CN108547654B - Suspension top coal caving hydraulic support convenient for controlling coal caving amount and use method thereof - Google Patents
Suspension top coal caving hydraulic support convenient for controlling coal caving amount and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108547654B CN108547654B CN201810689077.2A CN201810689077A CN108547654B CN 108547654 B CN108547654 B CN 108547654B CN 201810689077 A CN201810689077 A CN 201810689077A CN 108547654 B CN108547654 B CN 108547654B
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/0004—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor along the working face
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/03—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor having protective means, e.g. shields, for preventing or impeding entry of loose material into the working space or support
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/04—Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/04—Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floor
- E21D23/06—Special mine caps or special tops of pit-props for permitting step-by-step movement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/08—Advancing mechanisms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/12—Control, e.g. using remote control
- E21D23/14—Effecting automatic sequential movement of supports, e.g. one behind the other
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
- E21F13/06—Transport of mined material at or adjacent to the working face
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
- E21F13/08—Shifting conveyors or other transport devices from one location at the working face to another
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a suspension top coal caving hydraulic support which is convenient for controlling the coal caving amount, comprising a base, a top beam, a front joist and a rear joist, wherein the front joist is connected with the rear joist through a connecting plate; the front joist and the rear joist are respectively connected with the top beam in a sliding way through a sliding connection structure; the invention also discloses a use method of the hydraulic support, wherein the front conveyor is connected to the ground of a working surface during coal mining, and a plurality of suspended top coal hydraulic supports which are convenient for controlling the coal discharge amount are arranged side by side left and right and are commonly used for top protection at the working surface; after the coal mining machine coals forwards by one step distance, carrying out frame moving operation; the first is temporary roof protection; second, moving the front conveyor; thirdly, moving the frame; the invention is convenient for controlling the coal discharge amount and moving the frame, can timely protect the roof along with the working progress of the coal mining machine, and can be assembled on site at the working surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine operation, in particular to a suspension top coal caving hydraulic support and a use method thereof.
Background
In recent years, under the condition of good working face in China, mining areas with large and thick funds are fully mechanized, but a large part of small and medium-sized coal mines cannot fully mechanized due to the reasons of difficult funds or limited mine conditions.
When coal is mined, the coal mining machine works under the support of the hydraulic support, the coal mining machine is arranged on the conveyor, and the excavated coal is transported away by the conveyor (usually a scraper conveyor). Every mining step (usually 630 mm), a frame moving operation is required to move the hydraulic support, the conveyor and the coal mining machine forward, one step at a time, and the working face is pushed forward. The existing hydraulic support for caving coal has the following defects:
1. when the frame is moved, the frame is required to be moved integrally, and four hydraulic columns (each hydraulic support is provided with four hydraulic columns) are required to be positioned manually. The frame moving operation needs 2-4 people to operate together, and the labor consumption is high.
2. The top beam of the existing suspension support is heavy, the gravity center is high, the unbalanced load bearing capacity is poor, the support is not stable, and the hydraulic upright post of the support is easy to insert into the bottom (the coal seam inserted into the ground of the working face) when the bottom plate is soft.
Meanwhile, the existing non-suspension type hydraulic support is provided with a base, a shield beam, a connecting rod and other mechanisms, and is heavy, high in cost and inconvenient to move.
3. The conveyor of the working face usually adopts a scraper conveyor, and when the conveyor is pushed, the existing suspension support needs to be independently pushed by a pushing device.
4. The existing hydraulic support cannot control the coal discharge amount, and can not prevent gangue from entering a working surface after coal discharge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a suspended top coal caving hydraulic support which is convenient for controlling the coal caving amount, is convenient for moving, and can protect the top in time along with the working progress of a coal mining machine.
In order to achieve the aim, the suspended top coal caving hydraulic support convenient for controlling the coal caving amount comprises a base, a top beam, a front joist and a rear joist, wherein the front joist is connected with the rear joist through a connecting plate;
the four corners of the base are respectively connected with a hydraulic upright post upwards, and the extending rods of the hydraulic upright posts are hinged with the top beam upwards;
the front joist and the rear joist are respectively connected with the top beam in a sliding way through a sliding connection structure;
the top beam is internally provided with a cavity, and the front end of the cavity is provided with an opening for the telescopic beam to enter and exit; the front part of the cavity is provided with a jack-up jack, an extension rod of the jack-up jack is connected with a telescopic beam forwards, and the telescopic beam is in sliding fit with the side wall of the cavity; when the extension rod of the jack of the protection jack extends forwards to the limit extension position, the extension length of the extension beam extending out of the top beam is one step distance;
the rear end part of the top beam extends backwards to be positioned at the rear hydraulic upright post and is downwards connected with a gangue blocking jack, an extending rod of the gangue blocking jack extends downwards to be connected with a plugboard, the rear end of the top beam is downwards connected with a containment plate, the containment plate extends downwards by 80+/-10 cm from the top beam, and the containment plate encloses a cylinder body of the gangue blocking jack and the plugboard; when the extension rod of the gangue blocking jack extends downwards to the limit position, the bottom end of the plugboard is connected with the base; the width of the plugboard is matched with the base;
the front end of the top beam is positioned in front of the front end of the base, a front conveyor is arranged on the ground of a working surface below the front end of the top beam in working, a coal mining machine is arranged on the front conveyor, and a rear conveyor is arranged on the base; the front conveyor and the rear conveyor extend in the left-right direction;
a jack-moving jack is arranged between the rear joist and the top beam, a cylinder body or an extension rod of the jack-moving jack is hinged with the rear joist, and an extension rod or a cylinder body of the jack-moving jack is hinged with the top beam.
The sliding connection structure comprises a sliding cavity arranged at the lower part of the top beam, a front pin shaft connected to the front joist, a rear pin shaft connected to the rear joist, a front hanging scaffold connected to the front pin shaft and a rear hanging scaffold connected to the rear pin shaft;
the sliding cavity extends along the front-back direction, and the front end of the sliding cavity is opened; the lower surface of the sliding cavity is provided with a long hole along the front-rear direction, and the long hole is positioned in the middle part of the sliding cavity in the left-right direction;
the front pin shaft and the rear pin shaft penetrate through the long holes and extend upwards into the sliding cavity, the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold are both positioned in the sliding cavity, and the diameters of the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold are both larger than the width of the long holes; the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold are in clearance fit or sliding fit with the side wall of the sliding cavity.
The front end of the base is provided with a pushing jack, a cylinder body or an extending rod of the pushing jack is hinged to the front conveyor forwards, and the extending rod or the cylinder body of the pushing jack is hinged to the base backwards.
When the hydraulic support is in operation, a plurality of suspended top coal caving hydraulic supports which are convenient for controlling the coal caving amount are arranged side by side left and right and jointly used for protecting the top at a working face, front joists of adjacent hydraulic supports are connected through connecting sleeves, and rear joists of the adjacent hydraulic supports are connected through connecting sleeves; the sum of the friction force between the base of each hydraulic support at the working surface and the ground is larger than the friction force between the front conveyor and the ground.
The one step distance is 630 mm; the front end of the telescopic beam is hinged with a side protection plate downwards.
The invention also discloses a using method of the suspended top coal hydraulic support which is convenient for controlling the coal discharge amount, when in coal mining, the front conveyor is connected to the ground of the working surface, and a plurality of suspended top coal hydraulic supports which are convenient for controlling the coal discharge amount are arranged side by side left and right and are commonly used for protecting the top at the working surface; after the coal mining machine coals forwards by one step distance, carrying out frame moving operation;
the first step of the frame moving operation is temporary roof protection;
starting a protection jack of each hydraulic support, and enabling the protection jack to drive a telescopic beam of each hydraulic support to extend out of a top beam forwards by a step distance so as to temporarily protect the mining part;
the second step of the frame moving operation is to move the front conveyor;
the connection between the front conveyor and the ground of the working surface is released, a pushing jack of each hydraulic support is started, and the pushing jack uses the base as a fulcrum to push the front conveyor forwards by one step distance and then connects the front conveyor on the ground of the working surface because the friction force between the base and the ground is larger than that between the front conveyor and the ground; at this time, the extending rod of the pushing jack is in an extending state;
the third step of the frame moving operation is frame moving;
when the frame is moved, one hydraulic support is moved each time, and then the next hydraulic support is moved until the hydraulic support at the working surface is moved;
the method for moving a hydraulic mount comprises the following sub-steps:
the first substep is to drop the top beam; operating the extension rods of the hydraulic upright posts to retract downwards by 20+/-2 cm, so that the top beams fall onto the front joist and the rear joist;
at the moment, the front joist is supported by the front joist of the adjacent hydraulic support through the connecting sleeve at the front joist, the rear joist is supported by the rear joist of the adjacent hydraulic support through the connecting sleeve at the rear joist, the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold of the hydraulic support are both upwards separated from the bottom wall of the sliding cavity, and the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold of the other hydraulic supports are uniformly pressed on the bottom wall of the corresponding sliding cavity so as to suspend the corresponding front joist and rear joist;
the second substep is to synchronously move the top beam and the base forward, wherein the moving distance is a step distance;
the operation of moving the top beam is: operating the jack to extend the extending rod; the rear joists are connected with the rear joists of the adjacent hydraulic supports through the connecting sleeve, so that the jack-up jack pushes the top beam forwards by taking the rear joists as supporting points, and the pushing distance is one step; when the top beam moves forward, the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold move relative to the top beam along the sliding cavity;
the operation of the movable base is that the pushing jack is operated to retract the extending rod; because the front conveyor is connected to the ground of the working surface, the pushing jack takes the front conveyor as a fulcrum at the moment to pull the base forwards by a step distance;
the third substep is topping;
operating each hydraulic upright post to enable the extending rod to extend upwards by 20+/-2 cm, and driving the top beam to push the top plate of the working surface upwards to realize top protection; after the lifting, the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold are pressed on the bottom wall of the sliding cavity again so as to suspend the front joist and the rear joist;
the fourth step of the frame moving operation is to synchronously move the front joist and the rear joist;
after the top beam and the base of each hydraulic support at the working surface are moved forward by one step distance by using the method in the third step, namely the frame moving step, and the top beam is re-topped, the jack-moving jacks of each hydraulic support at the working surface are synchronously operated, the extension rods of the jack-moving jacks are retracted, and the back joists of the hydraulic supports are synchronously pulled forward by one step distance; each rear joist drives the front joist to synchronously move forward by one step distance through the corresponding connecting plate; in the forward moving process of the rear joist and the front joist, the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold move relatively to the top beam along the sliding cavity; the rear joist and the front joist are respectively hung on the top beam through the rear hanging scaffold and the front hanging scaffold after moving forwards.
In the coal mining process, when the coal is required to be discharged at the highest speed, the extension rod of the gangue blocking jack is completely retracted, and the gap height between the plugboard and the base is the highest at the moment, so that the coal discharge speed is the highest; the coal discharging speed is controlled by a worker by controlling the downward extending distance of the plugboard, and the lower the bottom end height of the plugboard is, the slower the coal discharging speed is;
after coal is discharged, a worker controls the extension rod of the gangue blocking jack to extend downwards to a limit position, and the inserting plate is downwards connected with the base at the moment, so that gangue is prevented from entering a working surface.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention does not need to integrally move the frame when moving the frame, but can respectively move the top beam, the base, the front joist and the rear joist, and can be operated by one worker without manually positioning four hydraulic upright posts, thereby greatly saving the labor required by moving the frame.
Compared with a suspension support, the suspension top coal caving hydraulic support convenient for controlling the coal caving amount has the advantages that the base is arranged, the gravity center is lower, the unbalanced load bearing capacity is greatly improved, and the bottom inserting phenomenon of a hydraulic upright post can be avoided. Compared with the existing non-suspension type hydraulic support, the hydraulic support has the advantages that the shield beam, the connecting rod and other mechanisms are saved, the overall weight is greatly reduced, and the support is convenient to move.
The invention has simple structure and is convenient for transformation on the basis of the existing suspension bracket. The hydraulic support is light in weight, is convenient for being transported into a working surface in a split mode, is assembled on site at the working surface, greatly improves adaptability compared with the traditional hydraulic support, and can be used even in places where roadway construction is incomplete or not wide enough.
The rear conveyor is arranged on the base, so that the rear conveyor does not need to be independently moved, and the frame moving process is further facilitated. The dumbbell-shaped connecting structure is adopted among the sections of the rear conveyor, so that the sections of the rear conveyor can be bent at a certain angle, and a foundation is provided for the independent forward movement of the base of each hydraulic support. The rear conveyor (scraper conveyor) is a conventional device, and the existing scraper conveyor itself can be bent at a certain angle.
The concrete setting of sliding connection structure not only is convenient for preceding joist and back joist take place relative slip through preceding round pin axle and back roof beam respectively, and preceding tray and back joist of also being convenient for hang on the back roof beam through preceding tray and back tray respectively, can make the back roof beam drop on preceding joist and back tray simultaneously, preceding tray and back tray follow preceding round pin axle and back round pin axle upwards go deep into the slip chamber to allow the back roof beam to be supported by preceding tray and back tray.
In a word, the concrete arrangement of the sliding connection structure provides structural support for realizing three functions of relative sliding of the top beam joist, top beam suspension joist and joist supporting top beam.
The coal discharging speed can be conveniently controlled by operating the gangue blocking jack and controlling the gap height between the plugboard and the base. After the coal is discharged, the inserting plate can be downwards connected with the base, so that the possibility that the gangue enters the working surface is eliminated, and the working safety is improved.
The front end of the telescopic beam is hinged with the side protection plate downwards, so that when the telescopic beam temporarily protects the roof, the side protection plate plays a further role in protecting the roof, and the front roof coal is prevented from falling down obliquely to the lower part of the telescopic beam.
The method for using the lifting jack has reasonable arrangement of steps, and the lifting jack can realize pushing or pulling by using one lifting jack, so that one lifting jack can push or pull one part connected with the lifting jack before the lifting jack is converted, and can pull or push the other part connected with the lifting jack after the lifting jack is converted, thereby being convenient to operate, saving a power device for moving the lifting jack, avoiding the need of independently pushing and sliding by using a pushing and sliding device when the lifting jack is moved, saving the equipment cost and reducing the working strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; the direction to the right in fig. 1 is the forward direction in the present invention, i.e. the direction in which the working surface advances;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the front and rear joists;
fig. 3 is a sectional view of the A-A step of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the suspended top coal caving hydraulic bracket convenient for controlling the coal caving amount comprises a base 1, a top beam 2, a front joist 3 and a rear joist 4, wherein the front joist 3 and the rear joist 4 are connected through a connecting plate 5;
the four corners of the base 1 are respectively connected with a hydraulic upright post 6 upwards, and the extending rods of the hydraulic upright posts 6 are hinged with the top beam 2 upwards; the hydraulic columns 6 are located at the four corners and not at exactly the four corners.
The front joist 3 and the rear joist 4 are respectively connected with the top beam 2 in a sliding way through a sliding connection structure;
the top beam 2 is internally provided with a cavity 7, and the front end of the cavity 7 is provided with an opening for the telescopic beam 8 to enter and exit; the front part of the cavity 7 is provided with a jack guard 9, an extension rod of the jack guard 9 is connected with a telescopic beam 8 forwards, and the telescopic beam 8 is in sliding fit with the side wall of the cavity 7; when the extension rod of the jack 9 extends forwards to the limit extension position, the extension beam 8 extends out of the top beam 2 by one step;
the rear end part of the top beam 2 extends backwards to be positioned at the rear hydraulic upright post 6 and is downwards connected with a gangue blocking jack 10, an extending rod of the gangue blocking jack 10 extends downwards to be connected with a plugboard 11, the rear end of the top beam 2 is downwards connected with a containment board 12, the containment board 12 extends downwards by 80+/-10 cm from the top beam 2, and the containment board 12 encloses the cylinder body of the gangue blocking jack 10 and the plugboard 11; when the extension rod of the gangue blocking jack 10 extends downwards to the limit position, the bottom end of the plugboard 11 is connected with the base 1; the width of the plugboard 11 is matched with that of the base 1;
the front end of the top beam 2 is positioned in front of the front end of the base 1, a front conveyor is arranged on the ground of a working surface below the front end of the top beam 2 during working, a coal mining machine is arranged on the front conveyor, and a rear conveyor is arranged on the base 1; the front conveyor and the rear conveyor extend in the left-right direction;
the front conveyor and the rear conveyor are both scraper conveyors. The shearer, front conveyor and rear conveyor are all conventional devices, not shown.
A jack-moving jack is arranged between the rear joist 4 and the top beam 2, a cylinder body or an extension rod of the jack-moving jack is hinged with the rear joist 4, and an extension rod or a cylinder body of the jack-moving jack is hinged with the top beam 2. The jack is a conventional component, and is not shown in order to prevent the disorder of the drawing and keep the drawing clear.
The sliding connection structure comprises a sliding cavity 13 arranged at the lower part of the top beam 2, a front pin shaft 14 connected to the front joist 3, a rear pin shaft 15 connected to the rear joist 4, a front hanging scaffold 16 connected to the front pin shaft 14 and a rear hanging scaffold 17 connected to the rear pin shaft 15;
the sliding cavity 13 extends along the front-rear direction, and the front end of the sliding cavity 13 is opened; the lower surface of the sliding cavity 13 is provided with a long hole along the front-rear direction, and the long hole is positioned at the middle part of the sliding cavity 13 in the left-right direction; the slot is of conventional construction and is not shown.
The front pin shaft 14 and the rear pin shaft 15 extend upwards into the sliding cavity 13 through the long holes, the front hanging scaffold 16 and the rear hanging scaffold 17 are positioned in the sliding cavity 13, and the diameters of the front hanging scaffold 16 and the rear hanging scaffold 17 are larger than the widths of the long holes in the left-right direction; the front hanging scaffold 16 and the rear hanging scaffold 17 are in clearance fit or sliding fit with the side wall of the sliding cavity 13.
The concrete arrangement of the sliding connection structure is convenient for the front joist 3 and the rear joist 4 to slide relatively with the top beam 2 through the front pin shaft 14 and the rear pin shaft 15 respectively, is also convenient for the front joist 3 and the rear joist 4 to hang on the top beam 2 through the front hanging scaffold 16 and the rear hanging scaffold 17 respectively, and can enable the top beam 2 to fall down on the front joist 3 and the rear joist 4, and at the moment, the front hanging scaffold 16 and the rear hanging scaffold 17 extend into the sliding cavity 13 upwards along with the front pin shaft 14 and the rear pin shaft 15, so that the top beam 2 is allowed to be supported by the front joist 3 and the rear joist 4.
In a word, the concrete arrangement of the sliding connection structure provides structural support for realizing three functions of relative sliding of the top beam 2 and the joist, suspension of the joist by the top beam 2 and support of the top beam 2 by the joist.
The front end of the base 1 is provided with a pushing jack 18, a cylinder body or an extending rod of the pushing jack 18 is hinged to the front conveyor forwards, and the extending rod or the cylinder body of the pushing jack 18 is hinged to the base 1 backwards.
When the hydraulic support device works, a plurality of suspended top coal hydraulic supports which are convenient for controlling the coal discharge amount are arranged side by side left and right and jointly cover the top at the working surface, and the left and right width of the working surface determines the number of the suspended top coal hydraulic supports which are convenient for controlling the coal discharge amount.
The front joists 3 of the adjacent hydraulic supports are connected through a connecting sleeve 19, and the rear joists 4 of the adjacent hydraulic supports are connected through a connecting sleeve 19; the sum of the friction forces between the base 1 of each hydraulic bracket at the working surface and the ground is greater than the friction force between the front conveyor and the ground.
The one step distance is 630 mm. The front end of the telescopic beam 8 is hinged with a side protection plate 20 downwards.
When coal is mined, the front conveyor is connected to the ground of a working surface, and a plurality of suspended top coal caving hydraulic supports (simply called as hydraulic supports) which are convenient for controlling the coal caving amount are arranged side by side left and right and jointly cover the working surface; after the coal mining machine coals forwards by one step distance, carrying out frame moving operation;
the first step of the frame moving operation is temporary roof protection;
starting a jack 9 of each hydraulic support, and enabling the jack to drive a telescopic beam 8 of each hydraulic support to extend forwards from a top beam 2 by a step distance so as to temporarily protect the mining part;
the second step of the frame moving operation is to move the front conveyor;
the connection between the front conveyor and the ground of the working surface is released, the pushing jack 18 of each hydraulic support is started, and the pushing jack 18 uses the base 1 as a fulcrum to push the front conveyor forwards by one step distance and then connects the front conveyor on the ground of the working surface because the friction force between the base 1 and the ground is larger than that between the front conveyor and the ground; the extending rod of the pushing jack 18 is in an extending state;
the third step of the frame moving operation is frame moving;
when the frame is moved, one hydraulic support is moved each time, and then the next hydraulic support is moved until the hydraulic support at the working surface is moved;
the method for moving a hydraulic mount comprises the following sub-steps:
the first substep is to drop the roof beam 2; the extending rods of the hydraulic upright posts 6 are operated to be retracted downwards by 20+/-2 cm, so that the top beam 2 falls onto the front joist 3 and the rear joist 4;
at this time, the front joist 3 is supported by the front joist 3 of the adjacent hydraulic support through the connecting sleeve 19 at the front joist 3, the rear joist 4 is supported by the rear joist 4 of the adjacent hydraulic support through the connecting sleeve 19 at the rear joist 4, the front hanging scaffold 16 and the rear hanging scaffold 17 of the hydraulic support are both upwards separated from the bottom wall of the sliding cavity 13, and the front hanging scaffold 16 and the rear hanging scaffold 17 of each other hydraulic support are uniformly pressed on the bottom wall of the corresponding sliding cavity 13 so as to suspend the corresponding front joist 3 and rear joist 4;
the second substep is to synchronously move the top beam 2 and the base 1 forwards, wherein the moving distance is one step distance;
the operation of moving the top beam 2 is: operating the jack to extend the extending rod; the rear joist 4 is connected with the rear joist 4 of the left and right adjacent hydraulic support through the connecting sleeve 19, so that the rear joist 4 is used as a fulcrum to push the top beam 2 forwards by the jack, and the pushing distance is one step; when the top beam 2 moves forwards, the front hanging scaffold 16 and the rear hanging scaffold 17 move relative to the top beam 2 along the sliding cavity 13;
the operation of the mobile base 1 is to operate the pushing jack 18 to retract its extension rod; since the front conveyor is connected to the ground of the working surface, the pushing jack 18 pulls the base 1 forward by one step with the front conveyor as a fulcrum at this time;
the third substep is topping;
operating each hydraulic upright post 6 to enable an extension rod of the hydraulic upright post to extend upwards by 20+/-2 cm to drive the top beam 2 to push the top plate of the working surface upwards so as to realize top protection; after the lifting, the front hanging scaffold 16 and the rear hanging scaffold 17 are pressed on the bottom wall of the sliding cavity 13 again so as to suspend the front joist 3 and the rear joist 4;
the fourth step of the frame moving operation is to synchronously move the front joist 3 and the rear joist 4;
after the top beam 2 and the base 1 of each hydraulic support at the working surface are moved forward by one step distance by using the method in the third step, namely the frame moving step, and the top beam 2 is protected again, the jack moving jacks of each hydraulic support at the working surface are synchronously operated, the extension rods of the jack moving jacks are retracted, and the back joist 4 of each hydraulic support is pulled forward by one step distance synchronously; each rear joist 4 drives the front joist 3 to synchronously move forward by one step distance through a corresponding connecting plate 5; during the forward movement of the rear joist 4 and the front joist 3, the front hanging scaffold 16 and the rear hanging scaffold 17 move relatively to the top beam 2 along the sliding cavity 13; the rear joist 4 and the front joist 3 are respectively suspended on the top beam 2 through a rear hanging scaffold 17 and a front hanging scaffold 16 after moving forwards. I.e. the rear joist 4 is suspended from the top beam 2 by means of the rear suspension pan 17 and the front joist 3 is suspended from the top beam 2 by means of the front suspension pan 16.
In the coal mining process, when the coal is required to be discharged at the highest speed, the extension rod of the gangue blocking jack 10 is completely retracted, and the gap height between the plugboard 11 and the base 1 is the highest at the moment, so that the coal discharge speed is the highest; the coal discharging speed is controlled by a worker by controlling the downward extending distance of the plugboard 11, and the lower the bottom end height of the plugboard 11 is, the slower the coal discharging speed is;
after the coal is discharged, a worker controls the extension rod of the gangue blocking jack 10 to extend downwards to a limit position, and the plugboard 11 is connected with the base 1 downwards at the moment, so that the gangue is prevented from entering a working surface.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be encompassed by the claims.
Claims (2)
1. The use method of the suspended top coal hydraulic support convenient for controlling the coal discharge comprises the steps of enabling the suspended top coal hydraulic support convenient for controlling the coal discharge to comprise a base, a top beam, a front joist and a rear joist, wherein the front joist is connected with the rear joist through a connecting plate; the method is characterized in that:
the four corners of the base are respectively connected with a hydraulic upright post upwards, and the extending rods of the hydraulic upright posts are hinged with the top beam upwards;
the front joist and the rear joist are respectively connected with the top beam in a sliding way through a sliding connection structure;
the top beam is internally provided with a cavity, and the front end of the cavity is provided with an opening for the telescopic beam to enter and exit; the front part of the cavity is provided with a jack-up jack, an extension rod of the jack-up jack is connected with a telescopic beam forwards, and the telescopic beam is in sliding fit with the side wall of the cavity; when the extension rod of the jack of the protection jack extends forwards to the limit extension position, the extension length of the extension beam extending out of the top beam is one step distance;
the rear end part of the top beam extends backwards to be positioned at the rear hydraulic upright post and is downwards connected with a gangue blocking jack, an extending rod of the gangue blocking jack extends downwards to be connected with a plugboard, the rear end of the top beam is downwards connected with a containment plate, the containment plate extends downwards by 80+/-10 cm from the top beam, and the containment plate encloses a cylinder body of the gangue blocking jack and the plugboard; when the extension rod of the gangue blocking jack extends downwards to the limit position, the bottom end of the plugboard is connected with the base; the width of the plugboard is matched with the base;
the front end of the top beam is positioned in front of the front end of the base, a front conveyor is arranged on the ground of a working surface below the front end of the top beam in working, a coal mining machine is arranged on the front conveyor, and a rear conveyor is arranged on the base; the front conveyor and the rear conveyor extend in the left-right direction;
a jack-moving jack is arranged between the rear joist and the top beam, a cylinder body or an extension rod of the jack-moving jack is hinged with the rear joist, and an extension rod or a cylinder body of the jack-moving jack is hinged with the top beam;
the sliding connection structure comprises a sliding cavity arranged at the lower part of the top beam, a front pin shaft connected to the front joist, a rear pin shaft connected to the rear joist, a front hanging scaffold connected to the front pin shaft and a rear hanging scaffold connected to the rear pin shaft;
the sliding cavity extends along the front-back direction, and the front end of the sliding cavity is opened; the lower surface of the sliding cavity is provided with a long hole along the front-rear direction, and the long hole is positioned in the middle part of the sliding cavity in the left-right direction;
the front pin shaft and the rear pin shaft penetrate through the long holes and extend upwards into the sliding cavity, the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold are both positioned in the sliding cavity, and the diameters of the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold are both larger than the width of the long holes; the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold are in clearance fit or sliding fit with the side wall of the sliding cavity;
the front end of the base is provided with a pushing jack, a cylinder body or an extension rod of the pushing jack is hinged to the front conveyor forwards, and the extension rod or the cylinder body of the pushing jack is hinged to the base backwards;
when the hydraulic support is in operation, a plurality of suspended top coal caving hydraulic supports which are convenient for controlling the coal caving amount are arranged side by side left and right and jointly used for protecting the top at a working face, front joists of adjacent hydraulic supports are connected through connecting sleeves, and rear joists of the adjacent hydraulic supports are connected through connecting sleeves; the sum of friction force between the base of each hydraulic support at the working surface and the ground is larger than the friction force between the front conveyor and the ground;
when coal is mined, the front conveyor is connected to the ground of the working surface, and a plurality of suspended top coal caving hydraulic supports which are convenient for controlling the coal caving amount are arranged side by side left and right and jointly cover the working surface; after the coal mining machine coals forwards by one step distance, carrying out frame moving operation;
the first step of the frame moving operation is temporary roof protection;
starting a protection jack of each hydraulic support, and enabling the protection jack to drive a telescopic beam of each hydraulic support to extend out of a top beam forwards by a step distance so as to temporarily protect the mining part;
the second step of the frame moving operation is to move the front conveyor;
the connection between the front conveyor and the ground of the working surface is released, a pushing jack of each hydraulic support is started, and the pushing jack uses the base as a fulcrum to push the front conveyor forwards by one step distance and then connects the front conveyor on the ground of the working surface because the friction force between the base and the ground is larger than that between the front conveyor and the ground; at this time, the extending rod of the pushing jack is in an extending state;
the third step of the frame moving operation is frame moving;
when the frame is moved, one hydraulic support is moved each time, and then the next hydraulic support is moved until the hydraulic support at the working surface is moved;
the method for moving a hydraulic mount comprises the following sub-steps:
the first substep is to drop the top beam; operating the extension rods of the hydraulic upright posts to retract downwards by 20+/-2 cm, so that the top beams fall onto the front joist and the rear joist;
at the moment, the front joist is supported by the front joist of the adjacent hydraulic support through the connecting sleeve at the front joist, the rear joist is supported by the rear joist of the adjacent hydraulic support through the connecting sleeve at the rear joist, the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold of the hydraulic support are both upwards separated from the bottom wall of the sliding cavity, and the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold of the other hydraulic supports are uniformly pressed on the bottom wall of the corresponding sliding cavity so as to suspend the corresponding front joist and rear joist;
the second substep is to synchronously move the top beam and the base forward, wherein the moving distance is a step distance;
the operation of moving the top beam is: operating the jack to extend the extending rod; the rear joist is connected with the rear joist of the adjacent hydraulic support through the connecting sleeve, so that the jack is moved to push the top beam forwards by taking the rear joist as a fulcrum, and the pushing distance is one step; when the top beam moves forward, the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold move relative to the top beam along the sliding cavity;
the operation of the movable base is that the pushing jack is operated to retract the extending rod; because the front conveyor is connected to the ground of the working surface, the pushing jack takes the front conveyor as a fulcrum at the moment to pull the base forwards by a step distance;
the third substep is topping;
operating each hydraulic upright post to enable the extending rod to extend upwards by 20+/-2 cm, and driving the top beam to push the top plate of the working surface upwards to realize top protection; after the lifting, the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold are pressed on the bottom wall of the sliding cavity again so as to suspend the front joist and the rear joist;
the fourth step of the frame moving operation is to synchronously move the front joist and the rear joist;
after the top beam and the base of each hydraulic support at the working surface are moved forward by one step distance by using the method in the third step, namely the frame moving step, and the top beam is re-topped, the jack-moving jacks of each hydraulic support at the working surface are synchronously operated, the extension rods of the jack-moving jacks are retracted, and the back joists of the hydraulic supports are synchronously pulled forward by one step distance; each rear joist drives the front joist to synchronously move forward by one step distance through the corresponding connecting plate; in the forward moving process of the rear joist and the front joist, the front hanging scaffold and the rear hanging scaffold move relatively to the top beam along the sliding cavity; the rear joist and the front joist are respectively hung on the top beam through the rear hanging scaffold and the front hanging scaffold after moving forwards.
2. The method of use according to claim 1, wherein: in the coal mining process, when the coal is required to be discharged at the highest speed, the extension rod of the gangue blocking jack is completely retracted, and the gap height between the plugboard and the base is the highest at the moment, so that the coal discharge speed is the highest; the coal discharging speed is controlled by a worker by controlling the downward extending distance of the plugboard, and the lower the bottom end height of the plugboard is, the slower the coal discharging speed is;
after coal is discharged, a worker controls the extension rod of the gangue blocking jack to extend downwards to a limit position, and the inserting plate is downwards connected with the base at the moment, so that gangue is prevented from entering a working surface.
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