CN108594132A - A kind of battery equivalent circuit model - Google Patents
A kind of battery equivalent circuit model Download PDFInfo
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- CN108594132A CN108594132A CN201810441996.8A CN201810441996A CN108594132A CN 108594132 A CN108594132 A CN 108594132A CN 201810441996 A CN201810441996 A CN 201810441996A CN 108594132 A CN108594132 A CN 108594132A
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Abstract
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of battery equivalent circuit models, including：Voltage source for the open-circuit voltage for characterizing battery；The activation polarization analog circuit being electrically connected with the anode of the voltage source；The concentration polarization analog circuit being electrically connected with the activation polarization analog circuit, the concentration polarization analog circuit are also electrically connected with the anode of voltage output end；The first end of the first capacitance for characterizing battery capacity, first capacitance is electrically connected with the cathode of the voltage source；The ohmic internal resistance analog circuit being electrically connected with the second end of first capacitance, the ohmic internal resistance analog circuit are also electrically connected with the cathode of voltage output end.Battery equivalent circuit model in the embodiment of the present invention, include the circuit structure of a variety of electrical characteristics that can characterize inside battery circuit, preferably simulated battery characteristic, i.e., the better variation for characterizing battery parameter in battery charging process and discharge process, realization battery can more accurately be studied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery technology field more particularly to a kind of battery equivalent circuit models.
Background technology
Battery equivalent circuit model refers to using solid state electrical components, such as voltage source (UOCV), resistance, capacitance etc., to characterize electricity
The model of the electrical characteristics of pond internal circuit, it is so-called it is " equivalent " to be not different circuits have identical effect, and refer to same electricity
The different characteristic manners on road.In the research for lithium battery, equivalent-circuit model is due to can clearly express battery
External characteristics, and the influence factors such as voltage, electric current, temperature for having taken into account battery, mathematical expression mode clear and definite are to use at present
Widest battery model.But in equivalent-circuit model in the prior art, the electrical characteristics for characterizing inside battery circuit
Circuit structure is relatively simple, cannot good simulated battery characteristic.
Invention content
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of battery equivalent circuit models, being capable of better simulated battery characteristic.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of battery equivalent circuit models, including：
Voltage source for the open-circuit voltage for characterizing battery；
The activation polarization analog circuit being electrically connected with the anode of the voltage source；
The concentration polarization analog circuit being electrically connected with the activation polarization analog circuit, the concentration polarization analog circuit
Also it is electrically connected with the anode of voltage output end；
The first capacitance for characterizing battery capacity, the first end and the cathode of the voltage source of first capacitance are electrically connected
It connects；
The ohmic internal resistance analog circuit being electrically connected with the second end of first capacitance, the ohmic internal resistance analog circuit is also
It is electrically connected with the cathode of voltage output end.
Further, the activation polarization analog circuit includes：The first resistor being connected in parallel and the second capacitance；
Wherein, the first end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the anode of the voltage source, second end and the concentration polarization
Change analog circuit electrical connection；The anode of the first end of second capacitance and the voltage source is electrically connected, second end with it is described dense
Difference polarization analog circuit electrical connection.
Further, the concentration polarization analog circuit includes：The second resistance and third capacitance being connected in parallel；
Wherein, the first end of the second resistance is connect with the activation polarization analog circuit, second end and the electricity
Press the anode electrical connection of output end；The first end of the third capacitance is connect with the activation polarization analog circuit, second end
It is electrically connected with the anode of the voltage output end.
Further, the ohmic internal resistance analog circuit includes：In the internal charging resistance analog circuit and electric discharge being connected in parallel
Hinder analog circuit；
Wherein, the internal charging resistance analog circuit is electrically connected with the cathode of the voltage output end and first capacitance respectively
It connects, the electric discharge internal resistance analog circuit is electrically connected with the cathode of the voltage output end and first capacitance respectively.
Further, the internal charging resistance analog circuit includes：The 3rd resistor being connected in series with and the first diode；
Wherein, the first end of the 3rd resistor is electrically connected with the second end of first capacitance, second end and described the
The cathode of one diode is electrically connected, and the anode of first diode is electrically connected with the cathode of the voltage output end.
Further, the electric discharge internal resistance analog circuit includes：The 4th resistance being connected in series with and the second diode；
Wherein, the first end of the 4th resistance is electrically connected with the second end of first capacitance, second end and described the
The anode electrical connection of two diodes, the cathode of second diode are electrically connected with the cathode of the voltage output end.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Battery equivalent circuit model in the embodiment of the present invention, including a variety of electrical characteristics that can characterize inside battery circuit
Circuit structure, can better simulated battery characteristic, i.e., preferably battery is joined in characterization battery charging process and discharge process
Battery is more accurately studied in several variations, realization.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill of field, without having to pay creative labor, other are can also be obtained according to these attached drawings
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagrames of battery equivalent circuit model provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals are as follows：
101, activation polarization analog circuit；102, concentration polarization analog circuit；103, ohmic internal resistance analog circuit；
1031, internal charging resistance analog circuit；1032, discharge internal resistance analog circuit；
UOCV, voltage source；CC, the first capacitance；CP1, the second capacitance；CP1, third capacitance；RP1, first resistor；RP2, second electricity
Resistance；R1,3rd resistor；R2, the 4th resistance；D1, the first diode；D2, the second diode.
Specific implementation mode
Exemplary embodiment of the present invention is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the present invention in attached drawing
Exemplary embodiment, it being understood, however, that may be realized in various forms the present invention without should be by embodiments set forth here
It is limited.It is to be able to be best understood from the present invention on the contrary, providing these embodiments, and can be by the scope of the present invention
Completely it is communicated to those skilled in the art.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of battery equivalent circuit model, the electrical characteristics for characterizing inside battery circuit,
It can characterize the variation of battery parameter in battery charging process and discharge process with the dynamic characteristic of simulated battery, can be more
Intuitively battery is studied.
As shown in Figure 1, the battery equivalent circuit model includes：Voltage source U for the open-circuit voltage for characterizing batteryOCV, use
In the activation polarization analog circuit 101 of the activation polarization phenomenon of simulated battery, it to be used for the concentration polarization phenomenon of simulated battery
Concentration polarization analog circuit 102, the first capacitance C for characterizing battery capacityCAnd for simulated battery ohmic internal resistance
Ohmic internal resistance analog circuit 103.
Known, the internal resistance of cell is an important performance indexes for weighing battery performance.Wherein, the internal resistance of cell includes：Europe
Nurse internal resistance and polarization resistance, polarization resistance include again：Activation polarization internal resistance and concentration polarization internal resistance, and activation polarization internal resistance
Be since activation polarization phenomenon generates, concentration polarization internal resistance be since concentration polarization phenomenon generates, the present invention is real
Example is applied in order to preferably characterize the electrical characteristics of inside battery circuit, ohmic internal resistance is respectively provided in battery equivalent circuit model
Analog circuit 103, activation polarization analog circuit 101 and concentration polarization analog circuit 102.
Further, since battery capacity is also to weigh one of the important performance indexes of battery performance, it is indicated in certain condition
Under (discharge rate, temperature, final voltage etc.) battery release electricity, therefore, the embodiment of the present invention is also in battery equivalent circuit mould
A bulky capacitor, i.e. the first capacitance C are provided in typeC, for characterizing the open-circuit voltage of battery with load current ILIn time
The variation for integrating and generating.
Wherein, in battery equivalent circuit model provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the electrical connection of each circuit structure is：Electricity
Chemical polarization analog circuit 101 respectively with voltage source UOCVAnode and concentration polarization analog circuit 102 be electrically connected, concentration polarization
Analog circuit 102 is also electrically connected with the anode of voltage output end；The first end of first capacitance CC and voltage source UOCVCathode be electrically connected
Connect, second end is electrically connected with ohmic internal resistance analog circuit 103, ohmic internal resistance analog circuit 103 also with the cathode of voltage output end
Electrical connection, that is, in discharge process, from voltage source UOCVAnode output electric current, successively through activation polarization simulate electricity
Road 101 and concentration polarization analog circuit 102, flow to the anode of voltage output end, and flow into voltage source UOCVCathode electric current,
From the cathode of voltage output end, successively through ohmic internal resistance analog circuit 103 and the first capacitance CC, flow to voltage source UOCVCathode.
Due to improving performance and the safety of power battery, improves the efficiency of vehicle operation, realize battery capacity and energy
The high efficiency utilized needs battery management system to provide accurate algorithm and control strategy, but no matter uses which kind of algorithm is all
It is carried out on the basis of battery model.Battery equivalent circuit model it is accurate whether be the key that entire battery management system institute
, and the battery equivalent circuit model in the embodiment of the present invention, including a variety of electrical characteristics that can characterize inside battery circuit
Circuit structure, can better simulated battery characteristic, and according to the battery equivalent circuit model, can get more fully electric
Pond parameter is conducive to the precision for improving model, preferably to characterize the change of battery parameter in battery charging process and discharge process
Change, battery is more accurately studied in realization.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, activation polarization analog circuit 101 includes：The first resistor R being connected in parallelP1With second
Capacitance CP1.Wherein, first resistor RP1 is used to indicate the activation polarization resistance of battery, the second capacitance CP1For indicating electricity
The activation polarization capacitance in pond.
Wherein, the first end of first resistor RP1 and voltage source UOCVAnode electrical connection, second end and concentration polarization are simulated
Circuit 102 is electrically connected.Second capacitance CP1First end and voltage source UOCVAnode electrical connection, second end and concentration polarization are simulated
Circuit 102 is electrically connected.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, concentration polarization analog circuit 102 includes：The second resistance R being connected in parallelP2With third electricity
Hold CP2.Wherein, second resistance RP2Concentration polarization resistance for indicating battery, third capacitance CP2For indicating to indicate battery
Concentration polarization capacitance.
Wherein, second resistance RP2First end connect with activation polarization analog circuit 101, specifically respectively with electrochemistry
First resistor RP1 and the second capacitance C in polarization analog circuit 101P1Electrical connection；Second resistance RP2Second end and voltage it is defeated
The anode electrical connection of outlet.Third capacitance CP2First end connect with activation polarization analog circuit 101, specifically respectively with electricity
First resistor R in chemical polarization analog circuit 101P1With the second capacitance CP1Electrical connection；Third capacitance CP2Second end and voltage
The anode electrical connection of output end.
Further, as shown in Figure 1, ohmic internal resistance analog circuit 103 includes：The internal charging resistance analog circuit being connected in parallel
1031 and electric discharge internal resistance analog circuit 1032.
For the embodiment of the present invention in view of battery is in charging stage and discharge regime, ohmic internal resistance can not in resistance value
Together, therefore, internal charging resistance analog circuit 1031 and electric discharge internal resistance analog circuit 1032 are respectively provided in equivalent-circuit model,
To reduce the calculating error of ohmic internal resistance, the precision of model is improved.
Wherein, internal charging resistance analog circuit 1031 respectively with the cathode of voltage output end and the first capacitance CCElectrical connection, puts
Electric internal resistance analog circuit 1032 respectively with the cathode of voltage output end and the first capacitance CCElectrical connection.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, internal charging resistance analog circuit 1031 includes：The 3rd resistor R1 being connected in series with and first
Diode D1.
Wherein, the first end of 3rd resistor R1 and the first capacitance CCSecond end electrical connection, second end and the first diode
The cathode of D1 is electrically connected, and the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected with the cathode of voltage output end.First diode D1 is charging
On-off action is played in internal resistance analog circuit 1031, in the charging process of battery, internal charging resistance analog circuit 1031 is in logical
Line state；In the discharge process of battery, internal charging resistance analog circuit 1031 is in open-circuit condition.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, electric discharge internal resistance analog circuit 1032 includes：The 4th resistance R2 being connected in series with and second
Diode D2.
Wherein, the first end of the 4th resistance R2 and the first capacitance CCSecond end electrical connection, second end and the second diode
The anode electrical connection of D2, the cathode of the second diode D2 are electrically connected with the cathode of voltage output end.And diode in electric discharge
On-off action is played in resistance analog circuit 1032, in the discharge process of battery, electric discharge internal resistance analog circuit 1032 is in access
State；In the charging process of battery, electric discharge internal resistance analog circuit 1032 is in open-circuit condition.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the state equation of battery equivalent circuit model is：
xk+1=Axk+Buk
yk=Cxk-UkR0+Uocv
Wherein, xk+1For a state matrix, xkFor xk+1The state matrix of previous moment, yk=UL, indicate output voltage (i.e.
Terminal voltage), uk=iL,k, indicate the I at k momentL, ILIndicate load current；R0Indicate battery ohm
Internal resistance, IL>0 indicates that the discharge process of battery, R1 indicate the resistance value of 3rd resistor, that is, internal resistance of discharging；IL<0 expression battery fills
Electric process, R2 indicate the resistance value of the 4th resistance, i.e. internal charging resistance.A, B, C indicate a state gain matrix respectively, specifically
For：
C=[- 1-1-1 0].
Wherein, TsIndicate the sampling period of output voltage, CcIndicate the first capacitance CCCapacitance, Cp1Indicate the second capacitance
CP1Capacitance, Cp2Indicate third capacitance CP2Capacitance, Rp1Indicate first resistor RP1Resistance value, Rp2Indicate second resistance
RP2Resistance value, QNIndicate that the rated capacity of battery, η indicate the efficiency for charge-discharge of battery.
By using above-mentioned state equation, the numerical value of parameters can be calculated, it, can by being monitored to parameter
Get parms the situation of change in charging process and discharge process.Wherein, UL、UocvAnd ILIt can directly measure to obtain.
Wherein, the derivation of above-mentioned state equation is：
The relationship between the open-circuit voltage of battery and output voltage can be obtained according to the battery equivalent circuit model in Fig. 1
For：
UOCV=UP1+UP2+UC+R0IL+UL (1-1)
Wherein in (1-1) formula, UOCVIndicate the open-circuit voltage of battery, UP1Indicate first resistor RP1Voltage, UP2Indicate the
Two resistance RP2Voltage, UCIndicate the first capacitance CCVoltage, ULIndicate terminal voltage；
Wherein in (1-1) formula,
Again to three capacitance (i.e. C in battery equivalent circuit modelc、Cp1And Cp2) calculated, due to：
I.e.：
Wherein,For the derivative of U.
With capacitance CP1For：
Wherein, IP1Indicate the second capacitance CP1Current value,Indicate UP1Derivative.
It can similarly obtain：
Wherein,Indicate UP2Derivative.
Wherein,Indicate UCDerivative.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the estimation of SOC (State of Charge, state-of-charge, also referred to as remaining capacity) uses
Current integration method, i.e.,：
Wherein, in (1-7) formula, η is the efficiency for charge-discharge of battery, QNFor the rated capacity of battery, calculates, take for convenience
Z (t)=SOC (t), then have：
Wherein,Indicate the derivative of SOC.
Consolidated equation (1-1), (1-4), (1-5), (1-6), (1-8), obtain：
By above formula (1-9) simultaneous, obtain：
With first order Taylor formula, equation (1-10) is converted, is obtained：
Wherein, in formula, TSFor the sampling period of output voltage, then obtained after discretization and linearisation：
Load current ILFor the input of battery, output voltage (i.e. terminal voltage) ULFor the output of battery, state matrix is：yk=UL, uk=IL, k, then battery model be：
xk+1=Axk+Buk (1-15)
yk=Cxk-UkR0+UOCV (1-16)
By using above-mentioned state equation (1-15) and (1-16), parameters in equivalent-circuit model can be calculated
Numerical value, by being monitored to parameter, can get parms the situation of change in charging process and discharge process, convenient for electricity
The electrical characteristics of pond internal circuit are studied.
In conclusion the battery equivalent circuit model in the embodiment of the present invention, including a variety of it can characterize inside battery electricity
The circuit structure of the electrical characteristics on road, can better simulated battery characteristic, and according to the battery equivalent circuit model, can obtain
To more fully battery parameter, be conducive to the precision for improving model, preferably to characterize in battery charging process and discharge process
Battery is more accurately studied in the variation of battery parameter, realization.
Above-described is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that the ordinary person of the art is come
It says, can also make several improvements and retouch under the premise of not departing from principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also exist
In protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of battery equivalent circuit model, which is characterized in that including：
Voltage source (U for the open-circuit voltage for characterizing batteryOCV)；
With the voltage source (UOCV) anode electrical connection activation polarization analog circuit (101)；
The concentration polarization analog circuit (102) being electrically connected with the activation polarization analog circuit (101), the concentration polarization mould
Quasi- circuit (102) is also electrically connected with the anode of voltage output end；
The first capacitance (C for characterizing battery capacityC), the first capacitance (CC) first end and the voltage source (UOCV)
Cathode is electrically connected；
With the first capacitance (CC) second end electrical connection ohmic internal resistance analog circuit (103), ohmic internal resistance simulation electricity
Road (103) is also electrically connected with the cathode of voltage output end.
2. battery equivalent circuit model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the activation polarization analog circuit
(101) include：First resistor (the R being connected in parallelP1) and the second capacitance (CP1)；
Wherein, the first resistor (RP1) first end and the voltage source (UOCV) anode electrical connection, second end with it is described dense
Difference polarization analog circuit (102) is electrically connected；Second capacitance (the CP1) first end and the voltage source (UOCV) anode be electrically connected
It connects, second end is electrically connected with the concentration polarization analog circuit (102).
3. battery equivalent circuit model according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the concentration polarization analog circuit
(102) include：Second resistance (the R being connected in parallelP2) and third capacitance (CP2)；
Wherein, the second resistance (RP2) first end connect with the activation polarization analog circuit (101), second end and institute
State the anode electrical connection of voltage output end；Third capacitance (the CP2) first end and the activation polarization analog circuit
(101) it connects, second end is electrically connected with the anode of the voltage output end.
4. battery equivalent circuit model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ohmic internal resistance analog circuit
(103) include：The internal charging resistance analog circuit (1031) and electric discharge internal resistance analog circuit (1032) being connected in parallel；
Wherein, the internal charging resistance analog circuit (1031) respectively with the cathode of the voltage output end and first capacitance
(CC) electrical connection, the electric discharge internal resistance analog circuit (1032) respectively with the cathode of the voltage output end and first capacitance
(CC) electrical connection.
5. battery equivalent circuit model according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the internal charging resistance analog circuit
(1031) include：The 3rd resistor (R1) and the first diode (D1) being connected in series with；
Wherein, the first end of the 3rd resistor (R1) and the first capacitance (CC) second end electrical connection, second end with it is described
The cathode of first diode (D1) is electrically connected, and the cathode of the anode and the voltage output end of first diode (D1) is electrically connected
It connects.
6. battery equivalent circuit model according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that the electric discharge internal resistance analog circuit
(1032) include：The 4th resistance (R2) and the second diode (D2) being connected in series with；
Wherein, the first end of the 4th resistance (R2) and the first capacitance (CC) second end electrical connection, second end with it is described
The anode electrical connection of second diode (D2), the cathode of the cathode and the voltage output end of second diode (D2) are electrically connected
It connects.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114089076A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-02-25 | 国网北京市电力公司 | Power battery's analog circuit |
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| CN104537166A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 中国汽车技术研究中心 | Equivalent circuit model method for power battery |
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Application publication date: 20180928 |