CN108588551B - Micro-alloying wear-resistant ball, and preparation method and preparation system thereof - Google Patents
Micro-alloying wear-resistant ball, and preparation method and preparation system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108588551B CN108588551B CN201810224619.9A CN201810224619A CN108588551B CN 108588551 B CN108588551 B CN 108588551B CN 201810224619 A CN201810224619 A CN 201810224619A CN 108588551 B CN108588551 B CN 108588551B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/18—Details
- B02C17/20—Disintegrating members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
- B21H1/14—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution balls, rollers, cone rollers, or like bodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/36—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
The invention provides a microalloyed wear-resistant ball, a preparation method and a preparation system thereof, wherein the microalloyed wear-resistant ball comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.75-0.85%; si: 0.15-0.35%; mn: 0.65-0.75%; cr: 0.4-0.5%; b: 0.05 to 0.1 percent; n: 0.01 to 0.05 percent; mg: 0.01 to 0.15 percent; ca: 0.05 to 0.15 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.010 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.015 percent; the balance being Fe. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the microalloyed wear-resistant ball, which comprises the following steps: induction smelting → continuous casting, rolling into bars → medium frequency induction heating → skew rolling and rotary cutting to form balls → heat treatment process (quenching and tempering). The microalloyed wear-resistant ball has the advantages of high strength, high toughness, simple production process and low price.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metallurgical technology, in particular to a microalloyed wear-resistant ball, a preparation method and a preparation system thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of society, natural resources such as energy ores and the like are less and less, the mining environment is harder and harder, the required mining cost is higher and higher, and how to reduce the energy mining loss and cost investment becomes the key point of the energy strategy in China. In the industrial production of mineral resources, grinding balls are used as a grinding medium of the ball mill, the grinding balls have the function of crushing and grinding materials in the production process, and the quality and the service performance of the grinding balls directly influence the working efficiency and the powder making quality of the ball mill. Therefore, the development of high-quality grinding balls is of great significance for improving the mining efficiency and reducing the mining consumption.
The design and development of the high-strength and high-toughness grinding ball are always targets of continuous pursuit of domestic and foreign grinding ball enterprises, and through the research and the attack of domestic and foreign researchers and production enterprises, the developed more mature grinding ball material is provided. The following categories are mainly available: medium-high carbon steel forged balls, bainite steel grinding balls, high-chromium alloy cast balls, medium-chromium alloy cast balls, low-chromium alloy cast balls and the like. However, with the increasing requirements on the hardness and toughness of the grinding balls, the above materials have not been able to meet the performance index requirements.
In order to make up for the deficiency, researchers in recent years have designed and developed Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) grinding balls and carbide-containing isothermal and pyrophoric cast iron (CADI) grinding balls. While ADI and CADI grinding balls have shown some advantages over other materials, they still suffer from technical deficiencies. Firstly, ADI or CADI grinding balls need isothermal quenching heat treatment, a large amount of molten salt is needed to be used as a quenching medium in the heat treatment process, and the most obvious defects are that the production environment is severe and the air pollution is large. Meanwhile, large salt bath equipment is needed for producing the grinding balls, and the equipment investment cost and the production cost are high; secondly, the hardenability problem of the ADI or CADI grinding ball is not well solved, and the problems that the hardness difference between the core part and the surface is too large, the volume hardness of the grinding ball is unstable and the like often occur in the production of large-size ADI or CADI grinding balls.
Therefore, the design and research of a novel wear-resistant ball with high strength, high toughness, simple production process and low price has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a microalloyed wear-resistant ball aiming at the problems of poor production process and unstable hardness of the conventional grinding ball, and the microalloyed wear-resistant ball has the advantages of high strength, high toughness, simple production process and low price.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a microalloyed wear-resistant ball comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
C：0.75-0.85％；
Si：0.15-0.35％；
Mn：0.65-0.75％；
Cr：0.4-0.5％；
B：0.05-0.1％；
N：0.01-0.05％；
Mg：0.01-0.15％；
Ca：0.05-0.15％；
S≤0.010％；
P≤0.015％；
the balance being Fe.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the microalloyed wear-resistant ball, which comprises the following steps:
step 4, quenching, namely rolling the qualified hot-rolled steel balls into a conveyor through a ball screening device, conveying the steel balls to an air cooling area for precooling through an automatic guide rail, and regulating and controlling the running average speed of the guide rail in the air cooling area to enable the hot-rolled steel balls to reach a preset quenching temperature in the air cooling area; the hot-rolled steel balls roll into a double-spiral stirrer groove in a quenching tank through a slope, and rotate with a rotating machine to advance while quenching and cooling;
and 5, tempering, namely, enabling the quenched steel ball to enter an automatic belt and enter an annealing furnace along with the automatic belt, and performing primary tempering and secondary tempering treatment to prepare the microalloying wear-resistant ball.
Further, the smelting in the step 1 comprises the following steps of refining in an electric furnace/converter + L F and vacuum degassing, wherein the external tapping temperature of the electric furnace/converter is 1600-.
Further, the alloy steel bar with the diameter of 50mm corresponds to the wear-resistant ball with the diameter of 50mm, and the alloy steel bar with the diameter of 75mm corresponds to the wear-resistant ball with the diameter of 80 mm.
Further, in step 2, the average speed of the slide rail is as follows: 3m/min-4m/min, and the temperature of the alloy steel bar reaches 850-.
Further, the hot rolling temperature in the step 3 is 840-860 ℃, the rotating speed range of the roller is 50-65 r/min, and the diameter of the roller is phi 300 mm-phi 350 mm.
Further, in the step 3, the diameter of the matched spiral hole is selected in the hot rolling process, the diameter of the alloy steel bar with the diameter of 50mm is selected to be 52mm, and the diameter of the alloy steel bar with the diameter of 80mm is selected to be 82 mm.
Further, in the step 4, the average speed of the guide rail is 5m/min-6m/min, and the quenching temperature is 800-.
Further, the quenching medium in the step 4 is water or a water-soluble quenching medium, the temperature of the quenching medium is 30-50 ℃, the rotating machine rotates and advances while quenching and cooling, and the ball temperature after quenching is 115-135 ℃.
Further, in the step 5, the primary tempering temperature is 170-; the secondary tempering temperature is 150-.
The preparation method of the microalloyed wear-resistant ball obtained according to the steps is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the obtained microalloyed wear-resistant ball structure is a matrix structure composed of martensite, lower bainite and residual austenite and a boride strengthening phase which is dispersed, and the other purpose of the invention also discloses a preparation system of the microalloyed wear-resistant ball, which comprises the following steps: a smelting device, a continuous casting and rolling device, an induction heating device (intermediate frequency induction heating device), a steel ball rolling mill, a ball screening device and a heat treatment device which are connected in sequence.
Further, an infrared temperature measuring device is arranged at the tail end of the reaction heating section of the induction heating device; the preparation system of the microalloying wear-resisting ball also comprises a controller, wherein the controller is electrically connected with the infrared temperature measuring device and a slide rail (a slide rail motor) of the induction heating device; the heat treatment device comprises an air cooling area, a quenching tank, a primary tempering furnace and a secondary tempering furnace which are arranged in sequence.
The invention provides a microalloyed wear-resistant ball, a preparation method and a preparation system thereof based on two aspects of microalloyed component design and automatic short-flow skew rolling ball production process control. The steel for the microalloying wear-resistant ball is novel microalloying wear-resistant ball steel designed by reducing the contents of manganese and chromium elements and adding trace elements of boron, nitrogen, magnesium, calcium and other elements of microalloying on the basis of the traditional carbon-manganese steel; the preparation method of the microalloyed wear-resistant ball comprises the following steps: induction smelting → continuous casting, rolling into bar → medium frequency induction heating → skew rolling rotary cutting balling → heat treatment process (quenching and tempering), compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) compared with the traditional carbon manganese steel, the microalloyed wear-resistant ball steel is mainly added with trace boron element, calcium element and magnesium element. The action mechanism of the added alloy elements is as follows: boron element improves hardenability on one hand, and introduces boride precipitation phase to enhance strength and hardness on the other hand. The calcium element mainly plays a role in purification, the calcium has strong deoxidizing capacity and can play a good role in degassing, and the calcium also has a modification and deterioration effect in inclusion. The magnesium element can perform the functions of deoxidation, desulphurization, molten steel purification and inclusion morphology improvement.
2) According to the invention, the boride strengthening phase which is dispersed and distributed by a martensite, lower bainite and residual austenite matrix structure is obtained by matching the microalloying design with the subsequent heat treatment process, so that the strength and hardness of the microalloying wear-resistant ball are obviously improved, and the wear resistance of the grinding ball is enhanced.
3) The invention has simple process, easy operation, short production period, low cost, high automation degree and good and stable product quality, is suitable for manufacturing large-batch high-quality wear-resistant balls for mines, promotes the technical popularization of high-quality grinding balls and promotes the development of the grinding material industry in China.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microalloying wear-resistant ball preparation system (wherein a is a top view of a medium-frequency induction heating device, a steel ball rolling mill and a ball screening device, b is a front view of an air cooling area and a quenching tank, and c is a top view of a first tempering furnace and a second tempering furnace);
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the rolling balling process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the metallographic structure of the steel for a microalloyed wear-resistant ball of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a scanning photograph of the precipitated phases of steel for the microalloyed wear-resistant ball of example 1;
FIG. 5 shows the results of the precipitated phase spectra of the steel for the microalloyed wear-resistant ball of example 1.
Wherein: 1. the steel ball quenching process comprises the following steps of alloy steel bars, 2 parts of an induction heating device, 3 parts of an infrared temperature measuring device, 4 parts of a steel ball rolling mill, 5 parts of a ball screening device, 6 parts of an air cooling area, 7 parts of a quenching tank, 8 parts of a double-helix stirring machine, 9 parts of a primary tempering furnace, 10 parts of a secondary tempering furnace and 11 parts of a controller.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
This example discloses a microalloyed wear-resistant ball whose main chemical composition (% by mass) is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical composition of microalloyed wear-resistant ball
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | B | N | Mg | Ca | P | S | Fe |
| 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.68 | 0.43 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.1 | ≤0.010 | ≤0.010 | Balance of |
The embodiment discloses a system for preparing a microalloyed wear-resistant ball, which structurally comprises the following components as shown in figures 1-2: a smelting device, a continuous casting and rolling device, an induction heating device 2 (a medium-frequency induction heating device), a steel ball rolling mill 4, a ball screening device 5 and a heat treatment device which are connected in sequence. An infrared temperature measuring device 3 is arranged at the tail end of a reaction heating section of the induction heating device 2, the preparation system of the microalloying wear-resistant ball further comprises a controller 11, and the controller 11 is electrically connected with the infrared temperature measuring device 3 and a slide rail (slide rail motor) of the induction heating device; the heat treatment device comprises an air cooling area 6, a quenching tank 7, a primary tempering furnace 9 and a secondary tempering furnace 10 which are arranged in sequence, wherein a double-helix stirring machine 8 is arranged in the quenching tank 7.
The method for preparing the microalloyed wear-resistant balls by adopting the microalloyed wear-resistant ball preparation system comprises the following steps of smelting the alloy by adopting an electric furnace/converter + L F refining + vacuum degassing smelting method, wherein the tapping temperature of the converter is 1620 ℃, the refining temperature of L F is 1582 ℃, the refining treatment time is 35min, the hydrogen content in liquid in the smelting process is less than 2.0ppm, and the oxygen content of a finished product obtained after smelting is less than 20 ppm.
Casting the smelted melt into a blank in a die casting mode, and then obtaining an alloy steel bar through a rolling process, wherein the diameter phi of the alloy steel bar is 50mm, and the dimensional tolerance is as follows: 0, +0.4mm, bar length 6 m.
The alloy steel bar is placed on an automatic guide rail, 4 groups of induction heaters of an induction heating device are passed through the automatic guide rail, an infrared temperature measuring device arranged at the outlet of the inductor measures the temperature of the bar, the temperature of the bar is 860 ℃, the bar is fed back to a PID controller, the average speed of a conveyor belt is controlled to be 3m/min, then the steel bar in a red hot state is automatically fed into a steel ball rolling mill through a roller way, the hot rolling process selects a skew rolling process, and the steel bar is rotated and advanced between rollers with spiral holes and is continuously rolled into steel balls. The rolling temperature is 855 ℃, the rotating speed range of the roller is 60 revolutions per minute, the diameter range of the roller is phi 350, the embodiment mainly aims at a grinding ball with the diameter phi 50, and the diameter of the thread of the selected roller is 52 mm.
The rolled steel balls are conveyed to a ball screening device by a conveyor, and the steel balls with unqualified overall dimensions can be removed by the ball screening device. Qualified steel balls are rolled into a conveyor through a ball screening device and are conveyed to an air cooling area for precooling through an automatic guide rail, the average speed of the guide rail at the working section is controlled through PID, the average speed of the guide rail is 5m/min to enable the guide rail to reach a preset quenching temperature, the quenching temperature is 810 ℃, then the rolled balls are rolled into a groove of a double-helix stirring machine in a quenching tank through a slope, the rolling balls advance along with the rotation of a rotating machine and are quenched and cooled, a quenching medium adopts water, the water temperature control range in the quenching process is 30-40 ℃, the rolling balls advance along with the rotation of the double-helix stirring machine and are quenched and cooled, and the ball temperature after quenching is 120 plus 125.
The quenched steel ball enters an automatic belt and enters an annealing furnace along with the automatic belt to carry out primary tempering and secondary tempering treatment, wherein the primary tempering temperature is 200 ℃, the tempering time is 5 hours, the secondary tempering temperature is 150 ℃, and the tempering time is 3 hours.
The physical and chemical properties of the microalloyed wear-resistant ball are detected as follows: the obtained microalloyed wear-resistant spherical ball is longitudinally split through the spherical center, the sample is taken along the core area, the Rockwell hardness detection is carried out on the central part of the sample, the position of one fourth of the drawing strip radius, the position of one half of the drawing strip radius, the part of three fourths of the drawing strip radius, the surface position and other areas, and the obtained hardness values are respectively: HRCCore part＝52，HRCr/4＝62，HRCr/2＝61.5HRC3r/4＝62.5，HRCSurface of63. Meanwhile, a normal-temperature notch-free pendulum impact test is carried out on the sample to obtain the impact energy Ak＝28J/cm2。
As can be seen from fig. 3, the metallographic structure of the steel for the microalloyed wear-resistant ball is an acicular martensite + lower bainite + residual austenite matrix structure; as can be seen from fig. 4, the steel for the microalloyed wear-resistant ball is a precipitated phase which is dispersed and distributed; the precipitated phase spectrum results of FIG. 5 illustrate that the dispersed precipitated phase is boride
Example 2
This example discloses a microalloyed wear-resistant ball whose main chemical composition (% by mass) is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 chemical composition of microalloyed wear-resistant ball
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | B | N | Mg | Ca | P | S | Fe |
| 0.75 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.45 | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.1 | ≤0.010 | ≤0.010 | Balance of |
The embodiment discloses a system for preparing a microalloyed wear-resistant ball, which structurally comprises the following components as shown in figures 1-2: a smelting device, a continuous casting and rolling device, an induction heating device 2 (a medium-frequency induction heating device), a steel ball rolling mill 4, a ball screening device 5 and a heat treatment device which are connected in sequence. An infrared temperature measuring device 3 is arranged at the tail end of a reaction heating section of the induction heating device 2, the preparation system of the microalloying wear-resistant ball further comprises a controller 11, and the controller 11 is electrically connected with the infrared temperature measuring device 3 and a slide rail (slide rail motor) of the induction heating device; the heat treatment device comprises an air cooling area 6, a quenching tank 7, a primary tempering furnace 9 and a secondary tempering furnace 10 which are arranged in sequence, wherein a double-helix stirring machine 8 is arranged in the quenching tank 7.
The method for preparing the microalloyed wear-resistant balls by adopting the microalloyed wear-resistant ball preparation system comprises the following steps of smelting the alloy by adopting an electric furnace/converter + L F refining + vacuum degassing smelting method, wherein the tapping temperature of the converter is 1625 ℃, the refining temperature of L F is 1580 ℃, the refining treatment time is 30min, the hydrogen content in liquid in the smelting process is less than 2.0ppm, and the oxygen content of a finished product obtained after smelting is less than 20 ppm.
Casting the smelted melt into a blank in a die casting mode, and then obtaining an alloy steel bar through a rolling process, wherein the diameter phi of the alloy steel bar is 80mm, and the dimensional tolerance is as follows: 0, +0.4mm, bar length 6 m.
The alloy steel bar is placed on an automatic guide rail, 4 groups of induction heaters of an induction heating device are passed through the automatic guide rail, the temperature of the bar is measured by an infrared temperature measuring device arranged at the outlet of the inductor, the temperature of the bar is 870 ℃, the bar is fed back to a PID controller, the average speed of a conveyor belt is controlled to be 4m/min, then the steel bar in a red hot state is automatically fed into a steel ball rolling mill through a roller table, the skew rolling process is selected in the hot rolling process, and the steel bar is rotated and advanced between rollers with spiral holes and is continuously rolled into steel balls. The rolling temperature is 860 ℃, the rotating speed range of the roller is 55 revolutions per minute, the diameter range of the roller is phi 320, the embodiment mainly aims at the grinding ball with the diameter phi 80, and the diameter of the thread of the selected roller is 82 mm.
The rolled steel balls are conveyed to a ball screening device by a conveyor, and the steel balls with unqualified overall dimensions can be removed by the ball screening device. Qualified steel balls are rolled into a conveyor through a ball screening device and are conveyed to an air cooling area for precooling through an automatic guide rail, the average speed of the guide rail at the working section is controlled through PID, the average speed of the guide rail is 5.5m/min, the guide rail reaches a preset quenching temperature, the quenching temperature is 820 ℃, then the rolled balls are rolled into a groove of a double-helix stirring machine in a quenching tank through a slope, the rolling balls advance along with the rotation of a rotating machine and are quenched and cooled, a quenching medium adopts water, the water temperature control range in the quenching process is 30-40 ℃, the rolling balls advance along with the rotation of the double-helix stirring machine and are quenched and cooled, and the ball temperature after quenching is 120-125 ℃.
The quenched steel ball enters an automatic belt and enters an annealing furnace along with the automatic belt to be subjected to primary tempering and secondary tempering, wherein the primary tempering temperature is 210 ℃, the tempering time is 6 hours, the secondary tempering temperature is 170 ℃, and the tempering time is 3 hours.
The physical and chemical properties of the microalloyed wear-resistant ball are detected as follows: the obtained microalloyed wear-resistant spherical ball is longitudinally split through the spherical center, the sample is taken along the core area, the Rockwell hardness detection is carried out on the central part of the sample, the position of one fourth of the drawing strip radius, the position of one half of the drawing strip radius, the part of three fourths of the drawing strip radius, the surface position and other areas, and the obtained hardness values are respectively: HRCCore part＝53，HRCr/4＝60.5，HRCr/2＝61.5HRC3r/4＝62.5，HRCSurface of63. Meanwhile, a normal-temperature notch-free pendulum impact test is carried out on the sample to obtain the impact energy Ak＝24J/cm2. Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A microalloyed wear-resistant ball is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
C：0.75-0.85%；
Si：0.15-0.35%；
Mn：0.65-0.75%；
Cr：0.4-0.5%；
B：0.05-0.1%；
N：0.01-0.05%；
Mg：0.01-0.15%；
Ca：0.05-0.15%；
S≤0.010%；
P≤0.015%；
the balance being Fe;
the preparation method of the microalloyed wear-resistant ball comprises the following steps:
step 1, smelting according to a ratio to obtain microalloyed wear-resistant ball steel with qualified components, and obtaining an alloy steel bar through continuous casting and rolling;
step 2, the alloy steel bar enters an induction heating device through an automatic slide rail to be heated, the average speed of the automatic slide rail is controlled by PID through temperature measurement feedback of an infrared temperature measuring device, so that the temperature of the alloy steel bar after induction heating meets the rolling temperature requirement, and the alloy steel bar in a red hot state is obtained;
step 3, feeding the alloy steel bar in the red hot state into a steel ball rolling mill through a roller way for hot rolling, and enabling the alloy steel bar to rotate and advance through rollers with spiral holes and to be continuously rolled into hot-rolled steel balls; the hot-rolled steel balls are conveyed to a ball screening device by a conveyor, and the ball screening device removes the hot-rolled steel balls with unqualified external dimensions;
step 4, quenching: the qualified hot-rolled steel balls are rolled into a conveyor through a ball sieving device and are conveyed to an air cooling area for precooling through an automatic guide rail, and the running average speed of the guide rail in the air cooling area is regulated and controlled to ensure that the hot-rolled steel balls reach the preset quenching temperature in the air cooling area; the hot-rolled steel balls roll into a double-spiral stirrer groove in a quenching tank through a slope, and rotate with a rotating machine to advance while quenching and cooling;
step 5, tempering: and the quenched steel ball enters an automatic belt and enters an annealing furnace along with the automatic belt to carry out primary tempering and secondary tempering treatment, so as to prepare the microalloyed wear-resistant ball.
2. The microalloyed wear-resistant ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smelting in the step 1 comprises the following steps of refining by an electric furnace/converter + L F and vacuum degassing, wherein the external tapping temperature of the electric furnace/converter is 1600-.
3. The microalloyed wear resistant ball according to claim 1, wherein the average speed of the sliding rail in step 2 is: 3m/min-4m/min, and the temperature of the alloy steel bar after induction heating is 850-870 ℃.
4. The microalloyed wear-resistant ball as defined in claim 1, wherein the hot rolling temperature in step 3 is 840-860 ℃, the rotating speed range of the roller is 50-65 rpm, and the diameter of the roller is phi 300 mm-phi 350 mm.
5. The microalloyed wear-resistant ball according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 guide rail average speed is 5m/min-6m/min, and the quenching temperature is 800-.
6. The microalloyed wear-resistant ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein the quenching medium in step 4 is a water-soluble quenching medium, the temperature of the quenching medium is 30-50 ℃, the rotating machine rotates and advances while quenching and cooling, and the ball temperature after quenching is 115 ℃ and 135 ℃.
7. The microalloyed wear-resistant ball according to claim 1, wherein the primary tempering temperature in step 5 is 170-220 ℃, and the tempering time is 5-6 hours; the secondary tempering temperature is 150-170 ℃, and the tempering time is 3-4 hours.
8. A system for making a microalloyed wear resistant ball as in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: a smelting device, a continuous casting and rolling device, an induction heating device, a steel ball rolling mill, a ball screening device and a heat treatment device which are connected in sequence.
9. The system for preparing the microalloyed wear-resistant ball according to claim 8, wherein an infrared temperature measuring device is arranged at the tail end of a reaction heating section of the induction heating device, and the heat treatment device comprises an air cooling area, a quenching tank, a primary tempering furnace and a secondary tempering furnace which are sequentially arranged.
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| CN110788133B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-01-12 | 北京科技大学 | Small-diameter metal wire warm skew rolling production device |
| CN112877583B (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2023-10-03 | 西格马(河南)高温科技集团有限公司 | Production system and production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel ball |
| CN114292986B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2023-09-08 | 郭金福 | Temperature-control tempering container for wear-resistant steel balls |
| CN115976427B (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2024-04-12 | 铜陵有色金神耐磨材料有限责任公司 | Corrosion-resistant high-wear-resistant large-size forged steel ball for semi-autogenous mill and manufacturing method |
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| CN1107122C (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2003-04-30 | 济南济钢设计院 | Austenic-bainite Malleable steel and its preparation |
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