CN108566721A - Linear accelerator and synchrotron - Google Patents
Linear accelerator and synchrotron Download PDFInfo
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- CN108566721A CN108566721A CN201810705624.1A CN201810705624A CN108566721A CN 108566721 A CN108566721 A CN 108566721A CN 201810705624 A CN201810705624 A CN 201810705624A CN 108566721 A CN108566721 A CN 108566721A
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/22—Details of linear accelerators, e.g. drift tubes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
- H05H13/04—Synchrotrons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/08—Arrangements for injecting particles into orbits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H9/00—Linear accelerators
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Abstract
A kind of linear accelerator, including：Accelerating cavity；Magnet chamber shell is located inside the accelerating cavity and is connect with the inner wall of the accelerating cavity；Inside the magnet chamber shell for the particle beams by core pipe, with at least three quadrupole electromagnets being connected in series with inside the magnet chamber shell, for being focused to the particle beams, at least three quadrupole electromagnet includes center through hole, and the core pipe passes through the center through hole.A kind of synchrotron, which is characterized in that the synchrotron is using above-mentioned linear accelerator as injector.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to particle accelerator related fields, and in particular, to a kind of linear accelerator and a kind of sync plus white
Device.
Background technology
Accelerator is a kind of device for making charged particle increase kinetic energy, can be used for atom nuclear tests, radioactive medical, radiation
Property chemistry, it is radioisotopic manufacture, non-destructive flaw detection etc..Current mainstream heavy ion proton precessional magnetometer is divided into three
Class is linear accelerator, cyclotron and synchrotron respectively.Linear accelerator and cyclotron are suitable for middle low energy
Proton and heavy ion, can be used for the fields such as material irradiation and the ion implantation of middle low energy；Synchrotron is suitable for higher energy
The proton and heavy ion of amount are typically used as cancer radiation or middle high energy material irradiation field.Cyclotron is tied due to itself
The limitation of structure, current transmission fraction are very low.Linear accelerator Injection and extraction itself is simple in structure, efficiency of transmission close to 100%, and
And it can speed up the strong very strong line of stream.Synchrotron is since its principle must have an injector, by line from several
KeV/u accelerates to the energy of several MeV/u, and linear accelerator can be as the injector of synchrotron.
Focus magnet is typically placed in except radio-frequency acceleration cavity in traditional linear accelerator, even if being placed in accelerating cavity
Portion is also to be packaged to single magnet.Focus magnet, which is placed on, is unfavorable for the compact of entire linear accelerator except accelerating cavity
Change, and the longitudinally matched difficulty of particle beam can be made to increase, it will usually sacrifice a part of accelerating ability to realize longitudinal of line
Match, so the accelerator of same energy can become more to lengthen, and the space meeting bigger that accelerator occupies, what is in addition newly increased adds
Fast chamber must be equipped with high frequency power source and Level Control System, to make the construction cost of entire accelerator can bigger.And it is single
The focus magnet of encapsulation is placed on the horizontal space matching for being unfavorable for particle beam inside accelerating cavity in linear accelerator.If
Using the focus magnet being individually encapsulated built in cavity, need to place very more focus magnets inside radio-frequency acceleration cavity
It disclosure satisfy that the requirement that particle beam laterally matches.The magnet of insertion can cause radio-frequency acceleration cavity capacitive load increased dramatically,
In this case, in order to reach same accelerating field, ten a few to tens of times will be increased to the power of radio-frequency acceleration cavity feed-in,
The construction cost of accelerator can be made to increased dramatically, in addition heating problem caused by high power can be such that the operation difficulty of accelerator adds
Greatly.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned problems, while it is necessary to propose that one kind can make line obtain accelerating inside radio-frequency acceleration cavity body
Realize the new accelerator structure of transverse focusing.
As one aspect of the present invention, it is proposed that a kind of linear accelerator, including：
Accelerating cavity；
Magnet chamber shell is located inside the accelerating cavity and is connect with the inner wall of the accelerating cavity；
Inside the magnet chamber shell for the particle beams by core pipe, and
At least three quadrupole electromagnets being connected in series with inside the magnet chamber shell, for being carried out to the particle beams
It focuses, at least three quadrupole electromagnet includes center through hole, and the core pipe passes through the center through hole.
In some embodiments, at least three quadrupole electromagnet include three quadrupole electromagnets, the adjacent magnet it
Between polarity it is opposite.
In some embodiments, it is also configured with regulating device and positioning device in the magnet chamber shell, for adjusting or locking
The position of fixed only three magnet.
In some embodiments, each magnet is each equipped with magnet coil, and the magnet coil is arranged to square-outside and round-inside
Structure.
In some embodiments, the magnet chamber shell is double-layer structure, is configured between two layers of the double-layer structure useful
In the water route of circulation cooling water.
In some embodiments, the linear accelerator further include support chamber shell, it is described support chamber shell one end with it is described
Magnet chamber shell connects, and the other end of the support chamber shell is connect with the inner wall of the accelerating cavity.
In some embodiments, which is characterized in that include water route and circuit, the support chamber shell inside the support chamber shell
In water route be connected to the water route in the magnet chamber shell and magnet coil, the magnet coil of the circuit and the magnet connects
It is logical.
In some embodiments, the support chamber shell includes conical portion and cylindrical part, the conical portion
It is connect with the magnet chamber shell, the cylindrical part is connect with the inner wall of the accelerating cavity.
In some embodiments, the support chamber shell is connect by mounting flange with the inner wall of the accelerating cavity, the peace
It includes high frequency sealing structure and vacuum seal structure to fill flange.
Another aspect provides a kind of synchrotrons, which is characterized in that the synchrotron is using upper
The linear accelerator stated is as injector.
Based on the above-mentioned technical proposal it is found that the present invention at least achieves one in following advantageous effect：
Linear accelerator and synchrotron provided by the invention can make linear accelerator become compacter in structure
And economy, line can be made to obtain realizing transverse focusing while acceleration inside radio-frequency acceleration cavity body, therefore can be obviously improved
With improve linear accelerator device draw middle low energy particle quality of beam, further can also improve using the linear accelerator as
The performance of the synchrotron of injector.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the part-structure schematic diagram according to the linear accelerator of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural diagrams according to the interdigital draft tube linac of the concrete instance of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, technical scheme of the present invention will be carried out below
Clearly and completely describe.Obviously, described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
Based on described the embodiment of the present invention, what those of ordinary skill in the art were obtained under the premise of without creative work
Every other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise defined, the technical term or scientific terminology that the present invention uses should be tool in fields of the present invention
There is the ordinary meaning that the personage of general technical ability is understood.
Fig. 1 is the part-structure schematic diagram according to the linear accelerator of one embodiment of the present of invention.As shown in Figure 1, institute
Stating linear accelerator includes：Accelerating cavity 14；Magnet chamber shell 2 is located at 14 inside of accelerating cavity and is connect with the inner wall of accelerating cavity 14；Position
Inside magnet chamber shell 2 for the particle beams by core pipe 5, and three inside magnet chamber shell 2 be connected in series with four
Pole magnet 1, for being focused to the particle beams.Three quadrupole electromagnets 1 include center through hole, and the core pipe 5 passes through center logical
Hole.The shapes such as rectangular, rectangular rounded corner, round or ellipse can be used in the cross section of accelerating cavity 14.Magnet chamber shell 2 can be used easily
In any proper shape with accelerating cavity assembly connection, such as can be used cylindrical or rectangular etc..Add although being shown in Fig. 1
It placed a magnet chamber shell 2 inside fast chamber 14, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and 14 inside of accelerating cavity as needed can be put
Multiple magnet chamber shells 2 are set, each magnet chamber shell 2 encapsulates three magnet.
By above structure, can make the linear accelerator relative to existing linear accelerator in structure it is compacter and
Economy, meanwhile, the high frequency performance and line transverse focusing ability of linear accelerating chamber are in addition taken into account, therefore can be obviously improved and carry
The middle low energy particle quality of beam that high linear accelerator device is drawn.
According to some embodiments, the linear accelerator is draft tube linac.Draft tube linac is to float
The high-frequency electric field generated between pipe electrode is moved to accelerate charged particle along beam direction of advance.
According to some embodiments, in three quadrupole electromagnets, the polarity between adjacent magnet is opposite.Quadrupole electromagnet
Including four symmetrical magnetic pole heads, N extremely corresponds to the poles S between adjacent quadrupole electromagnet, and S extremely corresponds to the poles N.In this application,
The quadrupole electromagnet 1 that three be mutually encapsulated into inside magnet chamber shell 2 are connected in series with is referred to as three-in-one quadrupole electromagnet.In order to make
Both horizontally and vertically the consistent ion beam current of upper phase-space distributions generates identical phase shift in the horizontal and vertical directions, at least
Need three quadrupole electromagnets.An independent quadrupole electromagnet can make symmetrical beam (horizontal vertical phase space is consistent) become asymmetric beam,
That is a direction focusing, another direction defocus so as to cause line by line envelope after the quadrupole electromagnet small one and large one.Two
Continuously opposite polarity quadrupole electromagnet also cannot achieve symmetrical beam matching to platform.So three-in-one quadrupole electromagnet focusing structure is not only
There is outstanding performance in principle, it is also more economical in cost.
The quadrupole electromagnet of existing separate unit encapsulation by its internal particle beams to that can only generate a horizontal direction (such as water
Square to) focusing, will produce the blooming effect unfavorable to beam transfer on another direction (such as vertical direction).This just leads
It causes to be required for installation quadrupole electromagnet inside the accelerating cavity on each drift tube, just can guarantee line in delivery acceleration process in this way
In be unlikely to dissipate and lose.The harm of this scheme includes：1, the very more magnet of necessary installation number inside accelerating cavity, separately
Outer every magnet must all be powered by individual DC power supply, this will greatly increase the construction cost of accelerator；2, each is floated
Pipe is moved since internal installation quadrupole electromagnet can greatly increase the high frequency power loss of accelerating cavity, to greatly increase accelerator
Operating cost can also increase the cooling difficulty of accelerating cavity simultaneously.Furthermore, the quadrupole magnetic encapsulated using a series of separate unit
Iron can make the particle beams be in asymmetric spatial distribution always in drift tube accelerating gap, in axisymmetric accelerating field
Coupling phenomenon is will produce, is increased so as to cause the equivalent emittance of line.
Separate unit quadrupole electromagnet generates that phase shift is different to beam level and in vertical direction, and use adjacent polarity it is opposite four
Pole magnet can generate line in the horizontal and vertical directions identical phase shift.Therefore, the radio-frequency acceleration cavity in the embodiment of the present invention
Built-in three-in-one quadrupole electromagnet structure can both horizontally and vertically focus particle beam simultaneously, so that line is adding
Always axial symmetry is in fast gap to be distributed, it can be to avoid the generation of coupling phenomenon in axisymmetric accelerating field.In addition
Using the focusing structure in the embodiment of the present invention, the phase shift both horizontally and vertically of line can be made sufficiently large, thus can
It avoids placing excessive focusing structure in accelerating cavity, to reduce the power of radio-frequency acceleration cavity loss.
According to some embodiments, it is also configured with regulating device and positioning device in the magnet chamber shell 2, for adjusting or locking
The position of fixed three magnet.For example, as shown in Figure 1, may include longitudinal adjusting mechanism 6, lateral adjustment 7 and magnet
Distance regulating mechanism 8.
Specifically, longitudinal adjusting mechanism 6 and lateral adjustment 7 are for the longitudinal register between magnet 1 and magnet chamber shell 2
Support and located lateral support, magnet distance regulating mechanism 8 are used for the control of concentricity and spacing between magnet 1.If for example, magnetic
The internal diameter of iron chamber shell 2 is consistent with the outer diameter of magnet 1, and magnet 1 and the lateral adjustment 7 of magnet chamber shell 2 can pass through the circle of magnet 1
The circumference profile of all profiles and magnet chamber shell 2, which is nested, to be realized；If the internal diameter of magnet chamber shell 2 is more than the outer diameter of magnet 1, laterally
Regulating mechanism 7 can be coordinated by the A types boss (scabbling tip) processed on V-groove on 2 internal layer of magnet chamber shell and 1 iron yoke of magnet
It realizes.The longitudinal adjusting mechanism 6 of end magnets 1 and magnet chamber shell 2 can be by 2 internal layer of magnet chamber shell hollow cylinder structure and end
The cylindrical structure processed on portion's magnet 1 is realized.Between magnet 1 each magnet is inserted into coaxially through the threaded cylindrical bar in four both ends
1 cylindrical hole realizes that the cylindrical sleeve of specific length is used for controlling the spacing of magnet 1, finally uses nut fixed cylinder bar
Both ends.The requirement on machining accuracy 0.02mm of magnet iron yoke structure, regulating device and positioning device by assembling process measure and
It corrects, magnet assembly precision (position comprising all magnet and spacing) is finally required to reach 0.05mm.
According to some embodiments, three magnet 1 is each equipped with magnet coil 4, and the magnet coil 4 can be set
For the structure of square-outside and round-inside, it can lead to cooling water while energization to realize and magnet coil is cooled down.
As shown in Figure 1, the magnet chamber shell 2 can be double-layer structure, configured between two layers of the double-layer structure useful
In the water route 3 of circulation cooling water, to take away the heat that electromagnetic field of high frequency generates on 2 outer surface of magnet chamber shell.Also, it need not occupy
Exceptional space in magnet chamber shell 2.
According to some embodiments, the linear accelerator further includes support chamber shell, supports one end and the magnet chamber shell 2 of chamber shell
Connection, the other end are connect with the inner wall of accelerating cavity 14.Preferably, as shown in Figure 1, support chamber shell includes conical portion 9 and circle
Cylindrical section 10, conical portion 9 are connect with magnet chamber shell 2, and cylindrical part 10 is connect with the inner wall of accelerating cavity 14.External water
Road 12 and 13 self-supporting chamber shell of external water/circuit introduce, and external water route 12 is connected to the water route 3 in magnet chamber shell 2, and external water/
Circuit 13 is connected to magnet coil 4.Preferably, support chamber shell is connect by mounting flange 11 with the inner wall of accelerating cavity 14, is installed
Flange 11 includes high frequency sealing structure and vacuum seal structure.
In the embodiment of the present invention, every quadrupole electromagnet 1 is required for being powered and logical cooling water, these water routes and circuit all need
The outside of 14 body of accelerating cavity is drawn out to from 2 shell of magnet chamber shell, this requires a channel, magnet in structure of the invention
The effect of support both may be implemented in the support construction of 2 shell of chamber shell, at the same time as the extraction channel in water route and circuit.Magnet wire
Circle 4 using square-outside and round-insides hollow structure oxygen-free copper materials, be powered while can be passed through deionized water to magnet coil 4 into
Row cooling.In order to utilize the space of 2 enclosure interior of magnet chamber shell, the iron yoke of quadrupole electromagnet 1 that can generally be accounted for laterally as far as possible
The space of full shell, such shell also serve as magnet located lateral.4 outlet of magnet coil can only be from the gap of adjacent magnets 1
It draws.The body diameter of shell support construction will cover the range in two adjacent magnets gaps in this way.But shell support construction
The excessive high frequency performance for being unfavorable for draft tube linac of diameter, so first being changed into major diameter using conical portion 9
Smaller diameter, then extend to the cylindrical part 10 of smaller diameter the shell of accelerating cavity 14, by mounting flange 11 with
14 body seal of accelerating cavity connects.
With the above arrangement, the power consumption of the radio-frequency acceleration cavity of draft tube linac can be very low, because it will not be apparent
Increase the capacitance between drift tube.Draft tube linac power consumption in this way is can be controlled within 100kW；By above-mentioned water cooling
After structure design, accelerator can be operated in continuous wave mode.Compared to other types power consumption 1MW or more drift tube linear accelerating
Device can only operate under the pulse mode of low duty ratio, the average particle line of draft tube linac using the present invention
Stream is so great that by force more.
In addition, can be entered simultaneously at it using high gradient (high magnetic field intensity) three-in-one quadrupole electromagnet is set in radio-frequency acceleration cavity body
Matching of the symmetrical beam to symmetrical beam is realized in mouth and exit.The particle beam consistent always of envelope both horizontally and vertically can be with
Referred to as symmetrical beam, it is also symmetrical always that symmetrical beam accelerates the electric field experienced in transmission process in axisymmetric electromagnetic field of high frequency
, the transport behavior of line can also keep this symmetry.If not using the present invention to the beam in draft tube linac
Stream carries out transverse focusing, and line can be only formed asymmetric envelope in accelerating gap, i.e. horizontal vertical envelope differs greatly, beam
The electric field for the axial symmetry that influenza is subject to can generate nonlinear force to asymmetrically distributed line, so that the product of line
Qualitative change is poor.
As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is interdigital (IH) the type draft tube linac according to the concrete instance of the present invention
Cross-section structure diagram.In accelerating cavity 14, with the high-frequency electric field that is generated between 15 electrode of drift tube to charged particle
Accelerated along beam direction of advance, and focal length is carried out in magnet chamber shell 2.
Therefore, above structure is applied to IH (interdigital H-type structure) or CH (cross-bar
H-type structure) type draft tube linac when, be not only obviously reduced the length of draft tube linac, also
The kinetic profile of the draft tube linac can be made more outstanding, because the longitudinal direction of line can be made by arrangement above
Emittance, which increases, to be minimized.
Another aspect provides a kind of synchrotrons using above-mentioned linear accelerator as injector.
It is used as the injector of synchrotron using linear accelerator provided by the invention, synchrotron injection can be greatly increased
The stream of line is strong and quality of beam.
Linear accelerator and synchrotron provided in an embodiment of the present invention, can be such that linear accelerator becomes more in structure
Step up to gather and economical, while can be obviously improved and improve the middle low energy particle quality of beam of linear accelerator device extraction, into one
Step can also improve the performance of the synchrotron using the linear accelerator as injector；Present invention can apply to basic nuclear physics
In addition application study, medical accelerator device, space flight and industrial irradiation field are also nuclear physics, atomic and molecular physics experiment is ground
Study carefully and more strong means are provided.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect
Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of linear accelerator, including：
Accelerating cavity；
Magnet chamber shell is located inside the accelerating cavity and is connect with the inner wall of the accelerating cavity；
Inside the magnet chamber shell for the particle beams by core pipe, and
At least three quadrupole electromagnets being connected in series with inside the magnet chamber shell, for gathering to the particle beams
Coke, at least three quadrupole electromagnet include center through hole, and the core pipe passes through the center through hole.
2. linear accelerator according to claim 1, which is characterized in that at least three quadrupole electromagnet includes three four
Pole magnet, the polarity between the adjacent magnet are opposite.
3. linear accelerator according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be also configured with regulating device in the magnet chamber shell
And positioning device, the position for adjusting or locking at least three magnet.
4. linear accelerator according to claim 1, which is characterized in that each magnet is each equipped with magnet coil, described
Magnet coil is arranged to the structure of square-outside and round-inside.
5. linear accelerator according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the magnet chamber shell is double-layer structure, described double
Configured with the water route for the cooling water that circulates between two layers of layer structure.
6. linear accelerator according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the linear accelerator further includes support chamber shell,
One end of the support chamber shell is connect with the magnet chamber shell, and the inner wall of the other end and the accelerating cavity of the support chamber shell connects
It connects.
7. linear accelerator according to claim 6, which is characterized in that include water route and electricity inside the support chamber shell
Road, described that the water route in chamber shell is supported to be connected to the water route in the magnet chamber shell and coil, the circuit and the magnet
Magnet coil is connected to.
8. linear accelerator according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the support chamber shell includes conical portion and circle
Cylindrical section, the conical portion are connect with the magnet chamber shell, and the inner wall of the cylindrical part and the accelerating cavity connects
It connects.
9. linear accelerator according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the support chamber shell by mounting flange with it is described
The inner wall of accelerating cavity connects, and the mounting flange includes high frequency sealing structure and vacuum seal structure.
10. a kind of synchrotron, which is characterized in that the synchrotron uses such as claim 1-9 any one of them
Linear accelerator is as injector.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110177421A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-08-27 | 华中科技大学 | Electron Beam Focusing device |
| CN110337173A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-10-15 | 华中科技大学 | Electron Beam Focusing device |
| WO2020191839A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 华中科技大学 | Electron radiation system |
| CN112704818A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-27 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Popular type light ion tumor treatment device |
| CN113747651A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-03 | 清华大学 | Interdigital drift tube linear accelerator and linear accelerator system |
| US11483919B2 (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2022-10-25 | Huazhong University Of Science And Technology | System of electron irradiation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110177421A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-08-27 | 华中科技大学 | Electron Beam Focusing device |
| CN110337173A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-10-15 | 华中科技大学 | Electron Beam Focusing device |
| WO2020191839A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 华中科技大学 | Electron radiation system |
| CN110337173B (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-11-06 | 华中科技大学 | Electron beam focusing device |
| US11483919B2 (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2022-10-25 | Huazhong University Of Science And Technology | System of electron irradiation |
| CN112704818A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-27 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Popular type light ion tumor treatment device |
| CN113747651A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-03 | 清华大学 | Interdigital drift tube linear accelerator and linear accelerator system |
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