CN108571923B - A device for measuring the diameter of a large cylinder - Google Patents
A device for measuring the diameter of a large cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN108571923B CN108571923B CN201810413654.5A CN201810413654A CN108571923B CN 108571923 B CN108571923 B CN 108571923B CN 201810413654 A CN201810413654 A CN 201810413654A CN 108571923 B CN108571923 B CN 108571923B
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- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters
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Abstract
一种测量大圆柱直径的装置涉及直径测量，一个平面部件有一个贯穿上表面和下表面的长方形通孔，平面部件左端下表面固定两个小圆柱，两个小圆柱中心的连线被长方形通孔的中轴线垂直平分；一个游标卡尺主尺的左侧下表面固定左侧测量爪，游标下表面固定右侧的测量爪，右侧测量爪靠拢左侧测量爪，此时的读数为0；两个测量爪位于长方形通孔内，主尺在平面部件的长方形通孔滑动，滑动过程中，主尺的中轴线与长方形通孔的中轴线重合，游标在主尺的滑槽中滑动；左侧测量爪右侧面和右侧测量爪左侧面相互平行并垂直于长方形通孔的中轴线；左侧测量爪中心和右侧测量爪中心的连线能够与长方形通孔的中轴线重合。能够测量直径大于8cm的圆柱的外径。
A device for measuring the diameter of a large cylinder involves diameter measurement. A plane part has a rectangular through hole that runs through the upper surface and the lower surface. Two small cylinders are fixed on the lower surface of the left end of the plane part. The central axis of the hole is vertically bisected; the left lower surface of the main ruler of a vernier caliper is fixed to the left measuring claw, the lower surface of the vernier is fixed to the right measuring claw, and the right measuring claw is close to the left measuring claw, and the reading at this time is 0; The first measuring claw is located in the rectangular through hole, and the main ruler slides in the rectangular through hole of the plane part. During the sliding process, the central axis of the main ruler coincides with the central axis of the rectangular through hole, and the vernier slides in the chute of the main ruler; The right side of the measuring claw and the left side of the right measuring claw are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the central axis of the rectangular through hole; the connecting line between the center of the left measuring claw and the center of the right measuring claw can coincide with the central axis of the rectangular through hole. Capable of measuring the outer diameter of cylinders with a diameter greater than 8cm.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及直径测量，特别是大圆柱直径或者大圆筒外径的测量。The invention relates to diameter measurement, especially the measurement of the diameter of a large cylinder or the outer diameter of a large cylinder.
背景技术Background technique
游标卡尺常用于外径的测量，由于游标卡尺的外径测量爪的高度的限制，不能够测量大于测量爪2倍高度的外径。大多数的游标卡尺的测量爪的高度为4cm，因此在测量外径为8cm的圆柱体直径或者外径大于8cm圆筒的外径就存在困难。The vernier caliper is often used to measure the outer diameter. Due to the limitation of the height of the outer diameter measuring claw of the vernier caliper, it cannot measure the outer diameter larger than twice the height of the measuring claw. The height of the measuring jaws of most vernier calipers is 4cm, so it is difficult to measure the diameter of a cylinder with an outer diameter of 8cm or a cylinder with an outer diameter greater than 8cm.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为准确测量外径大于8cm的圆柱或者圆筒的外部直径，本发明设计一种测量大圆柱直径的装置。In order to accurately measure the outer diameter of a cylinder or cylinder with an outer diameter greater than 8cm, the present invention designs a device for measuring the diameter of a large cylinder.
本发明实现发明目的采用的技术方案是：一种测量大圆柱直径的装置，大圆柱是指直径大于7cm的圆柱，包括一个定位通孔和游标卡尺，其特征是：一个平面部件的上表面和下表面相互平行，一个平面部件有一个贯穿上表面和下表面的长方形通孔，长方形通孔的四个侧面都垂直于平面部件的上表面；平面部件左端的下表面固定两个小圆柱，两个小圆柱的中心的连线被长方形通孔的中轴线垂直平分；一个游标卡尺的主尺的左侧下表面固定左侧测量爪，游标下表面固定右侧的测量爪，右侧测量爪靠拢左侧测量爪，此时的读数为0；两个测量爪位于长方形通孔内，主尺在平面部件的长方形通孔滑动，滑动过程中，主尺的中轴线与长方形通孔的中轴线重合，游标在主尺的滑槽中滑动；左侧测量爪右侧面和右侧测量爪左侧面相互平行并垂直于长方形通孔的中轴线；左侧测量爪中心和右侧测量爪中心的连线与长方形通孔的中轴线重合，即左侧测量爪的中轴线和右侧测量爪中轴线形成的平面垂直于平面部件上表面且通过长方形通孔的中轴线；左侧测量爪接触大圆柱的左端外侧面，同时两个小圆柱都接触大圆柱左端的外侧面，右侧测量爪接触大圆柱右端的外侧面，左侧测量爪和右侧测量爪之间的距离为大圆柱的直径。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to realize the purpose of the invention is: a device for measuring the diameter of a large cylinder. The large cylinder refers to a cylinder with a diameter greater than 7cm, including a positioning through hole and a vernier caliper. It is characterized in that: the upper surface and the lower surface of a plane part The surfaces are parallel to each other. A planar part has a rectangular through hole that runs through the upper surface and the lower surface. The four sides of the rectangular through hole are all perpendicular to the upper surface of the planar part; The connecting line of the center of the small cylinder is vertically bisected by the central axis of the rectangular through hole; the left lower surface of the main scale of a vernier caliper is fixed to the left measuring claw, the lower surface of the vernier is fixed to the right measuring claw, and the right measuring claw is close to the left Measuring claws, the reading at this time is 0; the two measuring claws are located in the rectangular through hole, the main ruler slides in the rectangular through hole of the plane part, during the sliding process, the central axis of the main ruler coincides with the central axis of the rectangular through hole, and the vernier Slide in the chute of the main ruler; the right side of the left measuring claw and the left side of the right measuring claw are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the central axis of the rectangular through hole; the connecting line between the center of the left measuring claw and the center of the right measuring claw It coincides with the central axis of the rectangular through hole, that is, the plane formed by the central axis of the left measuring claw and the central axis of the right measuring claw is perpendicular to the upper surface of the plane part and passes through the central axis of the rectangular through hole; the left measuring claw touches the center axis of the large cylinder The outer surface of the left end, while the two small cylinders all contact the outer surface of the left end of the large cylinder, the right measuring claw contacts the outer surface of the right end of the large cylinder, and the distance between the left measuring claw and the right measuring claw is the diameter of the large cylinder.
两个小圆柱中心之间的连线的长度为4-6cm。长方形通孔内侧左端面到两个小圆柱中心连线的距离大于2.0cm+d，其中d为游标卡尺左侧测量爪左右方向的宽度。The length of the connecting line between the centers of the two small cylinders is 4-6cm. The distance from the inner left end surface of the rectangular through hole to the line connecting the centers of the two small cylinders is greater than 2.0cm+d, where d is the width in the left and right direction of the measuring claw on the left side of the vernier caliper.
游标卡尺简化为：长方形通孔的一侧标记主尺刻度，两个小圆柱与平面部件下表面接触形成的两个圆，两个圆的中心的连线与主尺的零刻度重合；有两个游标，称为左侧游标和右侧游标，两个游标嵌入长方形通孔部分（游标的下端）的宽度等于(基本上相等)长方形通孔的宽度，左侧游标接触大圆柱左侧的外表面，右侧游标接触大圆柱右侧外表面，两个游标对应的读数相加就是大圆柱的直径。The vernier caliper is simplified as: one side of the rectangular through hole marks the scale of the main scale, two circles formed by two small cylinders contacting the lower surface of the plane part, and the line connecting the centers of the two circles coincides with the zero scale of the main scale; there are two The cursors are called the left cursor and the right cursor. The width of the two cursors embedded in the rectangular through hole part (the lower end of the cursor) is equal to (substantially equal) the width of the rectangular through hole. The left cursor touches the outer surface of the left side of the large cylinder , the right cursor touches the right outer surface of the large cylinder, and the sum of the readings corresponding to the two cursors is the diameter of the large cylinder.
与现有技术一致，比如现有技术游标卡尺的游标能够滑动一定存在一定缝隙，只是该缝隙越小越好，比如0.01-0.02mm，对于缝隙的影响：假设缝隙为x，精度0.02mm的游标刻度的长度为49mm，游标本身的长度大于49mm，为便于估计假定为50mm，缝隙就是使游标倾斜：一端接触主尺、一端偏离主尺，相当于三角形的斜边、缝隙相当于三角形的高，其对应的测量为斜边在主尺上的投影（502-x2）0.5，则缝隙带来的偏差为50-（502-x2）0.5，假定该偏差为50-（502-x2）0.5=0.02mm，则x=1.4mm，一般不需要这么大的缝隙，其实缝隙在0.1mm足够轻松滑动，现有技术缝隙做到0.01mm也是可能的。0.1mm带来的偏差为： 50-（502-0.12）0.5=0.0001mm，远远小于游标卡尺的测量精度，因此，在现有技术下，能够避免缝隙对测量精度的影响。Consistent with the existing technology, for example, the vernier caliper of the prior art can slide and there must be a certain gap, but the smaller the gap, the better, such as 0.01-0.02mm, the impact on the gap: assuming the gap is x, the vernier scale with an accuracy of 0.02mm The length of the vernier itself is 49mm, and the length of the vernier itself is greater than 49mm. For the convenience of estimation, it is assumed to be 50mm. The gap is to make the vernier tilt: one end touches the main ruler, and the other end deviates from the main ruler, which is equivalent to the hypotenuse of the triangle, and the gap is equivalent to the height of the triangle. The corresponding measurement is the projection of the hypotenuse on the main ruler (50 2 -x 2 ) 0.5 , then the deviation caused by the gap is 50-(50 2 -x 2 ) 0.5 , assuming that the deviation is 50-(50 2 -x 2 ) 0.5 =0.02mm, then x=1.4mm. Generally, such a large gap is not needed. In fact, a gap of 0.1mm is enough to slide easily. It is also possible to achieve a gap of 0.01mm in the existing technology. The deviation brought by 0.1mm is: 50-(50 2 -0.1 2 ) 0.5 =0.0001mm, which is much smaller than the measurement accuracy of the vernier caliper. Therefore, under the existing technology, the influence of the gap on the measurement accuracy can be avoided.
本发明的有益效果是：在理论上圆面的弦长的垂直平分线位于圆的直径方向，因此本发明采用长方形通孔的中轴线垂直平分两个小圆柱的连线，实现对游标卡尺的外径测量爪的定向在圆柱上表面所在圆的直径方向上移动，从而测定圆柱上表面所在圆的直径，圆柱上表面所在圆的直径也就是圆柱的直径；对于直径小于7cm的圆柱，普通游标卡尺已经能够测量。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: in theory the perpendicular bisector of the chord length of the circular surface is located in the diameter direction of the circle, so the present invention adopts the central axis of the rectangular through hole to vertically bisect the connecting line of the two small cylinders, so as to realize the external adjustment of the vernier caliper. The orientation of the diameter measuring claw moves on the diameter direction of the circle where the upper surface of the cylinder is located, thereby measuring the diameter of the circle where the upper surface of the cylinder is located, and the diameter of the circle where the upper surface of the cylinder is located is also the diameter of the cylinder; for cylinders with a diameter less than 7cm, ordinary vernier calipers have been able to measure.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是平面部件上表面示意图；图2是平面部件下表面示意图；图3是游标卡尺示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the upper surface of a plane component; Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lower surface of a plane component; Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a vernier caliper;
其中，d、游标卡尺左测量爪的宽度，1、平面部件，2、上表面，3、下表面，4、小圆柱，5、测量爪，6、主尺，7、游标，8、通孔。Among them, d, the width of the left measuring claw of the vernier caliper, 1, the plane part, 2, the upper surface, 3, the lower surface, 4, the small cylinder, 5, the measuring claw, 6, the main ruler, 7, the vernier, 8, the through hole.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
一般的游标卡尺测量爪5的高度为4cm，两个测量爪5能够卡住8cm以下的直径，即能够测量直径8cm以下的圆柱直径，对于直径大于8cm的圆柱就无法卡住；如果测量爪5的高度方向与圆柱的轴线方向平行，则大多数测到的是圆柱上表面所在圆的弦长，很难准确测量大圆柱直径的大小。为了与现有游标卡尺的直径测量范围有效对接，本发明的方法向下覆盖7-8cm的直径范围，因此大圆柱是指直径大于7cm的圆柱，本发明能够测量直径7cm以上圆柱的直径，其上限受到游标卡尺量程的约束，即上限为游标卡尺的测量上限（外径测量量程的上限）。一个平面部件1有一个贯穿上表面2和下表面3的长方形通孔8，平面部件1左端的下表面3固定两个小圆柱4，两个小圆柱4的中心的连线被长方形通孔8的中轴线垂直平分；一个游标卡尺的主尺6的左侧下表面固定左侧测量爪5，游标7下表面固定右侧的测量爪5，右侧测量爪5靠拢左侧测量爪5，此时的读数为0（不为0，则记为零差）；两个测量爪5位于长方形通孔8内，主尺在平面部件1的长方形通孔8滑动，滑动过程中，主尺6的中轴线与长方形通孔8的中轴线重合（实现的方式很多，比如主尺6为一个长方形平板，中间有一个通孔嵌套游标，长方形平板主尺在平面部件1的长方形通孔8侧面的滑槽中滑动，即长方形通孔的四个侧面的竖直方向中位线都有一个凹槽，图1前后方向凹槽的深度和长方形通孔的宽度之和等于长方形平板主尺的宽度，为匹配和安装方便，长方形通孔8的右端为可拆卸结构，即拆开长方形通孔8的右端、装入主尺、再固定右端），游标7在主尺6的滑槽中滑动（建议主尺有通孔，游标上表面位于通孔上方，即上表面的宽度大于主尺通孔的宽度，游标下表面的两侧切除部分，形成下表面的中间凸出，凸出部分的宽度等于主尺通孔的宽度）；左侧测量爪5右侧面和右侧测量爪5左侧面相互平行并垂直于长方形通孔8的中轴线；左侧测量爪5中心和右侧测量爪5中心的连线能够与长方形通孔8的中轴线重合，即左侧测量爪5的中轴线和右侧测量爪5中轴线（相互平行）形成的平面垂直于平面部件1上表面且通过长方形通孔8的中轴线；左侧的测量爪5接触大圆柱的左端外侧面，同时两个小圆柱4都接触大圆柱左端的外侧面（两个小圆柱4位于主尺圆柱表面的接触点之间的连线，为大圆柱上端圆面的一条弦长，由于对称性，两个小圆柱接触点之间的连线平行于两个小圆柱中心的连线，该弦长所在的直线平行于两个小圆柱的中心间的连线，也就是说该弦长被长方形通孔8的中轴线平分，长方形通孔8中轴线也就是大圆柱上端表面所在圆的直径方向），右侧的测量爪5接触大圆柱右端的外侧面，左侧测量爪5和右侧测量爪5之间的距离为大圆柱的直径。The height of the general vernier caliper measuring claw 5 is 4cm, and the two measuring claws 5 can block the diameter below 8cm, that is, the diameter of the cylinder below 8cm can be measured, and the cylinder with a diameter greater than 8cm cannot be blocked; if the measuring claw 5 If the height direction is parallel to the axis direction of the cylinder, most of the measurements are the chord length of the circle where the upper surface of the cylinder is located, and it is difficult to accurately measure the diameter of the large cylinder. In order to effectively dock with the diameter measurement range of the existing vernier caliper, the method of the present invention covers the diameter range of 7-8cm downwards, so a large cylinder refers to a cylinder with a diameter greater than 7cm, and the present invention can measure the diameter of a cylinder with a diameter of 7cm or more, and its upper limit Constrained by the range of the vernier caliper, that is, the upper limit is the measurement upper limit of the vernier caliper (the upper limit of the outer diameter measurement range). A planar part 1 has a rectangular through hole 8 that runs through the upper surface 2 and the lower surface 3, and the lower surface 3 of the left end of the planar part 1 fixes two small cylinders 4, and the connecting line of the centers of the two small cylinders 4 is covered by the rectangular through hole 8 The central axis of the vernier caliper is vertically bisected; the left side lower surface of the main ruler 6 of a vernier caliper fixes the left measuring claw 5, and the lower surface of the vernier 7 fixes the right measuring claw 5, and the right measuring claw 5 moves closer to the left measuring claw 5. The reading is 0 (if it is not 0, it is recorded as zero difference); the two measuring claws 5 are located in the rectangular through hole 8, and the main ruler slides in the rectangular through hole 8 of the plane part 1. During the sliding process, the center of the main ruler 6 The axis coincides with the central axis of the rectangular through hole 8 (there are many ways to realize, such as the main ruler 6 is a rectangular flat plate, a through hole nested vernier is arranged in the middle, and the rectangular flat main ruler slides on the side of the rectangular through hole 8 of the plane part 1 Sliding in the groove, that is, there is a groove on the vertical median line of the four sides of the rectangular through hole. The sum of the depth of the front and rear direction grooves in Figure 1 and the width of the rectangular through hole is equal to the width of the main ruler of the rectangular flat plate, which is Matching and installation are convenient, the right end of the rectangular through hole 8 is a detachable structure, that is, disassemble the right end of the rectangular through hole 8, put it into the main ruler, and then fix the right end), the vernier 7 slides in the chute of the main ruler 6 (it is recommended that the main ruler The ruler has a through hole, and the upper surface of the vernier is located above the through hole, that is, the width of the upper surface is greater than the width of the through hole of the main ruler. The two sides of the lower surface of the vernier are cut off to form a middle protrusion on the lower surface, and the width of the protrusion is equal to that of the main ruler. The width of the ruler through hole); the left side of the left measuring claw 5 and the left side of the right measuring claw 5 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the central axis of the rectangular through hole 8; the center of the left measuring claw 5 and the center of the right measuring claw 5 The connecting line can coincide with the central axis of the rectangular through hole 8, that is, the plane formed by the central axis of the left measuring claw 5 and the central axis of the right measuring claw 5 (parallel to each other) is perpendicular to the upper surface of the planar component 1 and passes through the rectangular through hole The central axis of 8; the measuring jaw 5 on the left side contacts the outer surface of the left end of the large cylinder, while the two small cylinders 4 all contact the outer surface of the left end of the large cylinder (the two small cylinders 4 are located between the contact points on the cylindrical surface of the main scale The connection line is a chord length of the upper circular surface of the large cylinder. Due to symmetry, the connection line between the contact points of the two small cylinders is parallel to the connection line between the centers of the two small cylinders, and the line where the chord length is located is parallel to the two The connecting line between the centers of the small cylinders, that is to say, the chord length is bisected by the central axis of the rectangular through hole 8, the central axis of the rectangular through hole 8 is also the diameter direction of the circle where the upper surface of the large cylinder is located), the measuring claw 5 on the right Contact the outer surface of the right end of the large cylinder, the distance between the left measuring claw 5 and the right measuring claw 5 is the diameter of the large cylinder.
要能够接触大圆柱的外侧，则弦长应该小于直径，考虑本发明的测量范围在7cm以上，因此弦长（忽略小圆柱的直径大小，弦长近似为两个小圆柱中心之间的距离）应该小于7cm，如果弦长太小，在制作上也存在一定的难度（因为左侧测量爪要位于两个小圆柱之间，测量爪有一定的厚度，小圆柱本身有一定的直径；小圆柱太小，其强度也较低，固定也比较困难），因此建议两个小圆柱4中心之间的连线的长度为4-6cm。小圆柱4建议直径在5-8mm，小圆柱4有内螺纹，通过平面部件1的通孔和螺帽（有外螺纹）、螺纹固定在平面部件1的下表面、螺帽露在上表面。To be able to contact the outside of the large cylinder, the chord length should be smaller than the diameter, considering that the measurement range of the present invention is above 7cm, so the chord length (ignoring the diameter of the small cylinder, the chord length is approximately the distance between the centers of the two small cylinders) It should be less than 7cm. If the chord length is too small, it will be difficult to make (because the measuring claw on the left should be located between two small cylinders, the measuring claw has a certain thickness, and the small cylinder itself has a certain diameter; the small cylinder It is too small, its strength is also low, and it is difficult to fix), so it is recommended that the length of the line between the centers of the two small cylinders 4 be 4-6cm. The recommended diameter of the small cylinder 4 is 5-8mm. The small cylinder 4 has an internal thread, through the through hole of the plane part 1 and the nut (with external thread), the thread is fixed on the lower surface of the plane part 1, and the nut is exposed on the upper surface.
大圆柱上表面的任何一根弦长的中心到圆的边缘都存在一定的距离，在弦长一定的强狂下，直径越小、距离越大，在直径一定的情况下，弦长越长、距离越大，如果弦长为6cm（一半长度为3cm）、直径为7cm（半径为3.5cm），则该距离为（3.5*3.5-3*3）0.5=1.8cm，即大圆柱向两个小圆柱连线的左侧最大凸出高度为1.8cm，由于长方形通孔8内侧左端面平行于两个小圆柱4中心连线，因此建议长方形通孔8内侧左端面到两个小圆柱4中心连线的距离大于2.0cm+d，其中d为游标卡尺左测量爪5的宽度，这样确保游标卡尺的左测量爪5能够有足够的活动空间以接触到大圆柱左端外侧表面。There is a certain distance from the center of any chord length on the upper surface of the large cylinder to the edge of the circle. Under a certain chord length, the smaller the diameter, the greater the distance. Under the condition of a certain diameter, the longer the chord length , The greater the distance, if the chord length is 6cm (half length is 3cm) and the diameter is 7cm (radius is 3.5cm), then the distance is (3.5*3.5-3*3) 0.5 =1.8cm, that is, the large cylinder faces two The maximum protruding height on the left side of the line connecting the two small cylinders is 1.8cm. Since the left end surface of the inner side of the rectangular through hole 8 is parallel to the center line of the two small cylinders 4, it is recommended that the left end surface of the inner side of the rectangular through hole 8 reach the two small cylinders 4. The distance between the center lines is greater than 2.0cm+d, where d is the width of the left measuring claw 5 of the vernier caliper, so as to ensure that the left measuring claw 5 of the vernier caliper can have enough room to touch the outer surface of the left end of the large cylinder.
为了使装置更简化，游标卡尺的主尺的刻度能够标记在长方形通孔的一侧或者两侧，即长方形通孔的前后方向（图1）的其中一侧或者两侧有刻度，零刻度位于长方形通孔左右方向的中心或者向左侧偏移，比如零刻度距离长方形左侧端面的距离为2.0cm，最佳位置是零刻度与两个小圆柱中心的连线对齐，有两个游标，称为左侧游标和右侧游标，左侧游标接触大圆柱左侧的外表面，右侧游标接触大圆柱右侧外表面，两个游标对应的读数相加，就是大圆柱的直径。In order to simplify the device, the scale of the main ruler of the vernier caliper can be marked on one or both sides of the rectangular through hole, that is, there is a scale on one or both sides of the front and rear direction of the rectangular through hole (Figure 1), and the zero scale is located on the rectangular through hole. The center of the through hole in the left and right directions or offset to the left. For example, the distance between the zero scale and the left end face of the rectangle is 2.0cm. The best position is that the zero scale is aligned with the connecting line between the centers of the two small cylinders. They are the left cursor and the right cursor. The left cursor touches the left outer surface of the large cylinder, and the right cursor touches the right outer surface of the large cylinder. The sum of the readings corresponding to the two cursors is the diameter of the large cylinder.
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| CN101846486A (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2010-09-29 | 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 | Large circular arc radius measuring instrument and measuring method |
| CN202144164U (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2012-02-15 | 金华职业技术学院 | Straight ruler capable of measuring diameter |
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