CN108582792B - 一种用于fdm打印挤出料惯性补偿的方法 - Google Patents

一种用于fdm打印挤出料惯性补偿的方法 Download PDF

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CN108582792B
CN108582792B CN201810257286.XA CN201810257286A CN108582792B CN 108582792 B CN108582792 B CN 108582792B CN 201810257286 A CN201810257286 A CN 201810257286A CN 108582792 B CN108582792 B CN 108582792B
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马睿
虎成
黄部东
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Kocel Intelligent Machinery Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

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Abstract

本发明涉及FDM打印技术领域内一种用于FDM打印挤出料惯性补偿的方法,其特征在于,在打印头打印至转弯点前一点D1至转弯点D2的打印路径中,将打印路径长度分为打印距离L1和预留距离L2,使L=L1+L2,将L1段的挤出量设为A1=(a2‑a1)*L1/L,将L2段的挤出量设定为0,其中,L为D1点到D2点的打印路径的直线长度L

Description

一种用于FDM打印挤出料惯性补偿的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及FDM打印技术领域,特别涉及一种用于FDM打印挤出料惯性补偿的G代码编制方法。
背景技术
熔融沉积技术(FDM)是将材料加热熔化成液态,通过打印头挤出后固化,最后在立体空间排列成立体实物。其原理是热熔性材料的温度始终稍高于固化温度,而成型部分的温度稍低于固化温度,就能保证热熔性材料挤出喷嘴后,随即与前一层面熔结在一起。工作过程是一个层面沉积完成后,工作台按预定的增量下降一个层的厚度,再继续熔喷沉积,直至完成整个实体造型。
FDM打印材料一般为丝状或者颗粒状材料,由于材料的固有属性——热熔后具有粘性和流动性,在打印的过程中,进给速度和挤出速度是完全成正比的,当遇到拐弯处(直角或者圆角)的时候,进给速度忽然降低,挤出速度也降低,但是由于材料流动的惯性,在进给轴停止运动的时候材料的进给并未停止,则会导致拐弯处的堆积。而在空运行时由于材料流动的惯性,材料从挤出头不停的流出,待到下一个打印点的时候则会搭接在前一层,在下一层打印的时候由于此搭接则会造成孔洞。FDM的打印头越大,堆积和孔洞的现象则会越明显。由于此技术属于新兴技术,目前市面上尚无很好的解决办法。
现有的工业级FDM打印机在打印产品时,使用专用的切片软件处理模型,生成打印G代码,然后将生成的G代码导入机械设备,使打印路径及熔融挤出量按照G代码设定的标准进行打印。以某产品的一层打印为例,现有的软件处理后得到的G代码为:
G01 Z-2.5000 F6000 (1.1)
(说明:将Z值提升至-2.5mm,提升速度为6000mm/min)
G01 F4500 (1.2)
(说明:速度更改为4500mm/min)
G01 X306.5000 Y13.5000 A-14.6251 (1.3)
(说明:按照4500mm/min的速度运行至坐标点X306.5000 Y13.5000,挤出量为(A-14.6251)-前序挤出量(也就是前一段连续打印的挤出量),另外,此挤出量为累计的出料量相对值。)
G01 X13.5000 Y13.5000 A-17.1289 (1.4)
(说明:按照4500mm/min的速度运行至坐标点X13.5000 Y13.5000,挤出量为(A-17.1289)- (A-14.6251))
G01 X13.5000 Y306.5000 A-19.6327 (1.5)
(说明:按照4500mm/min的速度运行至坐标点X13.5000 Y306.5000,挤出量为(A-19.6327)- (A-17.1289))
G01 X306.5000 Y306.5000 A-22.1365 (1.6)
(说明:按照4500mm/min的速度运行至坐标点X306.5000 Y306.5000,挤出量为(A-22.1365)- (A-19.6327))
其中,X—x轴方向的坐标值;Y—y轴方向的坐标值;Z—z轴方向的坐标值;A—挤出量 ;F—挤出速度。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中FDM挤出打印至转弯处出料易堆积引起孔洞的问题,提出一种用于FDM打印挤出料惯性补偿的G代码编制方法,在打印路径运行至转折点前预留一定距离停止打印头挤出,随着惯性的流动完成剩余部分的打印,减少挤出量,以避免拐角或者空运行时候漏料的加剧,提高外观质量。
本发明的目的是这样实现的,一种用于FDM打印挤出料惯性补偿的方法,在打印头 打印至转弯点前一点D1至转弯点D2的打印路径中,将打印路径长度分为打印距离L1和预留 距离L2,使L=L1+L2,将L1段的挤出量设置为A1= (a2-a1)*L1/ L,将L2段的挤出量设定为0, 其中,L为D1点到D2点的打印路径的直线长度L
Figure 230618DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
,a1为打印至D1 点的挤出量,a2为打印至D2的挤出量,D1点和D2点的原G代码为:
G01 Xx1 Yy1 Aa1
G01 Xx2 Yy2 A a2
本发明的方法中,通过控制拐角或转弯点前一段的打印头出料挤出量,在拐角或转弯点前,设置一段挤出量为零的预留段,以补偿挤出料停止出料后的惯性出料,达到惯性补偿的目的,从而避免FDM打印中在拐角处或者空运转时会造成材料因惯性出料而造成的堆积或者孔洞的问题,最终提高打印产品的质量和合格率。
为进一步实现上述打印过程,准确控制打印过程中打印头的出料挤出量,打印头的打印路径和出料量的控制具体通过改编G代码程序实现,所述打印距离L1和预留距离L2的G代码为:
G01 Xx1 Yy1 Aa1
G01 Xxm Yym A1
G01 Xx2 Yy2 A1
其中,坐标(xm, ym)为从D点沿打印路径打印L1距离后的坐标值。本方法中,通过对打印的G代码程序的改编,对拐角或转弯前一段的打印G代码程序中的挤出量和打印坐标重新设置以控制打印路径和挤出量,使打印头按预先设置的挤出量和路径进行打印,达到达打印头出料量惯性补偿的目的。
作为本发明的进一步改进,为使本发明的方法适应不同的产品和不同打印路径中,所述预留距离L2根据L值的大小按如下方法取值:
L≥500mm时,预留距离为30mm;
500mm>L≥200mm时,预留距离为20mm;
200mm>L≥100mm时,预留距离为10%* L;
100mm>L≥40mm时,预留距离为5%* L;
L<40mm时,预留距离0。
具体实施方式
下面以背景技术中的FDM打印的原G代码程序为例详细说明本发明的具体实施方法。
改编前的G代码为:
G01 Z-2.5000 F6000 (1.1)
(说明:将Z值提升至-2.5mm,提升速度为6000mm/min)
G01 F4500 (1.2)
(说明:速度更改为4500mm/min)
G01 X306.5000 Y13.5000 A-14.6251 (1.3)
(说明:按照4500mm/min的速度运行至坐标点X306.5000 Y13.5000,挤出量为(A-14.6251)-前序挤出量(也就是前一段连续打印的挤出量),另外,此挤出量为累计的出料量相对值。)
G01 X13.5000 Y13.5000 A-17.1289 (1.4)
(说明:按照4500mm/min的速度运行至坐标点X13.5000 Y13.5000,挤出量为(A-17.1289)- (A-14.6251))
G01 X13.5000 Y306.5000 A-19.6327 (1.5)
(说明:按照4500mm/min的速度运行至坐标点X13.5000 Y306.5000,挤出量为(A-19.6327)- (A-17.1289))
G01 X306.5000 Y306.5000 A-22.1365 (1.6)
(说明:按照4500mm/min的速度运行至坐标点X306.5000 Y306.5000,挤出量为(A-22.1365)- (A-19.6327))。
按本发明的方法改编的G代码程序时,(1.3)句程序运行的长度距离为293mm,将此语句分为两段(2.3)和(2.4),长度距离分别按打印距离273mm和预留距离20mm,在(2.3)语句中机床运行273mm,同时将挤出量更改为273/293*14.6251=13.6267,在(2.4)语句中机床挤出轴停止转动,随着熔体的惯性进行填充;
G01 Z-2.5000 F6000 (2.1)
(说明:将Z值提升至-2.5mm,提升速度为6000mm/min)
G01 F4500 (2.2)
(说明:速度更改为4500mm/min)
G01 X306.5000 Y33.5000 A-13.6267 (2.3)
G01 X306.5000 Y13.5000 A-13.6267 (2.4)
(说明:将语句(1.3)更改为(2.3)和(2.4),程序运行总长293mm,将其按照需求比例分为273mm和20mm,其中(2.3)完成273mm的运行,挤出量为(A-13.6267)-前序挤出量(未给出),(2.4)完成剩余的20mm的运行,但此时挤出量为(A-13.6267)-(A-13.6267)=0,完全不挤出,依靠惯性完成)
G01 X33.5000 Y13.5000 A-16.4385 (2.5)
G01 X13.5000 Y13.5000 A-16.4385 (2.6)
(说明:将语句(1.4)更改为(2.5)和(2.6),程序运行总长293mm,将其按照需求比例分为273mm和20mm,其中(2.5)完成273mm的运行,挤出量为(A-16.4385)-(A-13.6267),(2.6)完成剩余的20mm的运行,但此时挤出量为(A-16.4385)-(A-16.4385)=0,完全不挤出,依靠惯性完成)
G01 X13.5000 Y286.5000 A-18.9227 (2.7)
G01 X13.5000 Y306.5000 A-18.9227 (2.8)
(说明:与前述理论相同)
G01 X286.5000 Y306.5000 A-20.8536 (2.9)
G01 X306.5000 Y306.5000 A-20.8536 (2.10)
(说明:与前述理论相同)。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于FDM打印挤出料惯性补偿的方法,其特征在于,在打印头打印至转弯点前一 点D1至转弯点D2的打印路径中,将打印路径长度分为打印距离L1和预留距离L2,使L=L1+ L2,将L1段的挤出量设为A1= (a2-a1)*L1/ L,将L2段的挤出量设定为0,其中,L为D1点到D2 点的打印路径的直线长度L
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
,a1为打印至D1点的挤出 量,a2为打印至D2的挤出量,D1点和D2点的原G代码为:
G01 Xx1 Yy1 Aa1
G01 Xx2 Yy2 Aa2 。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于FDM打印挤出料惯性补偿的方法,其特征在于,所述打印距离L1和预留距离L2的G代码为:
G01 Xx1 Yy1 Aa1
G01 Xxm Yym A1
G01 Xx2 Yy2 A1
其中,坐标(xm, ym)为从D点沿打印路径打印L1距离后的坐标值。
3.根据权利要求1所述用于FDM打印挤出料惯性补偿的方法,其特征在于,所述预留距离L2根据L值的大小按如下方法取值:
L≥500mm时,预留距离为30mm;
500mm>L≥200mm时,预留距离为20mm;
200mm>L≥100mm时,预留距离为10%*L;
100mm>L≥40mm时,预留距离为5%*L;
L<40mm时,预留距离0。
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