CN108548817B - Multiphase floating jet experiment generating device and oil drop bubble shadow image processing method - Google Patents
Multiphase floating jet experiment generating device and oil drop bubble shadow image processing method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N2021/8405—Application to two-phase or mixed materials, e.g. gas dissolved in liquids
Abstract
The invention relates to a multiphase floating jet experiment generating device and an oil drop bubble shadow image processing method. The oil drop and bubble shadow image processing method obtains oil drop and bubble movement information through shadow images, for image processing of discrete phase liquid drop targets, separation and positioning of overlapped targets are achieved through edge curvature segmentation, target identification efficiency is improved through grouping identification, oil drops and bubbles are distinguished through target gray statistical information difference, and the movement speeds of the oil drops and the bubbles are calculated through matching analysis of two adjacent frames of images. In conclusion, the invention can control the oil-gas proportion and the sizes of oil drops and bubbles dispersed in a water body, realize the simultaneous measurement of the motion of each phase of the water body, the oil drops and the bubbles, can be used for researching the internal structure of oil-gas multiphase floating jet flow and the transportation and diffusion rule thereof, and provides theoretical support for the practical problems of related underwater oil spill pollution assessment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multiphase floating jet experiment generating device and an oil drop bubble shadow image processing method, and belongs to the technical field of environment simulation experiment equipment.
Background
The multiphase float jet research has wide backgrounds in the field of water environment, and comprises the problems of transportation and diffusion of seabed blowout oil in a water body, the problem of air bubble plume used for enhancing water body mixing, the problems of dredging, mud throwing and sand throwing and the like. Taking the subsea blowout oil as an example, the underwater process of the blowout oil mainly shows that the oil-gas mixture forms a complex multiphase floating jet, the dispersed phase of the floating jet is oil drops and bubbles with different sizes, and the continuous phase of the floating jet is seawater. The sliding speed exists between oil drops and bubbles of the dispersed phase and the water body of the continuous phase, so that the obvious difference exists between the dispersed phase and single-phase floating jet such as warm-water-draining floating jet. In particular, in a vertical density stratification or cross-flow environment, oil drops and bubbles with different sizes can be separated remarkably, so that the phenomena of flow structure and dynamic characteristics different from those of unidirectional floating jet flow are shown. Due to different densities and sizes, the movement tracks and distribution characteristics of oil drops and bubbles with larger slip speed difference in the floating jet flow are also greatly different. The distribution condition of different components in the blowout leakage in the water body and the condition of finally reaching the sea surface can be accurately predicted only by researching the internal structure of the multiphase floating jet formed by different physical properties and the evolution rule of the multiphase floating jet in environments such as vertical density stratification and the like.
At present, the experimental research on the formation of single-phase float jet due to temperature or concentration difference has matured the method and the equipment. The experiment of the multiphase floating jet flow is relatively difficult to observe, and related researches are relatively less developed. Only some experimental devices aiming at bubble jet flow do not consider the conditions of controlling the proportion of bubbles with different sizes and oil gas coexistence.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a multiphase floating jet experiment generating device and an oil drop bubble shadow image processing method capable of accurately obtaining the internal structure of oil-gas multiphase floating jet and the transport and diffusion rules of substances therein, controlling the oil-gas ratio and the sizes of oil drops and bubbles dispersed in a water body, and simultaneously measuring the motion of each phase of the water body, the oil drops and the bubbles.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multiphase floating jet experiment generating device is characterized by comprising an oil-gas multiphase floating jet simulation system and a measuring system; the oil-gas multiphase floating jet simulation system comprises a multiphase floating jet generating device arranged in a water body of a measurement area, wherein an air inlet of the multiphase floating jet generating device is connected with an air pump through an air pipe, an oil inlet of the multiphase floating jet generating device is connected with an oil storage tank through an oil pipe, and a valve and a peristaltic pump are sequentially arranged on the oil pipe; the measuring system comprises an LED lamp array arranged on the back surface of the water body of the measuring area, a laser arranged on one side of the water body of the measuring area, a synchronizer, a first camera, a second camera and a computer; the laser generates laser to irradiate a measurement region water body added with flow field fluorescent tracer particles, a part of light emitted by the measurement region water body is filtered, then an oil drop bubble shadow image is collected by the first camera, another part of light emitted by the measurement region water body is filtered, then a fluorescent particle image is collected by the second camera, the first camera and the second camera send the collected images to the computer, the computer processes the oil drop bubble shadow image to complete extraction of motion characteristics of oil drops and bubbles, and the computer processes the fluorescent particle image to complete extraction of water body characteristics; the LED lamp array is controlled by an LED controller, the laser is controlled by a laser controller, the laser controller is connected with the synchronizer, and the computer enables the first camera and the second camera to simultaneously acquire images by controlling the synchronizer.
Further, the multiphase floating jet flow generating device comprises a bracket, a pipe body distribution disc, a gas flow divider and a liquid flow divider; the fixed setting in support top body distribution dish, body distribution dish goes up a plurality of outlet ducts and the play oil pipe of the even cross arrangement in interval and has different apertures, all the bottom opening of outlet duct all connects through the branch road trachea the gas outlet of gas shunt, the air inlet of gas shunt is connected tracheal air inlet, all the oil inlet that goes out the oil pipe all connects through branch road oil pipe liquid separator's oil-out, liquid shunt's oil inlet is connected oil pipe's oil-out, all the open-top of outlet duct and play oil pipe constitutes heterogeneous jet generator's spout that floats.
Furthermore, the air outlet pipe and the oil outlet pipe both adopt needle tubes.
Furthermore, the light-emitting wave band of the LED lamp array is 620-645 nm.
Further, a gas flowmeter is arranged on the gas pipe.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also adopts the following technical scheme: a method for processing oil drop bubble shadow images is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) filtering the original oil drop bubble shadow image to eliminate background interference, and performing binarization processing on the image subjected to filtering to eliminate background interference to obtain a binary digital image;
2) dividing the binary digital image into an independent target and an overlapped target; respectively calculating the mass center of each independent target to obtain the mass center information of the independent target; calculating the curvature of the edge points of the overlapped targets, dividing the overlapped targets into a plurality of separated targets according to the curvature change extreme points, and respectively calculating the mass center of each separated target to obtain the mass center information of the separated targets;
3) and combining the centroid information of the independent target and the centroid information of the separated target to obtain the centroid information of all the targets, respectively calculating the gray average value of each target in the image, and completing the extraction of the motion characteristics of each phase of oil drops and bubbles.
Further, dividing the binary digital image into an independent target and an overlapped target, specifically: calculating the diameter and the long-short axis ratio of each target in the binary digital image, wherein the target meeting the condition that the diameter and the long-short axis ratio are both smaller than a threshold value is an independent target and only contains one bubble or oil drop to obtain the independent target; the object which does not meet the condition is an overlapping object which comprises a plurality of air bubbles and oil drops, and the overlapping object is obtained.
Further, the gray level average value of each target in the image is respectively calculated, and the extraction of the motion characteristics of each phase of oil drops and bubbles is completed, specifically: the target with the average gray level smaller than the designated threshold value is oil drops, and an oil drop characteristic image is obtained; the target with the average gray level larger than the designated threshold value is a bubble, and a bubble characteristic image is obtained; obtaining a bubble velocity image according to the bubble positions of two adjacent frames of images; and obtaining an oil drop velocity image according to the oil drop positions of the two adjacent frames of images.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the invention provides a multiphase floating jet experiment generating device capable of adjusting oil-gas proportion and oil drop bubble size, which realizes the adjustment of the oil-gas proportion through an oil supply pipeline and a gas supply pipeline which independently control flow, controls the size of the oil drop bubble through a replaceable needle tube outlet, and has a nozzle formed by uniformly intersecting an air outlet and an oil outlet, and oil drops and bubbles with different sizes can be generated by different aperture diameters. 2. The oil drop and bubble shadow image processing method provided by the invention obtains the motion information of oil drops and bubbles through shadow images, realizes the separation and positioning of overlapped targets by using edge curvature segmentation for the image processing of discrete phase liquid drop targets, improves the target identification efficiency by using group identification, distinguishes the oil drops and the bubbles by using the difference of target gray statistical information, and calculates the motion speed of the oil drops and the bubbles by using the matching analysis of two adjacent frames of images. In conclusion, the invention can control the oil-gas proportion and the sizes of oil drops and bubbles dispersed in a water body, realize the simultaneous measurement of the motion of each phase of the water body, the oil drops and the bubbles, can be used for researching the internal structure of oil-gas multiphase floating jet flow and the transportation and diffusion rule thereof, and provides theoretical support for relevant practical problems such as underwater oil spill pollution assessment and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multiphase float jet simulation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the multiphase float jet generating device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the nozzle layout of the multiphase floating jet generating device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a measurement system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of an oil drop bubble shadow image processing method according to the present invention;
reference numerals: 1, a multiphase floating jet flow generating device, 2 air pumps, 3 oil storage tanks, 4 peristaltic pumps, 5 air pipes, 6 gas flow meters, 7 oil pipes, 8 valves, 9 red light LED lamp arrays, 10LED controllers, 11 lasers, 12 laser controllers, 13 synchronizers, 14 light splitters, 15 first cameras, 16 second cameras and 17 computers; 1-1 bracket, 1-2 needle tube distribution disc, 1-3 air outlet needle tubes, 1-4 oil outlet needle tubes, 1-5 gas diverter and 1-6 liquid diverter.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are provided solely for the purposes of promoting an understanding of the invention and that they are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The multiphase floating jet experiment generating device provided by the invention comprises an oil-gas multiphase floating jet simulation system and a measurement system.
As shown in fig. 1, the multiphase float jet simulation system includes a multiphase float jet generating device 1, an air pump 2, an oil storage tank 3 and a peristaltic pump 4.
The multiphase floating jet flow generating device 1 is arranged at the bottom of a water body of a measuring area, wherein the water body of the measuring area can be placed in an organic glass water tank or a flow making water tank, wherein the water body of the organic glass water tank can simulate the environment of a layered water body with uniform density and vertical density, and the water body in the flow making water tank can simulate the environment of horizontal transverse flow. An air inlet of the multiphase floating jet flow generating device 1 is connected with an air pump 2 through an air pipe 5, a gas flowmeter 6 is arranged on the air pipe 5, an oil inlet of the multiphase floating jet flow generating device 1 is connected with an oil storage tank 3 through an oil pipe 7, and a valve 8 and a peristaltic pump 4 are sequentially arranged on the oil way 7.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the multiphase floating jet generating device 1 comprises a bracket 1-1, a needle tube distribution disc 1-2, an air outlet needle tube 1-3, an oil outlet needle tube 1-4, a gas splitter 1-5 and a liquid splitter 1-6; the top of the support 1-1 is fixedly provided with a needle tube distribution disc 1-2, a plurality of air outlet needle tubes 1-3 and a plurality of oil outlet needle tubes 1-4 with different apertures are uniformly arranged on the needle tube distribution disc 1-2 in a crossed mode at intervals, the bottom openings of all the air outlet needle tubes 1-3 are connected with the air outlets of the air diverters 1-5 through branch air tubes, the air inlets of the air diverters 1-5 are connected with the air inlets of the air tubes 5, the oil inlets of all the oil outlet needle tubes 1-4 are connected with the oil outlets of the liquid splitters 1-6 through branch oil tubes, the oil inlets of the liquid diverters 1-6 are connected with the oil outlets of the oil tubes 7, and the top openings of all the air outlet needle tubes 1-3 and the oil outlet needle tubes 1-4 form nozzles of the multiphase floating jet flow generating device 1. Preferably, the needle tube distribution disc 1-2 can be made of dense foam which is penetrable by a needle tube with a certain thickness, and can also be made of organic glass through punching. The needle tube distribution disc 1-2 can be used for adjusting the layout of the air outlet needle tubes 1-3 and the oil outlet needle tubes 1-4 in a replaceable manner, wherein the air outlet needle tubes 1-3 and the oil outlet needle tubes 1-4 are not limited to the design, and tube bodies with openings at two ends can be adopted.
As shown in fig. 4, the measuring system includes a red LED lamp array 9, an LED controller 10, a laser 11, a laser controller 12, a synchronizer 13, a beam splitter 14, a first camera 15, a second camera 16, and a computer 17, wherein the computer 17 is connected to the synchronizer 13, the first camera 15, and the second camera 16, respectively.
The back of the water body in the measurement area is provided with a red light LED lamp array 9, and the light intensity of the red light LED lamp array 9 is controlled by an LED controller 10. The light-emitting wave band of the red light LED lamp array 9 is 620-645 nm, and the red light LED lamp array is used as a backlight light source to irradiate the water body in the measurement area.
A laser 11 is arranged on one side of the measurement area, the laser 11 generates laser with the wavelength of 532nm to irradiate the measurement area, flow field fluorescent tracing particles are added into a water body in the measurement area, the fluorescent particles are excited to emit 570-590 nm fluorescent light, the fluorescent light is emitted to a light splitter 14, and a part of light emitted by the light splitter 14 is filtered and then is obtained by a first camera 15. The first camera 15 is used for acquiring an oil drop and bubble shadow image formed by the backlight light source illumination. Another portion of the light exiting the beam splitter 14 is filtered and captured by a second camera 16, and the second camera 16 is used to capture the phosphor image. The first camera 15 and the second camera 16 send the acquired images to the computer 17, and the computer 17 processes the oil drop bubble shadow image by using an oil drop bubble shadow image processing method to complete the extraction of the motion characteristics of each phase of oil drops and bubbles. The computer 16 obtains continuous phase (water body) flow field information from the fluorescent particle image by using the conventional 2D PIV image processing method. The laser 11 is controlled by a laser controller 12, the laser controller 12 is connected to a synchronizer 13, and the computer 17 controls the synchronizer 13 to further control the first camera 15 and the second camera 16 to simultaneously acquire images.
As shown in fig. 5, the oil drop and bubble shadow image processing method can realize the extraction of the characteristics of separation, positioning, speed and the like of oil drops and bubbles, and comprises the following specific processes:
1) the method comprises the steps of (1) filtering an original shadow image obtained by a first camera 15 to eliminate background interference to obtain an image II;
2) carrying out binarization processing on the filtered image without background interference to obtain a binary digital image;
3) dividing the binary digital image into an independent target (r) and an overlapped target (v), which comprises the following steps:
calculating the diameter and the long-short axis ratio of each target in the binary digital image, wherein the target satisfying the condition that the diameter and the long-short axis ratio are both smaller than a threshold value is an independent target and only contains one bubble or oil drop, and obtaining an independent target;
the one not satisfying the condition is an overlap target, which contains a plurality of bubbles and oil droplets, resulting in an overlap target.
4) Respectively calculating the mass center of each independent target to obtain the mass center information of the independent target, as shown in an image (c); calculating the curvature of the edge points of the overlapped targets, dividing the overlapped targets into a plurality of separated targets according to the curvature change extreme points, and respectively calculating the mass center of each separated target to obtain the mass center information of the separated targets, wherein the mass center information is shown in an image (c);
5) and combining the centroid information of the independent target and the centroid information of the separated target to obtain the centroid information of all the targets, as shown in an image.
6) Respectively calculating the gray average value of each target image in the image to complete the extraction of the motion characteristics of each phase of oil drops and bubbles, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the target with the average gray level smaller than the specified threshold value is oil drop, and an oil drop characteristic image is obtained;
the object whose average gray scale is greater than the designated threshold value is a bubble, and a bubble feature image (R) is obtained;
obtaining a bubble velocity image according to the bubble positions of two adjacent frame images
Obtaining an oil drop velocity image according to the oil drop positions of two adjacent frames of images
The following describes the operation of the multi-phase float jet experiment generator of the present invention in detail by means of specific examples.
When the invention is used, gas is connected with a plurality of gas outlet needle tubes 1-3 through a plurality of branch gas tubes by the gas flow splitters 1-5, and oil is connected with a plurality of oil outlet needle tubes 1-4 through a plurality of branch oil tubes by the liquid flow splitters 1-6. The air outlet needle tubes 1-3 and the oil outlet needle tubes 1-4 are uniformly distributed on the needle tube distribution disc 1-2 of the bracket 1-1 in a crossed manner, and the needle tubes with different apertures in water in a measurement area can generate oil drops or bubbles with different particle sizes. The air pump 2 pumps air into the water body, and the air flow entering the water body through the multiphase floating jet flow generating device 1 is controlled by the gas flow meter 6. The oil storage tank 3 supplies oil to the multiphase floating jet flow generating device 1 through an oil pipe, the peristaltic pump 4 is used for providing power, and the valve 8 controls the flow of the oil entering the water body. The measuring system is used for lighting, image acquisition and flow field image analysis, the flow of the continuous phase is obtained by adding fluorescent tracer particle images of the water body by using a PIV technology, the motion of the discrete phase is obtained by processing shadow images formed by irradiation of a backlight light source through an oil drop bubble shadow image, and the simultaneous measurement of the motion of the water body, the oil drops and the bubbles is realized.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection mode, manufacturing process, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A multiphase floating jet experiment generating device is characterized by comprising an oil-gas multiphase floating jet simulation system and a measuring system;
the oil-gas multiphase floating jet simulation system comprises a multiphase floating jet generating device arranged in water in a measuring area, wherein an air inlet of the multiphase floating jet generating device is connected with an air pump through an air pipe, an oil inlet of the multiphase floating jet generating device is connected with an oil storage tank through an oil pipe, and a valve and a peristaltic pump are sequentially arranged on an oil circuit; the multiphase floating jet flow generating device comprises a bracket, a pipe body distribution disc, a gas flow divider and a liquid flow divider; the top of the support is fixedly provided with the pipe body distribution disc, a plurality of air outlet pipes and oil outlet pipes with different apertures are uniformly arranged on the pipe body distribution disc in a crossed mode at intervals, the bottom openings of all the air outlet pipes are connected with the air outlet of the gas splitter through branch air pipes, the air inlet of the gas splitter is connected with the air inlet of the air pipes, the oil inlets of all the oil outlet pipes are connected with the oil outlet of the liquid separator through branch oil pipes, the oil inlets of the liquid splitter are connected with the oil outlet of the oil pipes, and the top openings of all the air outlet pipes and the oil outlet pipes form nozzles of the multiphase floating jet flow generating device;
the measuring system comprises an LED lamp array arranged on the back surface of the water body of the measuring area, a laser arranged on one side of the water body of the measuring area, a synchronizer, a first camera, a second camera and a computer; the laser generates laser to irradiate a measurement region water body added with flow field fluorescent tracer particles, a part of light emitted by the measurement region water body is filtered, an oil drop bubble shadow image is collected by the first camera, another part of light emitted by the measurement region water body is filtered, a fluorescent particle image is collected by the second camera, and the first camera and the second camera send collected images to the computer;
the computer processes the shadow image of the oil drop bubbles to extract the motion characteristics of each phase of the oil drop and the bubbles, and the computer processes the fluorescent particle image to extract the water body characteristics; the LED lamp array is controlled by an LED controller, the laser is controlled by a laser controller, the laser controller is connected with the synchronizer, and the computer controls the synchronizer to enable the first camera and the second camera to simultaneously acquire images;
the computer processes the shadow image of the oil drop bubbles to extract the motion characteristics of the oil drop and each phase of the bubbles, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
1) filtering the original oil drop bubble shadow image to eliminate background interference, and performing binarization processing on the image subjected to filtering to eliminate background interference to obtain a binary digital image;
2) dividing the binary digital image into an independent target and an overlapped target; respectively calculating the mass center of each independent target to obtain the mass center information of the independent target; calculating the curvature of the edge points of the overlapped targets, dividing the overlapped targets into a plurality of separated targets according to the curvature change extreme points, and respectively calculating the mass center of each separated target to obtain the mass center information of the separated targets;
3) combining the centroid information of the independent target and the centroid information of the separated target to obtain the centroid information of all the targets, respectively calculating the gray level average value of each target in the image, and completing the extraction of the motion characteristics of each phase of oil drops and bubbles; the method comprises the following steps of calculating the gray level average value of each target in an image respectively, and completing extraction of motion characteristics of oil drops and bubbles in each phase, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the target with the average gray level smaller than the designated threshold value is oil drops, and an oil drop characteristic image is obtained;
the target with the average gray level larger than the designated threshold value is a bubble, and a bubble characteristic image is obtained;
obtaining a bubble velocity image according to the bubble positions of two adjacent frames of images;
and obtaining an oil drop velocity image according to the oil drop positions of the two adjacent frames of images.
2. The multiphase floating jet experiment generating device of claim 1, wherein the gas outlet pipe and the oil outlet pipe are both needle tubes.
3. The multiphase floating jet experiment generating device of claim 1, wherein the light emitting waveband of the LED lamp array is 620-645 nm.
4. The multiphase float jet experiment generator of claim 1 wherein said gas pipe is provided with a gas flow meter.
5. A method for processing oil drop bubble shadow images is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) filtering the original oil drop bubble shadow image to eliminate background interference, and performing binarization processing on the image subjected to filtering to eliminate background interference to obtain a binary digital image;
2) dividing the binary digital image into an independent target and an overlapped target; respectively calculating the mass center of each independent target to obtain the mass center information of the independent target; calculating the curvature of the edge points of the overlapped targets, dividing the overlapped targets into a plurality of separated targets according to the curvature change extreme points, and respectively calculating the mass center of each separated target to obtain the mass center information of the separated targets;
3) combining the centroid information of the independent target and the centroid information of the separated target to obtain the centroid information of all the targets, respectively calculating the gray level average value of each target in the image, and completing the extraction of the motion characteristics of each phase of oil drops and bubbles; the method comprises the following steps of calculating the gray level average value of each target in an image respectively, and completing extraction of motion characteristics of oil drops and bubbles in each phase, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the target with the average gray level smaller than the designated threshold value is oil drops, and an oil drop characteristic image is obtained;
the target with the average gray level larger than the designated threshold value is a bubble, and a bubble characteristic image is obtained;
obtaining a bubble velocity image according to the bubble positions of two adjacent frames of images;
and obtaining an oil drop velocity image according to the oil drop positions of the two adjacent frames of images.
6. The oil drop bubble shadow image processing method according to claim 5, wherein the binary digital image is divided into an independent target and an overlapped target, specifically:
calculating the diameter and the long-short axis ratio of each target in the binary digital image, wherein the target meeting the condition that the diameter and the long-short axis ratio are both smaller than a threshold value is an independent target and only contains one bubble or oil drop to obtain the independent target; the object which does not meet the condition is an overlapping object which comprises a plurality of air bubbles and oil drops, and the overlapping object is obtained.
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