CN105480101B - A kind of power distribution method and device of composite power source electric automobile - Google Patents
A kind of power distribution method and device of composite power source electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN105480101B CN105480101B CN201510792510.1A CN201510792510A CN105480101B CN 105480101 B CN105480101 B CN 105480101B CN 201510792510 A CN201510792510 A CN 201510792510A CN 105480101 B CN105480101 B CN 105480101B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of power distribution method and device of composite power source electric automobile, this method is applied to composite power source electric automobile, by the relation between the state-of-charge of the battery according to preservation and the output voltage of battery, the state-of-charge at battery current time is determined；According to the state-of-charge at the battery current time of determination and output voltage, the electric current of the battery of measurement, and the output voltage of the ultracapacitor determined, electric current and when state-of-charge carries out power distribution.Using the embodiment of the present invention, the output current of the battery determined according to measurement, determine the relation between the overpotential in battery equivalent model and the temperature at battery each moment, and the overpotential in battery equivalent model determines the output voltage of battery, and then the state-of-charge of battery is determined, the overpotential in battery equivalent model is battery polarization internal resistance and battery ohmic internal resistance voltage sum.This improves the arithmetic speed of power allocation procedure, so as to improve the efficiency of power distribution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to composite power source electric vehicle engineering field, more particularly to a kind of power of composite power source electric automobile
Distribution method and device.
Background technology
Pollution is small, noise is small etc. that advantage is able to fast development because of it for electric automobile.In order to make up the single electricity of electric automobile
The shortcomings that source energy can not meet to require, powered more using dual power supply, i.e. battery+ultracapacitor composition composite power source for it.
On the one hand, powerful electric current is provided when ultracapacitor can start in electric automobile, accelerate and climb, avoids heavy-current discharge
Damage battery；On the other hand, in electric automobile descending or braking, feedback high current is absorbed by ultracapacitor, realizes
Energy regenerating.
In the prior art, the operation principle of two power supplys is typically based on, establishes circuit equivalent model, monitors the defeated of two power supplys
Go out voltage, output current and operating temperature, the state-of-charge (State of Charge, SOC) of two power supplys estimated,
The charging and discharging state of two power supplys is judged, so as to carry out power distribution.
Influenceing the principal element of the state-of-charge of battery includes：Temperature, open-circuit voltage, battery ohmic internal resistance and battery polarization
Internal resistance.Open-circuit voltage and temperature in battery equivalent model can be obtained by measuring, still, battery in circuit equivalent model
The change of the time integral of output voltage and cell output current, battery polarization internal resistance, capacitive reactance, battery Europe around battery polarization internal resistance
Nurse internal resistance and the time constant that is determined by capacitive reactance around battery polarization internal resistance and battery polarization internal resistance to battery, it is necessary to carry out a system
Row hybrid power pulse ability characteristics (Hybrid Pulse Power Characteristic, HPPC) experiment obtains, this experiment
Process is more numerous and diverse, have impact on the efficiency of power distribution.
The content of the invention
It is multiple to improve the embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of power distribution method and device of composite power source electric automobile
Close the efficiency of power supply electric automobile power distribution.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of power distribution method of composite power source electric automobile,
Including：
According to the relation between the state-of-charge of the battery of preservation and the output voltage of battery, battery current time is determined
State-of-charge, wherein the relation between the state-of-charge of the battery and the output voltage of battery, according to the output voltage of battery
Relation between the temperature at battery each moment, and the output voltage of the state-of-charge of battery and battery, battery each moment
Temperature between relation determine；Relation between the temperature at output voltage and battery each moment of battery, according to battery etc.
The relation imitated between the overpotential and the temperature at battery each moment in model determines；Overpotential and electricity in battery equivalent model
The current density of relation between the temperature at pond each moment, the output current of the battery determined according to measurement and the battery of determination
It is determined that wherein, the overpotential in battery equivalent model is the voltage and battery at battery polarization internal resistance both ends in battery equivalent model
The voltage sum at ohmic internal resistance both ends；
According to the state-of-charge at the battery current time of determination and output voltage, the electric current of the battery of measurement, and determine
Output voltage, electric current and the state-of-charge of ultracapacitor carry out power distribution.
Optionally, the current density of the output current of the battery determined according to measurement and the battery of determination, determines battery etc.
The relation between the overpotential and the temperature at battery each moment in model is imitated, including：
According toDetermine the overpotential and electricity in battery equivalent model
Relation between the temperature at pond each momentWherein,It is the overpotential in battery equivalent model, j is battery
Current density, j0It is the exchange current density of battery, α, β are carry-over factors, and R is gas constant, and T is battery each moment
Temperature, F are Faraday constants, ILBe measurement determine battery output current, SLIt is the electrode area of battery.
Optionally, the pass between the overpotential in the battery equivalent model of determination and the temperature at battery each moment
System, determines the relation between the temperature at the output voltage of battery and battery each moment, including：
According toDetermine the output voltage of battery and the temperature at battery each moment
Between relation Uoc=f1(T), wherein, UocIt is the output voltage of battery, ULIt is the voltage at battery both ends in battery equivalent model,
CbIt is that the output voltage of battery and the time integral of cell output current change, ILIt is the output current of battery,It is battery etc.
Imitate the overpotential in model.
Optionally, according to the relation between the temperature at the output voltage of the battery of determination and battery each moment, and battery
State-of-charge and battery output voltage, battery each moment temperature between relation, determine the state-of-charge of battery with
Relation between the output voltage of battery, including：
According to the relation between the output voltage of the state-of-charge of the battery of determination and battery, the temperature at battery each moment
SOC=f2(Uoc, T), and according to the relation U between the output voltage and the temperature at each moment of the battery of the determinationoc=f1
(T), by Uoc=f1(T) SOC=f is substituted into2(Uoc, T), you can determine between the state-of-charge of battery and the output voltage of battery
Relation SOC=f3(Uoc)。
Optionally, the state-of-charge of the ultracapacitor is determined, including：
According to Voc=Uout+IcESR, the open-circuit voltage of ultracapacitor is determined, wherein, IcIt is the defeated of ultracapacitor
Go out electric current, ESR is ultracapacitor equivalent resistance, UoutIt is the output voltage for the ultracapacitor that measurement determines；
According toThe state-of-charge of ultracapacitor is determined, wherein, VocIt is opening for ultracapacitor
Road voltage, VminIt is the discharge cut-off voltage of ultracapacitor, VmaxIt is the charge cutoff voltage of ultracapacitor electric capacity.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of power distribution unit of composite power source electric automobile,
Including：
Battery charge state determining module, for the open-circuit voltage according to battery current time, determine battery current time
State-of-charge；
Power distribution module, for the output voltage of the battery according to determination, electric current and the state-of-charge at current time, and
Output voltage, electric current and the state-of-charge at current time of the ultracapacitor of determination carry out power distribution.
Optionally, the battery charge state determining module, is specifically included：
Battery overpotential determination sub-module, for basisIt is determined that
Relation between the temperature at overpotential and battery each moment in battery equivalent modelWherein,It is battery
Overpotential in equivalent model, j are the current densities of battery, j0It is the exchange current density of battery, α, β are carry-over factors, and R is
Gas constant, T are the temperature at battery each moment, and F is Faraday constant, ILBe measurement determine battery output current, SLIt is
The electrode area of battery.
Cell voltage determination sub-module, for basisDetermine the output of battery
Relation U between the temperature at voltage and battery each momentoc=f1(T), wherein, UocIt is the output voltage of battery, ULIt is battery
The voltage at battery both ends, C in equivalent modelbIt is that the output voltage of battery and the time integral of cell output current change, ILIt is to survey
The output current of the battery determined is measured,It is the overpotential in battery equivalent model.
The battery charge state determining module, specifically for the output of the state-of-charge and battery of the battery according to determination
Relation SOC=f between the temperature at voltage, battery each moment2(Uoc, T), and the output voltage of the battery according to determination
Relation U between the temperature at each momentoc=f1(T), determine between the state-of-charge of battery and the output voltage of battery
Relation SOC=f3(Uoc)。
Optionally, the power distribution module includes：
Ultracapacitor voltage determination sub-module, for according to Voc=Uout+IcESR, determine the open circuit of ultracapacitor
Voltage, wherein, IcIt is the output current of ultracapacitor, ESR is ultracapacitor equivalent resistance, UoutIt is the super of measurement determination
The output voltage of level capacitor；
Ultracapacitor state-of-charge determination sub-module, for basisDetermine ultracapacitor
State-of-charge, wherein, VocIt is the open-circuit voltage of ultracapacitor, VminIt is the discharge cut-off voltage of ultracapacitor electric capacity,
VmaxIt is the charge cutoff voltage of ultracapacitor electric capacity.
As seen from the above technical solutions, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of power distribution side of composite power source electric automobile
Method and device, according to the relation between the state-of-charge of the battery of preservation and the output voltage of battery, determine battery current time
State-of-charge, wherein, the relation between the state-of-charge of battery and the output voltage of battery, according to the output voltage of battery with
Relation between the temperature at battery each moment, and the output voltage of the state-of-charge of battery and battery, battery each moment
Relation between temperature determines；Relation between the temperature at output voltage and battery each moment of battery, it is equivalent according to battery
Relation between the temperature at overpotential and battery each moment in model determines；Overpotential and battery in battery equivalent model
The current density of relation between the temperature at each moment, the output current of the battery determined according to measurement and the battery of determination is true
It is fixed；According to the state-of-charge at the battery current time of determination and output voltage, the electric current of the battery of measurement, and the super electricity determined
Output voltage, electric current and the state-of-charge of container carry out power distribution.Due to the electricity in the embodiment of the present invention, determined according to measurement
The output current in pond and the current density of the battery of determination determine overpotential and battery each moment in battery equivalent model
Relation between temperature, and the overpotential in battery equivalent model determines the output voltage of battery, and then determine battery
State-of-charge, wherein, the overpotential in battery equivalent model is battery polarization internal resistance and battery ohmic internal resistance voltage sum.Cause
This, improves the arithmetic speed of power allocation procedure, so as to improve the efficiency of power distribution.Certainly, appointing for the present invention is implemented
One product or method must be not necessarily required to reach all the above advantage simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of equivalent-circuit model schematic diagram of composite power source electric car power supply provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of schematic flow sheet of composite power source electric automobile power distribution method provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural representation of composite power source electric automobile power distribution unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Below by specific embodiment, invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is a kind of equivalent-circuit model schematic diagram of composite power source electric car power supply provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
The equivalent-circuit model of its power supply mainly includes ultracapacitor equivalent model and battery equivalent model (PNGV)；
Ultracapacitor equivalent model is in series by ultracapacitor electric capacity C and equivalent series resistance ESR, VocIt is super
The open-circuit voltage of capacitor, IcIt is the output current of ultracapacitor；
Because battery is in electric discharge or electrolysis, there is electric current by electrode, electrode potential can deviate former equilibrium electrod potential, hair
Raw polarization of electrode phenomenon.Therefore, in battery equivalent model it is equivalent go out battery polarization internal resistance RPAnd around battery polarization internal resistance
Capacitive reactance CP。
Specifically, battery equivalent model is by battery polarization internal resistance RPWith capacitive reactance C around battery polarization internal resistancePParallel connection, then with reason
Think battery, battery ohmic internal resistance R0And the output voltage of battery and the time integral change C of cell output currentbIt is in series, UL
It is the voltage at battery both ends in battery equivalent model, ILIt is the output current of battery；
Ultracapacitor equivalent model one DC/DC converter of series connection, and, battery equivalent mould in parallel with battery equivalent model
The output end access load of type.
Fig. 2 is a kind of schematic flow sheet of composite power source electric automobile power distribution method provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
This method is applied to composite power source electric automobile, the described method comprises the following steps：
Step S201：According to the relation between the state-of-charge of the battery of preservation and the output voltage of battery, battery is determined
The state-of-charge at current time, wherein the relation between the state-of-charge of the battery and the output voltage of battery, according to battery
Output voltage and the temperature at battery each moment between relation, and the output voltage of the state-of-charge of battery and battery, electricity
Relation between the temperature at pond each moment determines；Relation between the temperature at output voltage and battery each moment of battery,
Relation between the temperature at overpotential and battery each moment in battery equivalent model determines；In battery equivalent model
Relation between overpotential and the temperature at battery each moment, the output current of battery determined according to measurement and the battery of determination
Current density determine, wherein, overpotential in battery equivalent model is battery polarization internal resistance both ends in battery equivalent model
Voltage and the voltage sum at battery ohmic internal resistance both ends.
Step S202：According to the state-of-charge at the battery current time of determination and output voltage, the electric current of the battery of measurement,
Power distribution is carried out with the output voltage, electric current and state-of-charge of the ultracapacitor of determination.
For step S201, the relation between the state-of-charge of the battery of the preservation and the output voltage of battery, specifically
Determination process is as follows：
First, the current density of the output current of the battery determined according to measurement and the battery of determination, determines that battery is equivalent
Relation between the temperature at overpotential and battery each moment in model.
The output current I of batteryLIt can be measured and determined by external equipment, and according toDetermine that the electric current of battery is close
Degree.Wherein, ILIt is the output current of battery, SLIt is the electrode area of battery.
Rubbed formula by the Butler-VOR that can characterize the rule that polarized in electrochemistry：
Determine that overpotential in battery equivalent model and battery are each
Relation between the temperature at momentWherein, j is the current density of battery, j0It is the exchange current density of battery,
Measured and determined by electrochemical measuring method；α, β are carry-over factors, take 0.5 here；R is gas constant, takes 8.314J/ (mol*
K)；T is the temperature at battery each moment, and unit is Kelvin K；F is Faraday constant, takes 96485.3383 ± 0.0083C/
mol；It is the overpotential in battery equivalent model, is equivalent to polarization resistance R in pond in battery equivalent modelPThe voltage at both ends with
Battery ohmic internal resistance R0The voltage sum at both ends.
Because the output current I of batteryLIt can be obtained by external equipment measurement, and the electrode area S of batteryLIt will also realize that,
The current density j of battery can be determined.Rubbed formula by above-mentioned Butler-VOR, other specification is all known quantity, therefore
The overpotential in battery equivalent model can be determinedRelation between the temperature T at battery each moment
Secondly, the relation between the temperature at overpotential and battery each moment in battery equivalent model, it is determined that electric
Relation between the temperature at output voltage and battery each moment in pond.
According toDetermine the output voltage of battery and the temperature at battery each moment
Between relation Uoc=f1(T), wherein, UocIt is the output voltage of battery, ULIt is the voltage at battery both ends in battery equivalent model,
CbIt is that the output voltage of battery and the time integral of cell output current change, ILIt is the output current of battery,It is battery etc.
Imitate the overpotential in model.
In above-mentioned formula, the voltage U at battery both ends in battery equivalent modelL, can by measure determine, battery it is defeated
Go out the time integral change C of voltage and cell output currentbAnd can be tested and determined by HPPC, because cell output current
ILIt can be determined by way of measurement, thus may determine that corresponding ∫ ILDt value, and according to overpotentialIt is each with battery
Incidence relation be present between the temperature T at momentTherefore, it is known that the output voltage of battery and battery each moment
Relation U between temperatureoc=f1(T)。
Finally, according to the relation between the temperature at the output voltage of battery and battery each moment, and the charged shape of battery
Relation between the temperature at the output voltage of state and battery, battery each moment, determine battery state-of-charge and battery it is defeated
The relation gone out between voltage, and determine the state-of-charge at battery current time.
According to the relation SOC=between the output voltage of the state-of-charge of battery and battery, the temperature at battery each moment
f2(Uoc, T), and the relation U between the output voltage of the battery determined and the temperature at each momentoc=f1(T), by Uoc=f1
(T) SOC=f is substituted into2(Uoc, T), you can determine the relation SOC=f between the state-of-charge of battery and the output voltage of battery3
(Uoc).By the open-circuit voltage for determining battery current time, you can determine the state-of-charge at battery current time.
Wherein, according to the relation between the output voltage of the state-of-charge of battery and battery, the temperature at battery each moment
SOC=f2(Uoc, T) process belong to prior art, in embodiments of the present invention to the process without repeating.
For step S202, the output voltage, electric current and state-of-charge of ultracapacitor are determined, is specifically included：
According to Voc=Uout+IcESR, the open-circuit voltage of ultracapacitor is determined, wherein, IcIt is the defeated of ultracapacitor
Go out electric current, ESR is ultracapacitor equivalent resistance, UoutIt is the output voltage of ultracapacitor.
In formula, the output voltage U of ultracapacitorout, ultracapacitor output current IcDevice measuring can be passed through
It is determined that ultracapacitor equivalent resistance ESR is related to the model of ultracapacitor, when the model of ultracapacitor determines, surpass
Level capacitor equivalent resistance ESR is also determined.
According toThe state-of-charge of ultracapacitor is determined, wherein, VocIt is opening for ultracapacitor
Road voltage, VminIt is the discharge cut-off voltage of ultracapacitor electric capacity, VmaxIt is the charge cutoff voltage of ultracapacitor electric capacity.
In above-mentioned formula, the output current I of ultracapacitorcCan directly it be measured by equipment, the open circuit of ultracapacitor
Voltage VocIt can be determined by above-mentioned formula, the charge cutoff voltage V of ultracapacitor electric capacity voltagemaxAnd discharge cut-off voltage
VminIt is related to the model of electric capacity, when the model of electric capacity determines, the charge cutoff electricity of its corresponding ultracapacitor electric capacity voltage
Pressure and discharge cut-off voltage it is also known that.
Temperature rise very little, negligible influence of the temperature to condenser capacitance in charge and discharge process due to ultracapacitor；Together
When, capacitor equivalent resistance ESR has good temperature characterisitic, varies with temperature amplitude very little, may be regarded as capacitor equivalent electricity
It is constant to hinder ESR.
For step S202, according to the output voltage of the battery of determination, electric current and the state-of-charge at current time, and determine
The output voltage of ultracapacitor, electric current and state-of-charge carry out power distribution.Wherein, according to the battery current time of determination
State-of-charge and measurement battery output voltage, electric current, and the output voltage of ultracapacitor, the electric current and charged determined
The process that state carries out power distribution belongs to prior art, in embodiments of the present invention to the process without repeating.
Due to need to only use HPPC experiments to obtain the output voltage and cell output current of battery in embodiments of the present invention
Time integral change Cb, without obtain battery polarization internal resistance, capacitive reactance around battery polarization internal resistance, battery ohmic internal resistance and by
The time constant that capacitive reactance determines around battery polarization internal resistance and battery polarization internal resistance, therefore composite power source electric car can be improved
The efficiency of power distribution.
The technical scheme provided using the embodiment of the present invention, according to the output of the state-of-charge of the battery of preservation and battery
Relation between voltage, the state-of-charge at battery current time is determined, wherein, the state-of-charge of battery and the output voltage of battery
Between relation, according to the relation between the temperature at the output voltage of battery and battery each moment, and the state-of-charge of battery
Relation between the temperature at output voltage, battery each moment with battery determines；When the output voltage of battery and each battery
Relation between the temperature at quarter, the relation between the temperature at overpotential and battery each moment in battery equivalent model are true
It is fixed；Relation between the temperature at overpotential and battery each moment in battery equivalent model, the battery determined according to measurement
Output current and the current density of the battery of determination determine；According to the state-of-charge at the current time of determination and the battery of measurement
Output voltage, electric current, and the output voltage of the ultracapacitor determined, electric current and state-of-charge carry out power distribution.Improve
The arithmetic speed of power allocation procedure, so as to improve the efficiency of power distribution.
A kind of composite power source electric automobile power provided with reference to a specific embodiment the embodiment of the present invention
The method of distribution is introduced.
Assuming that after composite power source electric automobile starts, redistributed every the three hours power to composite power source electric automobile
Once.Other time intervals, such as 10 minutes can certainly be used, either half an hour or hour etc., specifically
Can be set as needed.Only illustrated herein exemplified by three hours.
In order to ensure the accuracy of power distribution, opened in embodiments of the present invention from composite power source electric automobile Startup time
Begin, per at regular intervals, one-shot measurement can be carried out to the physical quantity that can be obtained by measuring, obtain respective physical amount
Numerical value.In order to reach more accurate power distribution effect, the time can be several seconds, or a few minutes, of course for reduction
The amount of calculation of power distribution, the efficiency of power distribution is further improved, the time can also be more than ten minutes, or dozens of minutes
Deng.
According to the output current I of the battery obtained in above-mentioned corresponding each time measurementL, it may be determined that the electric current of battery
Density j, and according to Butler-VOR rub formula determine overpotential in battery equivalent model and battery each moment temperature it
Between relationThe output current pair of the battery obtained can be measured according to each momentIn f
Carry out amendment in real time and obtain f '；So as to it is determined that battery output voltage and battery each moment temperature between relation when,
Can be to Uoc=f1(T) f in1Carry out amendment in real time and obtain f '1；Also, each physics obtained according to being measured at each moment
Amount, can also pair determine battery current time state-of-charge SOC=f2(Uoc, T) in f2Carry out amendment in real time and obtain f '2,
So as to ensure the accuracy in subsequent power distribution.Wherein to f, f1、f2The process of amendment belongs to prior art, such as can be
Take f, f corresponding to two adjacent above-mentioned two times1Or f2Average etc..
At the time of power distribution will be carried out current time is determined as current time, i.e. three hours after startup, measurement
Cell output current is IL1, then the Cell current density at current time beWherein, IL1It is the defeated of battery current time
Go out electric current, SLIt is the electrode area of battery.
Rubbed formula according to Butler-VOR：It can determine that battery is equivalent
Overpotential in modelWith the relation between the temperature T at each moment in three hours of batteryAccording to
The f " that above-mentioned revised f ' and the current time determine, obtains revised f.
The relation between overpotential in the output voltage and battery equivalent model of battery is：
By the overpotential of determinationWith each moment in three hours of battery
Temperature T between relationSubstitute into above formula, it may be determined that every in the output voltage of battery and three hours of battery
Relation between the temperature T at individual moment is Uoc=f "1(T).According to above-mentioned revised f '1And the f " that current time determines1, obtain
To revised f1。
According to prior art, between the temperature at the state-of-charge of battery and the output voltage of battery, battery each moment
Relation is SOC=f "2(Uoc, T), according to above-mentioned revised f '2And the f " that current time determines2, obtain revised f2.Again
According to the relation U between the temperature at each moment in three hours of the output voltage of revised battery and batteryoc=f1(T),
By Uoc=f1(T) SOC=f is substituted into2(Uoc, T), you can determine the relation between the state-of-charge of battery and the output voltage of battery
For SOC=f3(Uoc)。
Therefore, the output voltage U for the battery for determining current time can be passed throughoc1, determine the charged shape at battery current time
State SOC1。
The output current for measuring current time ultracapacitor is Ic1, output voltage Uout1, according to Voc=Uout+Ic·
ESR, the open-circuit voltage for determining current time ultracapacitor are Voc1；According toDetermine that current time surpasses
The state-of-charge of level capacitor is SOCuc1。
According to the output voltage U of the current time battery of determinationoc1, electric current IL1And state-of-charge SOC1, and determine current
The output voltage U of moment ultracapacitorout1, electric current Ic1And state-of-charge SOCuc1, you can complete to composite power source electric automobile
Power distribution.
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural representation of composite power source electric automobile power distribution unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
Applied to composite power source electric automobile, described device includes battery charge state determining module 31, power distribution module 32.
Battery charge state determining module 31, for the battery according to preservation state-of-charge and battery output voltage it
Between relation, determine the state-of-charge at battery current time, wherein the output voltage of the state-of-charge of the battery and battery it
Between relation, according to the relation between the temperature at the output voltage of battery and battery each moment, and the state-of-charge of battery with
Relation between the temperature at output voltage, battery each moment of battery determines；The output voltage of battery and battery each moment
Temperature between relation, the relation between the temperature at overpotential and battery each moment in battery equivalent model is true
It is fixed；Relation between the temperature at overpotential and battery each moment in battery equivalent model, the battery determined according to measurement
Output current and the determination of the current density of the battery of determination, wherein, the overpotential in battery equivalent model is battery equivalent model
The voltage at middle battery polarization internal resistance both ends and the voltage sum at battery ohmic internal resistance both ends；
The battery charge state determining module 31, including：
Battery overpotential determination sub-module 311, for basisReally
Determine the relation between the overpotential in battery equivalent model and the temperature at battery each momentWherein,It is battery
Overpotential in equivalent model, j are the current densities of battery, j0It is the exchange current density of battery, α, β are carry-over factors, and R is
Gas constant, T are the temperature at battery each moment, and F is Faraday constant, ILBe measurement determine battery output current, SLIt is
The electrode area of battery.
The battery charge state determining module 31, including：
Cell voltage determination sub-module 312, for basisDetermine the defeated of battery
The relation U gone out between the temperature at voltage and battery each momentoc=f1(T), wherein, UocIt is the output voltage of battery, ULIt is electricity
The voltage at battery both ends, C in the equivalent model of pondbIt is that the output voltage of battery and the time integral of cell output current change, ILIt is
The output current of the battery determined is measured,It is the overpotential in battery equivalent model.
The battery charge state determining module 31, state-of-charge and battery specifically for the battery according to determination it is defeated
The relation SOC=f gone out between the temperature at voltage, battery each moment2(Uoc, T), and the output electricity of the battery according to determination
Relation U between pressure and the temperature at each momentoc=f1(T), determine between the state-of-charge of battery and the output voltage of battery
Relation SOC=f3(Uoc)。
Power distribution module 32, for the battery current time according to determination state-of-charge and measurement battery output
Voltage, electric current, and the output voltage of the ultracapacitor determined, electric current and state-of-charge carry out power distribution.
The power distribution module 32, including：
Ultracapacitor voltage determination sub-module 321, for according to Voc=Uout+IcESR, determine ultracapacitor
Open-circuit voltage Voc, wherein, IcIt is the output current of ultracapacitor, ESR is ultracapacitor equivalent resistance, UoutIt is that measurement is true
The output voltage of fixed ultracapacitor；
Ultracapacitor state-of-charge determination sub-module 322, for basisDetermine super capacitor
The state-of-charge SOC of deviceuc, wherein, VocIt is the open-circuit voltage of ultracapacitor, VminIt is the electric discharge cut-off of ultracapacitor electric capacity
Voltage, VmaxIt is the charge cutoff voltage of ultracapacitor electric capacity.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of power distribution method and device of composite power source electric automobile, according to the electricity of preservation
Relation between the state-of-charge in pond and the output voltage of battery, the state-of-charge at battery current time is determined, wherein, battery
Relation between state-of-charge and the output voltage of battery, according between the temperature at the output voltage of battery and battery each moment
Relation, and relation between the temperature at the output voltage of the state-of-charge of battery and battery, battery each moment determines；Battery
Output voltage and the temperature at battery each moment between relation, the overpotential and battery in battery equivalent model be each
Relation between the temperature at moment determines；Pass between the temperature at overpotential and battery each moment in battery equivalent model
The current density of system, the output current of the battery determined according to measurement and the battery of determination determines；It is current according to the battery of determination
The output voltage of the state-of-charge at moment and the battery of measurement, electric current, and determine the output voltage of ultracapacitor, electric current and
State-of-charge carries out power distribution.Due in the embodiment of the present invention, the output current of the battery determined according to measurement and determination
The current density of battery determines the relation between the overpotential in battery equivalent model and the temperature at battery each moment, and according to
Overpotential in battery equivalent model determines the output voltage of battery, and then determines the state-of-charge of battery, wherein, battery is equivalent
Overpotential in model is battery polarization internal resistance and battery ohmic internal resistance voltage sum.This improves power allocation procedure
Arithmetic speed, so as to improve the efficiency of power distribution.
For systems/devices embodiment, because it is substantially similar to embodiment of the method, so the comparison of description is simple
Single, the relevent part can refer to the partial explaination of embodiments of method.
It should be noted that herein, such as first and second or the like relational terms are used merely to a reality
Body or operation make a distinction with another entity or operation, and not necessarily require or imply and deposited between these entities or operation
In any this actual relation or order.Moreover, term " comprising ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to
Nonexcludability includes, so that process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only will including those
Element, but also the other element including being not expressly set out, or it is this process, method, article or equipment also to include
Intrinsic key element.In the absence of more restrictions, the key element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that
Other identical element also be present in process, method, article or equipment including the key element.
Each embodiment in this specification is described by the way of related, identical similar portion between each embodiment
Divide mutually referring to what each embodiment stressed is the difference with other embodiment.It is real especially for system
For applying example, because it is substantially similar to embodiment of the method, so description is fairly simple, related part is referring to embodiment of the method
Part explanation.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made within the spirit and principles in the present invention etc., are all contained in protection scope of the present invention
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of power distribution method of composite power source electric automobile, it is characterised in that applied to composite power source electric automobile, institute
Stating method includes step：
According to the relation between the state-of-charge of the battery of preservation and the output voltage of battery, the charged of battery current time is determined
State, wherein the relation between the state-of-charge of the battery and the output voltage of battery, according to the output voltage of battery and electricity
Relation between the temperature at pond each moment, and the temperature at the output voltage of the state-of-charge of battery and battery, battery each moment
Relation between degree determines；Relation between the temperature at output voltage and battery each moment of battery, according to the equivalent mould of battery
Relation between the temperature at overpotential and battery each moment in type determines；Overpotential and battery in battery equivalent model is every
The current density of relation between the temperature at individual moment, the output current of the battery determined according to measurement and the battery of determination is true
It is fixed, wherein, the overpotential in battery equivalent model is the voltage at battery polarization internal resistance both ends and battery Europe in battery equivalent model
The voltage sum at nurse internal resistance both ends；
According to the state-of-charge at the battery current time of determination and output voltage, the electric current of the battery of measurement, and determine super
Output voltage, electric current and the state-of-charge of capacitor carry out power distribution.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described according to measurement determine battery output current and really
The current density of fixed battery, the relation between the overpotential in battery equivalent model and the temperature at battery each moment is determined,
Including：
According toDetermine that overpotential in battery equivalent model and battery are every
Relation between the temperature at individual momentWherein,It is the overpotential in battery equivalent model, j is the electricity of battery
Current density, j0It is the exchange current density of battery, α, β are carry-over factors, and R is gas constant, and T is the temperature at battery each moment
Degree, F are Faraday constants, ILBe measurement determine battery output current, SLIt is the electrode area of battery.
3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterised in that the overpotential in the battery equivalent model according to determination
Relation between the temperature at battery each moment, determine the pass between the temperature at the output voltage of battery and battery each moment
System, including：
According toDetermine between the output voltage of battery and the temperature at battery each moment
Relation Uoc=f1(T), wherein, UocIt is the output voltage of battery, ULIt is the voltage at battery both ends in battery equivalent model, CbIt is
The output voltage of battery and the time integral of cell output current change, ILIt is the output current for the battery that measurement determines,It is
Overpotential in battery equivalent model.
4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that the output voltage according to battery and battery each moment
Temperature between relation, and the pass between the temperature at the output voltage of the state-of-charge of battery and battery, battery each moment
System, determines the relation between the state-of-charge of battery and the output voltage of battery, including：
According to the relation SOC between the output voltage of the state-of-charge of the battery of determination and battery, the temperature at battery each moment
=f2(Uoc, T), and according to the relation U between the output voltage and the temperature at each moment of the battery of determinationoc=f1(T),
Determine the relation SOC=f between the state-of-charge of battery and the output voltage of battery3(Uoc)。
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the state-of-charge for determining ultracapacitor, including：
According to Voc=Uout+IcESR, determine the open-circuit voltage V of ultracapacitoroc, wherein, IcIt is the output of ultracapacitor
Electric current, ESR are ultracapacitor equivalent resistances, UoutIt is the output voltage for the ultracapacitor that measurement determines；
According toDetermine the state-of-charge SOC of ultracapacitoruc, wherein, VocIt is opening for ultracapacitor
Road voltage, VminIt is the discharge cut-off voltage of ultracapacitor electric capacity, VmaxIt is the charge cutoff voltage of ultracapacitor electric capacity.
6. a kind of power distribution unit of composite power source electric automobile, it is characterised in that applied to composite power source electric automobile, institute
Stating device includes：
Battery charge state determining module, for the pass between the state-of-charge of the battery according to preservation and the output voltage of battery
System, the state-of-charge at battery current time is determined, wherein the pass between the state-of-charge of the battery and the output voltage of battery
System, according to the relation between the temperature at the output voltage of battery and battery each moment, and the state-of-charge of battery and battery
Relation between the temperature at output voltage, battery each moment determines；The output voltage of battery and the temperature at battery each moment
Between relation, the relation between the temperature at overpotential and battery each moment in battery equivalent model determines；Battery
Relation between the temperature at overpotential and battery each moment in equivalent model, the output current of the battery determined according to measurement
And the current density of the battery determined determines, wherein, the overpotential in battery equivalent model is battery pole in battery equivalent model
Change the voltage at internal resistance both ends and the voltage sum at battery ohmic internal resistance both ends；
Power distribution module, for the battery current time according to determination state-of-charge and measurement battery output voltage,
Electric current, and the output voltage of the ultracapacitor determined, electric current and state-of-charge carry out power distribution.
7. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the battery charge state determining module includes：
Battery overpotential determination sub-module, for basisDetermine battery etc.
Imitate the relation between the overpotential and the temperature at battery each moment in modelWherein,It is the equivalent mould of battery
Overpotential in type, j are the current densities of battery, j0It is the exchange current density of battery, α, β are carry-over factors, and R is that gas is normal
Number, T are the temperature at battery each moment, and F is Faraday constant, ILBe measurement determine battery output current, SLIt is battery
Electrode area.
8. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the battery charge state determining module includes：
Cell voltage determination sub-module, for basisDetermine the output voltage of battery with
Relation U between the temperature at battery each momentoc=f1(T), wherein, UocIt is the output voltage of battery, ULIt is the equivalent mould of battery
The voltage at battery both ends, C in typebIt is that the output voltage of battery and the time integral of cell output current change, ILIt is that measurement determines
Battery output current,It is the overpotential in battery equivalent model.
9. device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the battery charge state determining module, specifically for root
According to the relation SOC=f between the temperature at output voltage, battery each moment of the state-of-charge and battery of the battery of determination2
(Uoc, T), and according to the relation U between the output voltage and the temperature at each moment of the battery of determinationoc=f1(T), it is determined that
Relation SOC=f between the state-of-charge of battery and the output voltage of battery3(Uoc)。
10. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the power distribution module includes：
Ultracapacitor voltage determination sub-module, for according to Voc=Uout+IcESR, determine the open-circuit voltage of ultracapacitor
Voc, wherein, IcIt is the output current of ultracapacitor, ESR is ultracapacitor equivalent resistance, UoutIt is the super of measurement determination
The output voltage of capacitor；
Ultracapacitor state-of-charge determination sub-module, for basisDetermine the charged of ultracapacitor
State SOCuc, wherein, VocIt is the open-circuit voltage of ultracapacitor, VminIt is the discharge cut-off voltage of ultracapacitor electric capacity, Vmax
It is the charge cutoff voltage of ultracapacitor electric capacity.
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| CN106427607B (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2019-10-18 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | A kind of electric vehicle hybrid energy storage system energy distributing method |
| CN109444758A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-08 | 湖南金杯新能源发展有限公司 | Battery charge state estimation method, device, storage medium and computer equipment |
| CN110239395B (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-08-11 | 中南大学 | Frequency division control method and device of composite power supply and composite power supply |
| CN114056096B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-07-07 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | Method, system, medium and equipment for maintaining stable bus voltage of electric automobile |
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