system for generating the broadband strong terahertz waves by using the metal nanoparticle solution as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the constant pressure pump is a variable frequency vortex type self-priming electric pump with a rated power of 750 w.
6. The system for generating a broadband strong terahertz wave by using the metal nanoparticle solution as claimed in claim 1, wherein an included angle between the signal light reflected by the first off-axis parabolic mirror and a perpendicular to a plane of the liquid film is between-70 ° and 70 °.
7. The system for generating a broadband strong terahertz wave using a metal nanoparticle solution according to claim 1, further comprising a terahertz wave detection system comprising a second off-axis parabolic mirror, a silicon wafer, a third off-axis parabolic mirror, a ZnTe crystal, a first convex lens, a terahertz wave detector and a second convex lens, wherein:
the focal lengths of the second off-axis parabolic mirror and the third off-axis parabolic mirror are both 4 inches,
the second off-axis parabolic reflector converges terahertz waves into a parallel light beam, the parallel light beam is filtered by the silicon wafer and then projected to the third off-axis parabolic reflector to be focused to form a focused light beam, and the focused light beam and the detection light beam focused by the second convex lens are focused on ZnTe crystals together, then pass through the first convex lens and then are detected by the terahertz wave detector to obtain the intensity of the terahertz wave.
8. The system for generating a strong broadband terahertz wave using a metal nanoparticle solution according to claim 7, wherein the terahertz wave detector is a self-balancing photodetector.
9. A method for generating a broadband strong terahertz wave using a metal nanoparticle solution applied to the system of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
s1: the laser emits a horizontally polarized laser beam;
s2: the horizontal polarization laser beam is divided into a beam of pumping light and a beam of detection light by the spectroscope;
s3: the pump light is modulated by the chopper and then is focused to a liquid column or a liquid film through the first off-axis parabolic reflector;
s4: a terahertz wave radiation source is formed at the liquid column or the liquid film and radiates out high-intensity broadband terahertz waves.
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| CN110556689B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-01-15 | 北京航空航天大学 | Optical fiber access type liquid pool for terahertz radiation generation |
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