CN108547366A - A kind of method of arid biogeographic zone highway rainwater-collecting - Google Patents
A kind of method of arid biogeographic zone highway rainwater-collecting Download PDFInfo
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- CN108547366A CN108547366A CN201810366210.0A CN201810366210A CN108547366A CN 108547366 A CN108547366 A CN 108547366A CN 201810366210 A CN201810366210 A CN 201810366210A CN 108547366 A CN108547366 A CN 108547366A
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- collecting
- arid biogeographic
- biogeographic zone
- gutter
- rainwater
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of arid biogeographic zone highway rainwater-collecting, include the following steps：1）, according to the maximum drainage distance of run-off inverse gutter, excavate saucer type ecological side drain；2）, furrow bank it is smooth；3）, gutter bottom be laid with waterproof geotextiles；4）, backfill；5）, 5 8cm cobbles of paving single layer diameter；6）, spread grass-seed 7）, maintenance management.The present invention uses saucer type ecological side drain, line style smooth, gets close to naturally, section is reasonable, saves the area, anti-evaporating, salt resistance alkali, economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits are notable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rainwater utilization technology field, specially a kind of method of arid biogeographic zone highway rainwater-collecting.
Background technology
There is highway pavement water catchment efficiency height, the big advantage of area, the Colony culture for being particularly suitable for doing rainwater to collect rainwater.According to
Estimation, northwest Xinjiang, Inner Mongol, Gansu, Qinghai, five provinces and regions standard highway total kilometrage of Ningxia will reach 570,000 kilometers in the end of the year 2013,
Even if highway rainwater harvesting and utilization system conservative estimation, if can be on the highway pavement of 10,000 kilometers of semiarid region
To popularization and application, 1,400,000 cubes of rainwater harvesting or more (by rainfall 300mm, year collection rate 5% calculate) can be completed every year, is opened
It sends out potentiality and scale and benefit is huge.Obviously, without the participation of highway transportation industry, for China's rainwater harvesting technical system
It is sufficiently complete.According to the retrieval result of documents and materials, the research of highway rainwater utilization is seldom, lacks theory basis and sets
The research of meter technology, and the collection of arid biogeographic zone rainwater on road surface can then fill up the blank of this respect with the research of comprehensive utilization technique,
Thus there is an urgent need for carry out.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the insufficient defects of highway rainwater utilization of the prior art, provide one kind
The method of arid biogeographic zone highway rainwater-collecting.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
A kind of method of arid biogeographic zone highway rainwater-collecting, includes the following steps：
1), according to the maximum drainage distance of run-off inverse gutter, saucer type ecological side drain is excavated；
2), furrow bank is smooth；
3) waterproof geotextiles, are laid in gutter bottom；
4), backfill；
5) single layer diameter 5-8cm cobbles, are spread, playing prevents from eroding and reduce saline and alkaline effect.
6) grass-seed, is spread
7), maintenance management.
Further, the reserved 8~12cm manual amendments in the sideline of saucer type ecological side drain are disconnected to designing in the step 1)
Face size.
Further, the sundries that diameter is more than 2cm is removed when furrow bank is smooth in the step 2).Bottom of trench should smooth out neatly,
Without the apparent uneven or phenomenon that blocks water.Preferably, camber line is according to the streamlined excavation of projected depth.Geotextiles both sides respectively extend
20cm bound edges.
Further, waterproof geotextile laying is laid with from water outlet block-by-block to gutter starting point in the step 3), initiating terminal
Tiling is fixed with U-shaped nail, U-shaped nail horizontal spacing≤20cm, longitudinal pitch≤15cm.After initiating terminal is fixed, gauze pad is pulled out along ditch,
Geotextile laying should not be tightened too much or excessively loose, net bottom face should be close to bottom of trench, furrow bank without hanging pleat discount as.A roll has been laid with
Finish, longitudinal lap joint length is not less than 15cm, and the connector first spread is under, and the connector spread afterwards is in upper, guarantee connector smooth in water flow.Geotechnique
Cloth is often laid with certain length and to be fixed immediately, and the U-shaped nail that Bower Anchor nail is made using 8 millimeters of reinforcing bars of diameter, auxiliary holdfast is selected
The U-shaped steel nail and No. 8 U-shaped iron nails that 6 millimeters of diameter.When fixed, nail is close to furrow bank with geotextiles.
Further, after geotextiles are fixed, backfill is carried out using dry soot.Dry soot is cohesive soil, composite fertilizer or macerates
The abundant uniform mixing of system fertilizer, divides 2~3 times and manually sheds in geotextiles, and shed thickness control for the first time is advisable in 3~5cm, the
Secondary to shed 1~2cm, backfill is until natural subsidence.After shedding every time, spilt in the surface mechanical atomization for shedding soil horizon
Water makes the dry ground layer natural subsidence of backfill, and appropriate compacting is carried out after watering.It is required that the furrow bank after banketing is smooth, outside no geotextiles
Dew.
Further, the grass-seed in the step 6) be early annual bluegrass, red fescue, rye grass, reed it is one or more
Combination.The objective factors such as natural conditions, land occupation condition, soil types according to side slope select grass seeds and per square meter grass-seed amounts,
It can well be grown on furrow bank.
The advantageous effect that is reached of the present invention is：Using saucer type ecological side drain, line style is smooth, gets close to naturally, section closes
Reason, saves the area, anti-evaporating, salt resistance alkali.
The ecological benefits of the present invention are embodied in many aspects, and main includes increasing surface vegetation, improves miniclimate, increases water
Divide partial circulating, sand control, the increase soil organism, improvement soil aggregate structure, reduction water pollution, increase biocenological
Diversity etc..For highway, the scale of construction of rainwater utilization measure is limited, therefore main function is the plant for increasing earth's surface
Quilt and the desertification for reducing soil, wherein to increase surface vegetation as primary benefit.According to field investigation, arid biogeographic zone desert steppe
Biomass is 2~8t/hm2.According to minimum cross section area 2m2It calculates, takes the 8t/hm of the biomass of arid biogeographic zone desert steppe2, 1 is public
In highway (both sides) infiltration type ecology Tu Gou can increase biomass 3.2t.And the average biomass of desert steppe per acre is 450kg,
It converts like this, every 1 kilometer of highway infiltration type cobble grass ditch increases the biomass that biomass is equivalent to 7 mu of desert steppes, benefit ten newly
Divide notable.
Specific implementation mode
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described, it should be understood that preferred embodiment described herein is only used
In the description and interpretation present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment
It is side ditch shape by calculating the maximum drainage distance of design runoff amount inverse gutter for the demonstration pilot project of Ningxia
It chooses and reference is provided.It is below 1.5m with the wide B of gutter, bottom of trench longitudinal slope is 0.3% analysis saucer type ecological side drain water force
Process.
(1) rainfall duration：The confluence at design control point is taken to last rainfall duration, value is that water catchment area farthest point goes out to gutter
Slope concentration at the mouth of a river is lasted the sum of to last with the sewer pipe confluence in ditch.It is now assumed that rainfall duration is 10min.
(2) mean flow rate calculates in gutter, and the discharge capacity of saucer type ecological side drain is calculated by the shallow triangle cross-section of river.
Gutter discharge section area A=0.5 × 0.3 × 1.5=0.225m2
Gutter hydraulic radius R=A/ ρ=0.12m (ρ is cross-section of river wetted perimeter)
When side slope longitudinal slope is 0.3%, mean flow rate is that (n is that bottom of trench is coarse to v=n-1R2/3i1/2=0.38m/s in ditch
Coefficient；I is hydraulic gradient, chooses bottom of trench longitudinal slope).N takes rock in highway drainage design specification (JTG/TD33-2012) table 9.2.3
The bright ditch coefficient of roughness of stone matter.
(3) catchment area and average runoff coefficient：It is l to set out mouth of a river spacing, and the catchment area between two water outlets is by two
Part forms：A part is catchment area F1=14 × l of road surface range, and bituminous paving runoff coefficient takes Ψ 1=0.95, in addition
A part be roadbed slope catchment area F2=(3.9 × 1.5+1) × l (3.9m is slope height, and 1.5 be slope gradient, 1
For side slope slope foot to gutter distance), side slope surface runoff coefficient takes Ψ 2=0.3, Ψ 2 to take highway drainage design specification (JTG/T
D33-2012) table 9.1.8 middle coarse grained soils slope surface and curb runoff coefficient.
Total catchment area is F=20.85 × l × 10-6km2
Average runoff coefficient Ψ=(F1 × Ψ 1+F2 × Ψ 2)/F=0.74
(4) Designed recurrence period and rainfall intensity：It is high according to the regulation of highway drainage design specification (JTG/T D33-2012)
The fast highway road circle inner slope draining return period is 15 years.
By highway location, highway drainage design specification (JTG/T D33-2012), 5 years Designed recurrence period 10min are looked into
Return period conversion coefficient when the rainfall intensity of rainfall duration is q5,10=1.4mm/min, 15 years Designed recurrence periods is cp=
1.72,60min rainfall intensity conversion coefficients are c60=0.4, and 10min rainfall duration conversion coefficients are c10=1.0.Therefore heavy rain
Intensity is：Q=cp × c10 × q5,10=1.72 × 1.0 × 1.4=2.4mm/min.
(5) maximum drainage distance when bottom of trench longitudinal slope is 0.3% calculates, according to road Drainage Design specification (JTG/T D33-
2012), design runoff amount is：QF=16.67 × 0.74 × 20.85 Q=16.67 Ψ × l × 2.4 × 10-6m3/s。
When gradient incline is 0.3%, the discharging capacity of gutter is Qc=A × v=0.085m3/s
Gutter discharging capacity has to be larger than its design runoff amount, i.e. Qc>Q, then when gradient incline is 0.3%, it is maximum
Drainage distance l=131m.
(6) examine confluence to last hypothesis：Consist of two parts because confluence is lasted, a part is that bituminous paving confluence is lasted
T11, another part are that roadbed slope confluence lasts t12, and the two is added.
1. bituminous paving confluence is lasted：
The rugosity coefficient of bituminous paving is m1=0.013, table in highway drainage design specification (JTG/T D33-2012)
9.1.4, road surface horizontal slope is is=0.015, and overland flow length is Ls=14m, and bituminous paving confluence can be calculated and be lasted for：
T11=1.74min.
2. roadbed slope confluence is lasted：
The earth's surface rugosity coefficient of roadbed side slope is m2=0.04, and slope surface horizontal slope is is=0.667, the high 3.9m in slope, overland flow
Length Ls=8.03m can be calculated roadbed side slope slope concentration and last t12=0.93min.
3. confluence is lasted in ditch：
According to front result of calculation, mean flow rate v=0.38m/s in ditch, it is assumed that water outlet spacing (torrent separation) l is
When 131m, confluence in ditch can be obtained and last t2=l/ (60 × v)=131/ (60 × 0.38)=5.8min.
4. confluence is examined to last hypothesis：
It obtains always converging and is lasted for t=t11+t12+t2=1.74+0.93+5.8=8.5min<10min is (assuming that rainfall is gone through
When), it meets the requirements.
According to the above water force process, (0.1%-0.6%) 1.5m under the conditions of each gradient incline of the highway is calculated
Mean flow rate in the maximum drainage distance (i.e. water outlet distance) and corresponding discharging capacity and ditch of wide saucer type gutter.Similarly,
When calculating saucer type gutter width is 2m, in the maximum drainage distance and corresponding discharging capacity and ditch under the conditions of various gradient inclines
Mean flow rate.Obtain 1,1.5 meters of table and it is 2.0 meters wide when correspond to different longitudinal slope conditions, corresponding discharging capacity, mean flow rate and
Water outlet spacing.
1 saucer type ecological side drain maximum drainage distance 1.5m wide (2.0m wide) of table
| Gradient incline (%) | Discharging capacity (m3/s) | Mean flow rate (m3/s) | Water outlet spacing (m) |
| 0.1 | 0.049(0.079) | 0.218(0.264) | 76(116) |
| 0.15 | 0.060(0.097) | 0.267(0.323) | 93(142) |
| 0.2 | 0.069(0.112) | 0.308(0.373) | 107(164) |
| 0.3 | 0.085(0.137) | 0.377(0.457) | 131(201) |
| 0.4 | 0.098(0.158) | 0.436(0.528) | 152(232) |
| 0.5 | 0.110(0.177) | 0.487(0.590) | 170(259) |
| 0.6 | 0.120(0.194) | 0.533(0.647) | 186(284) |
(7) maximum drainage distance when different gradient inclines：When gradient incline is different numerical value, as can be known from the above table, with
The maximum drainage distance of the increase of gradient incline, gutter is also increasing.
According to result of calculation, 1.5m wide saucer type gutter water outlet spacing and bottom of trench longitudinal slope relation curve are obtained.In the public affairs
Under the design condition of road, maximum water outlet distance and the relationship of bottom of trench longitudinal slope are：Y=240.08X0.5.It, can basis when gutter designs
Each gradient incline calculates the gutter water outlet spacing of respective stretch, to be arranged to gutter.
According to result of calculation, 2.0m wide saucer type gutter water outlet spacing and bottom of trench longitudinal slope relation curve are obtained.Maximum goes out
Water distance is from the relationship with bottom of trench longitudinal slope：Y=366.54X0.5。
According to above-mentioned calculating structure, saucer type ecological side drain is excavated；Passing through successively --- furrow bank is smooth-it is spread in gutter bottom
Water geotextiles-backfill of setting up defences-paving single layer diameter 5-8cm cobbles-spreads grass-seed-maintenance management.Mix-seed-rate is：Annual bluegrass 4g/
m2, red fescue 2g/m2, rye grass 1g/m2。
Finally it should be noted that：The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used
With technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of arid biogeographic zone highway rainwater-collecting, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1）, according to the maximum drainage distance of run-off inverse gutter, excavate saucer type ecological side drain；
2）, furrow bank it is smooth；
3）, gutter bottom be laid with waterproof geotextiles；
4）, backfill；
5）, paving single layer diameter 5-8cm cobbles；
6）, spread grass-seed
7）, maintenance management.
2. the method for arid biogeographic zone highway rainwater-collecting as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1）Middle saucer type
8~12cm manual amendments are reserved to design section size in the sideline of ecological side drain.
3. the method for arid biogeographic zone highway rainwater-collecting as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 2）Middle furrow bank is flat
The sundries that diameter is more than 2cm is removed when whole.
4. the method for arid biogeographic zone highway rainwater-collecting as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 3）In anti-water and soil
Work cloth is laid with from water outlet block-by-block to gutter starting point and is laid with, and initiating terminal tiling is fixed with U-shaped nail, U-shaped nail horizontal spacing≤20cm,
Longitudinal pitch≤15cm.
5. the method for arid biogeographic zone highway rainwater-collecting as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 4）Middle viscosity
Soil, composite fertilizer or the abundant uniform mixing of retting fertilizer, divide 2~3 times and manually shed in geotextiles.
6. the method for arid biogeographic zone highway rainwater-collecting as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the step 4）Middle first time
The thickness control shed is in 3~5cm, and the thickness shed for the second time is 1~2cm, and backfill sheds finish every time until natural subsidence
Afterwards, in the surface mechanical atomization watering for shedding soil horizon, make the dry ground layer natural subsidence of backfill, appropriate compacting carried out after watering,
Furrow bank after banketing is smooth, and no geotextiles are exposed.
7. the method for arid biogeographic zone highway rainwater-collecting as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 6）In grass-seed
For one or more combinations of annual bluegrass, red fescue, rye grass, reed.
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| CN107100227A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-08-29 | 贵州建工集团第建筑工程有限责任公司 | A kind of pergola on the city road LID biologies are detained ditch construction method |
| CN206467526U (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-09-05 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of sloping upland agricultural ecological road canal |
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2018
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20170232487A1 (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2017-08-17 | Lite Earth Llc | Manufactured composite having synthetic vegetation and impermeable geomembrane, and capping system using same |
| CN202954277U (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2013-05-29 | 永业建工集团有限公司 | Three-dimensional geonet ecological roadbed side ditch |
| CN205242205U (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-05-18 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Highway drainage ditch |
| CN206467526U (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-09-05 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of sloping upland agricultural ecological road canal |
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Application publication date: 20180918 |