CN108545710B - Preparation method of industrial nitric acid - Google Patents
Preparation method of industrial nitric acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN108545710B CN108545710B CN201810393687.8A CN201810393687A CN108545710B CN 108545710 B CN108545710 B CN 108545710B CN 201810393687 A CN201810393687 A CN 201810393687A CN 108545710 B CN108545710 B CN 108545710B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/20—Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof
- C01B21/38—Nitric acid
- C01B21/40—Preparation by absorption of oxides of nitrogen
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nitric acid preparation, and particularly relates to an industrial nitric acid preparation method which comprises the steps of one to seven, and the steps of four, five and six are matched for absorbing nitrogen dioxide by distilled water; step seven, absorbing nitrogen dioxide after the reaction is finished; the absorption device adopted by the method comprises an absorption tower, a cooling device and an air pressure stirring device; the sieve plate divides the absorption tower into a plurality of absorption layers, and an air pressure stirring device is arranged in each absorption layer; a cooling device is arranged outside the absorption tower; the air pressure stirring device comprises a telescopic unit and a stirring unit, wherein the stirring unit is used for crushing bubbles in the absorption layer and accelerating the dissolution of air. The invention mainly utilizes water to carry out absorption reaction on the nitrogen dioxide gas, can improve the preparation efficiency of the nitric acid and reduce the pollution of the nitrogen dioxide to the air.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nitric acid production equipment, and particularly relates to a preparation method of industrial nitric acid.
Background
At present, an absorption tower is industrial equipment for absorbing nitrogen dioxide or liquid, has wide application, and adopts absorption operation in production processes of chemical industry, coatings, paints, medical intermediates and the like. In the nitric acid industry, nitrogen dioxide gas generated by the reaction of ammonia and air enters the bottom of an absorption tower, distilled water flows from top to bottom from the top of the absorption tower and reversely contacts with rising nitrogen dioxide to perform chemical reaction to generate nitric acid solution, and the absorption process belongs to an exothermic chemical reaction process. According to the chemical thermodynamics related principle, the reaction heat in the tower needs to be removed out of the equipment in time, so that the nitrogen dioxide absorption efficiency of the absorption tower can be improved. At present, the domestic nitric acid absorption tower adopts cooling coils at the middle part and the lower part of the absorption tower to remove heat, the heat removing effect cannot reach a good state, and the defects of low nitrogen dioxide absorption efficiency, low nitric acid concentration, high nitrogen dioxide content in tail gas of the absorption tower and the like exist.
Also appear nitric acid absorbing device's technical scheme among the prior art, chinese patent as application number 201521109738.8 discloses a nitric acid absorption tower, including the tower body, set up the air inlet of tower body lower part is seted up the nitric acid export of tower body bottom is seted up the mouth of a river of distillation is advanced at the tower body top is seted up the gas outlet of advancing distillation mouth of a river one side is installed the multilayer sieve at tower body middle part and the cooling system who alternates and install on every layer of sieve plate, cooling system includes that top-down sets gradually low temperature cooling nest of tubes, medium temperature cooling nest of tubes and high temperature cooling nest of tubes. Although the technical scheme can cool the distilled water in the absorption tower, the technical scheme can not crush the bubbles in the absorption tower, so that the nitrogen dioxide in the bubbles can not be fully dissolved and reacted; so that the use of the invention is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an industrial nitric acid preparation method, and the invention mainly utilizes distilled water to carry out absorption reaction on nitrogen dioxide, thereby improving the preparation efficiency of nitric acid and reducing the pollution of nitrogen dioxide to air. The absorption of the distilled water to the nitrogen dioxide is realized through the mutual matching of the fourth step to the sixth step; meanwhile, the stirring disc and the stirring part in the air pressure stirring device are matched with each other, so that the bubbles in the absorption tower are crushed, and the nitrogen dioxide in the bubbles is fully dissolved; the production efficiency of the nitric acid is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention provides a preparation method of industrial nitric acid, which adopts an absorption device, wherein the absorption device comprises an absorption tower, a cooling device and a pneumatic stirring device, a plurality of layers of sieve plates are arranged in the absorption tower, and the sieve plates divide the absorption tower into a plurality of absorption layers; a liquid supply pipe is arranged between every two adjacent absorption layers in the plurality of absorption layers; the absorption tower is internally provided with an air pressure stirring device which is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the absorption tower through a fixing block, and the air pressure stirring device takes air flow in the absorption tower as power and is used for fully absorbing nitrogen dioxide in the absorption tower; the absorption tower is characterized in that a cooling device is arranged on the outer side of the absorption tower, the cooling device is fixedly connected with the absorption tower through a fixing plate, an air vent and a first water inlet are formed in the top of the absorption tower, an air inlet and a liquid outlet are formed in the bottom of the absorption tower, a first liquid through hole is formed in the side wall of the absorption tower, the first liquid through hole is used for being matched with a liquid supply pipe to use and conveying distilled water in absorption layers to the cooling device, and the absorption layers are twenty-three and used for fully absorbing nitrogen dioxide gas by the distilled water; when the absorption tower works, nitrogen dioxide gas is dissolved in a water area, each absorption layer is provided with a distilled water control system, the distilled water control system is used for enabling the liquid level height of the absorption layer to tend to be stable, a gas pressure stirring device arranged in each absorption layer is matched with distilled water to accelerate the reaction efficiency of the nitrogen dioxide gas in the distilled water, and a cooling device arranged outside the absorption tower is used for reducing the temperature in the absorption tower, so that the nitrogen dioxide absorption efficiency of the absorption tower is improved;
the pneumatic stirring device comprises a stirring unit and a telescopic unit, wherein the telescopic unit comprises a shield, a rotating shaft, a sliding telescopic rod and a spring; the baffle cover is fixedly and symmetrically installed on the fixed block in a seamless mode through a sliding telescopic rod, a spring is sleeved on the outer side of the sliding telescopic rod, the rotating shaft is fixedly installed in the middle of the baffle cover, and the stirring unit is rotatably connected with the telescopic unit through the rotating shaft; during the during operation, nitrogen dioxide gas enters into the absorbed layer from an inlet port, and mobile nitrogen dioxide is arranged in making the fender of absorbed layer cover reciprocating motion, and at this moment, reciprocating motion's agitator disk and distilled water take place the effect in vertical direction for make the agitator disk make rotation motion, thereby realize nitrogen dioxide and distilled water intensive mixing, and then improved the reaction efficiency of nitrogen dioxide and distilled water, and undissolved nitrogen dioxide gas enters into next absorbed layer through the crack between sieve and the fixed block.
The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: heating the oxidation furnace, and introducing ammonia and a catalyst into the oxidation furnace to react when the temperature of the oxidation furnace reaches 860 ℃; the temperature is controlled at 860 ℃, the reaction synthesis rate is accelerated, and the concentration of nitric oxide is improved;
step two: collecting nitric oxide generated in the step one, and cooling the collected nitric oxide to room temperature;
step three: introducing the nitric oxide in the step two into a reaction kettle filled with oxygen for mixing; in the second step, the collected nitric oxide gas is cooled to room temperature, so that the reaction is not violent in the reaction process of nitric oxide and oxygen, explosion is avoided, and meanwhile, nitric oxide is introduced into a reaction kettle filled with oxygen, so that the sufficient reaction of nitric oxide is ensured;
step four: delivering water to an absorption unit;
step five: step four, after two hours, introducing the nitrogen dioxide gas collected in the step three into an absorption device; conveying industrial nitrogen dioxide gas to a gas inlet of an absorption tower; step four, matching with step five to enable the absorption layers in the absorption tower to store equal amount of water, wherein nitrogen dioxide gas is absorbed and dissolved by the absorption layers from bottom to top in sequence, and nitric acid solution at the lowest layer in the absorption tower is collected through a liquid outlet;
step six: cooling the absorption device twenty minutes after the fifth step; with the introduction of industrial nitrogen dioxide, the temperature of distilled water in the absorption tower is gradually increased; step six, the distilled water in the absorption tower can be cooled, so that the absorption efficiency of the step six on the nitrogen dioxide is improved;
step seven: when no nitrogen dioxide is continuously introduced in the sixth step, stopping conveying distilled water to the absorption device and stopping cooling the absorption device twenty-five minutes later; when the nitric acid absorption is finished, closing the air inlet; after twenty-five minutes, closing the first liquid through port and stopping cooling the cooling device; and seventhly, fully absorbing the residual nitrogen dioxide in the absorption tower to prevent the nitrogen dioxide from polluting the atmosphere.
Preferably, the cooling device comprises an infusion unit and a cooling unit, wherein the infusion unit comprises a cooling cylinder, a first partition plate and a first water pipe; the two first partition plates are fixedly, seamlessly and symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the cooling cylinder; a plurality of first water pipes are connected between the two first partition plates; the cooling unit is positioned between the two first partition plates and used for cooling the first water pipe; during the during operation, during distilled water in the absorbed layer entered into the cooling cylinder through a liquid through hole, feed pipe, during a plurality of water pipes of rethread entered into the cooling unit, a plurality of water pipes were arranged in the distilled water to among the cooling device and shunted, had increased the cooling area of cooling unit to a water pipe to absorption tower absorption efficiency has been accelerated.
Preferably, the cooling unit comprises a plurality of second baffles and bidirectional spiral plates; the second partition plates are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the cooling cylinder and are used for equally dividing the space between the first partition plates of the cooling cylinder into a plurality of cooling layers; the bidirectional spiral plate is used for guiding cooling liquid in the cooling layer; a second water inlet hole is formed in the surface of each second clapboard in the second clapboards, and the second water inlet hole is matched with the first water pipe for use; during operation, the coolant liquid flows in a plurality of cooling layers according to from up order down in proper order, and the coolant liquid all flows along the direction spiral of two-way spiral board in every cooling layer, and two-way spiral board is used for making the coolant liquid at the uniform velocity flow, has increased the cooling area of a water pipe and cooling unit to nitrogen dioxide's absorption efficiency has been improved.
Preferably, the stirring unit comprises a stirring disc, a rotating block and a stirring component, the rotating block is fixedly installed in the middle of the stirring disc, a plurality of chutes are formed in the stirring disc, and the plurality of chutes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the stirring disc; the stirring component comprises a crushing plate and a mounting seat, the crushing plate is hinged with the stirring component through the mounting seat, and the mounting seat is used for controlling the activity of the crushing plate; when in work; distilled water strikes the chute inside the stirring disc, so that the stirring power obtained by the stirring unit drives the stirring unit to perform circular motion, the hinged connection of the mounting seat and the crushing plate increases the puncture of the cone to the bubbles, the crushing effect is improved, and the absorption efficiency of nitrogen dioxide is improved.
Preferably, the section of the crushing plate is a quarter circle, and the curved surface of the crushing plate is provided with a conical needle; during operation, the conical shape is used for puncturing bubbles, so that the dissolving efficiency of the nitrogen dioxide in the distilled water is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to a preparation method of industrial nitric acid, which comprises a first step, a second step and a third step, wherein the fourth step is matched with the fifth step to ensure that each absorption layer in an absorption tower stores equal amount of water for absorbing nitrogen dioxide; step five, the water temperature in each layer of the absorption tower can be cooled by matching with the step six, so that the nitrogen dioxide can be conveniently absorbed by the water; the seventh step is used for absorbing the nitrogen dioxide after the reaction is finished; when no nitrogen dioxide gas is introduced into the absorption tower, water in the absorption tower continuously flows for twenty-five minutes, and nitrogen dioxide remained in the tower body can be effectively absorbed, so that the pollution to the environment is reduced.
2. The device comprises an absorption tower, a cooling device and an air pressure stirring device, wherein the cooling device is used for cooling distilled water; be equipped with infusion unit and cooling unit among the cooling device, the cooling unit includes two-way spiral board and a plurality of No. two baffles, two-way spiral board is used for increasing the mobile stroke of coolant liquid, and the cooperation between a plurality of No. two baffles and two-way spiral board has increased the cooling space, has improved the cooling effect of distilled water to improve nitrogen dioxide dissolving efficiency.
3. According to the preparation method of the industrial nitric acid, the telescopic unit in the air pressure stirring device comprises the blocking cover, the mounting shaft, the sliding telescopic rod and the spring, nitrogen dioxide entering the absorption layer through the air inlet hole and used for enabling the blocking cover of the absorption layer to reciprocate increase the contact between distilled water and the nitrogen dioxide, and therefore the efficiency of dissolving the nitrogen dioxide by the distilled water is improved.
4. According to the method for preparing the industrial nitric acid, the plurality of chutes are arranged in the rotating disc, the chutes are impacted by distilled water to generate kinetic energy to drive the stirring part to move circularly, and the cones arranged on the curved surface of the crushing plate crush the bubbles, so that the efficiency of dissolving nitrogen dioxide in the distilled water is improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an absorbent device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view D-D of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view E-E of FIG. 3;
in the figure: the absorption tower 1, the cooling device 2, the pneumatic stirring device 3, the vent hole 11, the first water inlet 12, the air inlet 13, the liquid outlet 14, the first liquid through hole 15, the liquid supply pipe 16, the sieve plate 17, the absorption layer 18, the stirring unit 31, the telescopic unit 32, the shield 321, the rotating shaft 322, the sliding telescopic rod 323, the spring 324, the infusion unit 21, the cooling unit 22, the cooling cylinder 211, the first partition plate 212, the first water pipe 213, the second partition plate 221, the bidirectional spiral plate 222, the cooling layer 223, the second water inlet 224, the stirring disc 311, the rotating block 312, the stirring part 313, the crushing plate 3131, the mounting seat 3132, the chute 314 and the taper needle 3133.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the industrial nitric acid production method of the present invention adopts an absorption device, the absorption device comprises an absorption tower 1, a cooling device 2 and a pneumatic stirring device 3, a plurality of layers of sieve plates 17 are arranged inside the absorption tower 1, and the sieve plates 17 divide the absorption tower 1 into a plurality of absorption layers 18; a liquid supply pipe 16 is arranged between two adjacent absorption layers 18 in the plurality of absorption layers 18; the absorption tower is characterized in that an air pressure stirring device 3 is arranged inside the absorption tower 1, the air pressure stirring device 3 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the absorption tower 1 through a fixing block, and the air pressure stirring device 3 takes air flow in the absorption tower 1 as power and is used for fully absorbing nitrogen dioxide in the absorption tower 1; the absorption tower is characterized in that a cooling device 2 is arranged on the outer side of the absorption tower 1, the cooling device 2 is fixedly connected with the absorption tower 1 through a fixing plate, a vent hole 11 and a first water inlet 12 are formed in the top of the absorption tower 1, an air inlet 13 and a liquid outlet 14 are formed in the bottom of the absorption tower 1, a first liquid through hole 15 is formed in the side wall of the absorption tower 1, the first liquid through hole 15 is used for being matched with a liquid supply pipe 16 to use and conveying distilled water in an absorption layer 18 to the cooling device 2, and the absorption layers 18 are twenty-three in number and used for fully absorbing nitrogen dioxide gas by the distilled water; when the absorption tower works, the absorption tower 1 is an area where nitrogen dioxide gas is dissolved in water, each absorption layer 18 is provided with a distilled water control system, the distilled water control system is used for enabling the liquid level height of each absorption layer 18 to tend to be stable, the air pressure stirring devices 3 arranged in each absorption layer 18 are matched with distilled water to accelerate the reaction efficiency of the nitrogen dioxide gas in the distilled water, and the cooling devices 2 on the outer side of the absorption tower 1 are used for reducing the temperature in the absorption tower 1, so that the nitrogen dioxide absorption efficiency of the absorption tower 1 is improved;
the pneumatic stirring device 3 comprises a stirring unit 31 and a telescopic unit 32, wherein the telescopic unit 32 comprises a shield 321, a rotating shaft 322, a sliding telescopic rod 323 and a spring 324; the baffle cover 321 is seamlessly and symmetrically fixedly arranged on the fixed block through a sliding telescopic rod 323, a spring 324 is sleeved outside the sliding telescopic rod 323, the rotating shaft 322 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the baffle cover 321, and the stirring unit 31 and the telescopic unit 32 are rotatably connected through the rotating shaft 322; during operation, nitrogen dioxide gas enters into the absorbing layer 18 from the first air inlet hole 13, and flowing nitrogen dioxide is used for making the baffle cover 321 reciprocating motion of the absorbing layer 18, at the moment, the stirring disc 311 reciprocating motion in the vertical direction and distilled water act on each other for making the stirring disc 311 rotate, so that the nitrogen dioxide and the distilled water are fully mixed, the reaction efficiency of the nitrogen dioxide and the distilled water is improved, and undissolved nitrogen dioxide gas enters into the next absorbing layer 18 through a gap between the sieve plate 17 and the fixed block.
The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: heating the oxidation furnace, and introducing ammonia and a catalyst into the oxidation furnace to react when the temperature of the oxidation furnace reaches 860 ℃; the temperature is controlled at 860 ℃, the reaction synthesis rate is accelerated, and the concentration of nitric oxide is improved;
step two: collecting nitric oxide generated in the step one, and cooling the collected nitric oxide to room temperature;
step three: introducing the nitric oxide in the step two into a reaction kettle filled with oxygen for mixing; in the second step, the collected nitric oxide gas is cooled to room temperature, so that the reaction is not violent in the reaction process of nitric oxide and oxygen, explosion is avoided, and meanwhile, nitric oxide is introduced into a reaction kettle filled with oxygen, so that the sufficient reaction of nitric oxide is ensured;
step four: delivering water to an absorption unit;
step five: step four, after two hours, introducing the nitrogen dioxide gas collected in the step three into an absorption device; conveying industrial nitrogen dioxide gas into a gas inlet 13 of the absorption tower 1; step four, matching with step five to enable the absorption layers 18 in the absorption tower 1 to store equal amounts of water, the nitrogen dioxide gas is sequentially absorbed and dissolved by the absorption layers 18 from bottom to top, and the nitric acid solution at the lowest layer in the absorption tower 1 is collected through the liquid discharge port 14;
step six: cooling the absorption device twenty minutes after the fifth step; with the introduction of industrial nitrogen dioxide, the temperature of distilled water in the absorption tower is gradually increased; step six, the distilled water in the absorption tower can be cooled, so that the absorption efficiency of the step six on the nitrogen dioxide is improved;
step seven: when no nitrogen dioxide is continuously introduced in the sixth step, stopping conveying distilled water to the absorption device and stopping cooling the absorption device twenty-five minutes later; when the nitric acid absorption is completed, the air inlet 13 is closed; after twenty-five minutes, closing the first liquid through port 15 and stopping cooling the cooling device 2; step seven, the residual nitrogen dioxide in the absorption tower 1 is fully absorbed, so that the nitrogen dioxide is prevented from polluting the atmosphere;
as an embodiment of the present invention, the cooling device 2 includes a liquid feeding unit 21 and a cooling unit 22, the liquid feeding unit 21 includes a cooling cylinder 211, a first partition 212, and a first water pipe 213; two first partition plates 212 are fixedly, seamlessly and symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the cooling cylinder 211; a plurality of first water pipes 213 are connected between the two first partition plates 212; the cooling unit 22 is positioned between the two first partition plates 212, and the cooling unit 22 is used for cooling the first water pipe 213; during the operation, the distilled water in the absorbed layer 18 enters into cooling cylinder 211 through a liquid through hole 15, feed pipe 16, and during a plurality of water pipes 213 entered into cooling unit 22, a plurality of water pipes 213 were arranged in the distilled water to the cooling device 2 and shunted, had increased the cooling area of cooling unit 22 to a water pipe 213 to absorption tower 1 absorption efficiency has been accelerated.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the cooling unit 22 includes a plurality of second partition plates 221 and a bidirectional spiral plate 222; the second partition plates 221 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cooling cylinder 211 and are used for equally dividing the space between the first partition plates 212 of the cooling cylinder 211 into a plurality of cooling layers 223; the bidirectional spiral plate 222 is used for guiding cooling liquid in the cooling layer 223; a second water inlet hole 224 is formed in the surface of each second clapboard in the second clapboards 221, and the second water inlet hole 224 is matched with the first water pipe 213 for use; during operation, the coolant liquid flows in a plurality of cooling layers 223 in proper order from bottom to top, and the coolant liquid all flows along the direction spiral of two-way spiral board 222 in every cooling layer 223, and two-way spiral board 222 is used for making the coolant liquid at the uniform velocity flow, has increased the cooling area of a water pipe and cooling unit 22 to the absorption efficiency of nitrogen dioxide has been improved.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the stirring unit 31 includes a stirring disc 311, a rotating block 312 and a stirring member 313, the rotating block 312 is fixedly installed at a middle portion of the stirring disc 311, a plurality of inclined slots 314 are provided inside the stirring disc 311, and the plurality of inclined slots 314 are uniformly distributed along a circumferential direction of the stirring disc 311; the stirring component 313 comprises a crushing plate 3131 and a mounting seat 3132, the crushing plate 3131 is hinged to the stirring component 313 through the mounting seat 3132, and the mounting seat 3132 is used for controlling the movement of the crushing plate 3131; in operation, distilled water impacts the chute 314 inside the stirring disc 311, so that the stirring power obtained by the stirring unit 31 drives the stirring unit 31 to perform circular motion, and the hinged connection of the mounting seat 3132 and the crushing plate 3131 increases the puncture of the conical needle 3133 to the air bubbles, thereby improving the crushing effect and the absorption efficiency of nitrogen dioxide.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the crushing plate 3131 has a quarter-circular cross-section, and the curved surface of the crushing plate 3131 is provided with a tapered needle 3133; during operation, the conical needle 3133 punctures the air bubbles, so that the dissolving efficiency of the nitrogen dioxide in the distilled water is improved.
During the use, continuously carry the inside to tower body 1 through a water inlet 12 with distilled water, during distilled water enters into cooling device 2 through feed pipe 16, the coolant liquid is at the uniform velocity according to the spiral direction of two-way spiral board 222 and flows, makes every cooling layer fully contact with a water pipe 213. Then, the cooled distilled water enters the next absorption layer through the liquid supply pipe 16, and so on, so that each absorption layer 18 has the same amount of distilled water; carry industrial nitrogen dioxide gas to absorption tower 1 inside through air inlet 13, gaseous from up getting into in proper order the absorbed layer 18 down, mobile nitrogen dioxide is arranged in making the fender cover 321 reciprocating motion of absorbed layer 18, at this moment, reciprocating motion's agitator disk 311 and distilled water take place the effect at vertical direction, be used for making agitator disk 311 make rotation motion, conical needle 3133 in the stirring board carries out the breakage to the bubble during the motion, thereby realize nitrogen dioxide and distilled water intensive mixing, and then improved the reaction efficiency of nitrogen dioxide and distilled water, and undissolved nitrogen dioxide enters next absorbed layer 18 through the crack between sieve 17 and the fixed block. The gas is absorbed layer by layer from bottom to top, and finally the gas is discharged through the vent 11; meanwhile, the nitric acid solution in the absorption tower 1 is collected through the liquid discharge port 14.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of industrial nitric acid is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: heating the oxidation furnace, and introducing ammonia and a catalyst into the oxidation furnace to react when the temperature of the oxidation furnace reaches 860 ℃;
step two: collecting nitric oxide generated in the step one, and cooling the collected nitric oxide to room temperature;
step three: introducing the nitric oxide gas in the step two into a reaction kettle filled with oxygen for mixing;
step four: delivering water to an absorption unit;
step five: step four, after two hours, introducing the nitrogen dioxide gas collected in the step three into an absorption device;
step six: cooling the absorption device twenty minutes after the fifth step;
step seven: when no nitrogen dioxide is continuously introduced in the sixth step, stopping conveying distilled water to the absorption device and stopping cooling the absorption device twenty-five minutes later;
the absorption device comprises an absorption tower (1), a cooling device (2) and a pneumatic stirring device (3), wherein a plurality of layers of sieve plates (17) are arranged in the absorption tower (1), and the sieve plates (17) divide the absorption tower (1) into a plurality of absorption layers (18); a liquid supply pipe (16) is arranged between two adjacent absorption layers (18) in the plurality of absorption layers (18); the absorption tower is characterized in that an air pressure stirring device (3) is arranged in the absorption tower (1), the air pressure stirring device (3) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the absorption tower (1) through a fixed block, and the air pressure stirring device (3) is used for fully absorbing nitrogen dioxide in the absorption tower (1) by taking air flow in the absorption tower (1) as power; the absorption tower is characterized in that a cooling device (2) is arranged on the outer side of the absorption tower (1), the cooling device (2) is fixedly connected with the absorption tower (1) through a fixing plate, a vent hole (11) and a first water inlet (12) are formed in the top of the absorption tower (1), an air inlet (13) and a liquid outlet (14) are formed in the bottom of the absorption tower (1), a first liquid through hole (15) is formed in the side wall of the absorption tower (1), the first liquid through hole (15) is used for being matched with a liquid supply pipe (16) to use and conveying water of an absorption layer (18) to the cooling device (2), and the number of the absorption layers (18) is twenty-three;
the pneumatic stirring device (3) comprises a stirring unit (31) and a telescopic unit (32), wherein the telescopic unit (32) comprises a shield cover (321), a rotating shaft (322), a sliding telescopic rod (323) and a spring (324); keep off cover (321) through the seamless symmetry fixed mounting of slip telescopic link (323) on the fixed block, slip telescopic link (323) outside cover is equipped with spring (324), axis of rotation (322) fixed mounting is in the middle part of keeping off cover (321), stirring unit (31) rotates through axis of rotation (322) with flexible unit (32) and is connected.
2. A process for producing industrial nitric acid according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling device (2) comprises a liquid conveying unit (21) and a cooling unit (22), wherein the liquid conveying unit (21) comprises a cooling cylinder (211), a first partition plate (212) and a first water pipe (213); two first partition plates (212) are fixedly, seamlessly and symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the cooling cylinder (211); a plurality of first water pipes (213) are connected between the two first partition plates (212); the cooling unit (22) is located between the two first partition plates (212), and the cooling unit (22) is used for cooling the first water pipe (213).
3. A process for producing industrial nitric acid according to claim 2, wherein: the cooling unit (22) comprises a plurality of second baffles (221) and bidirectional spiral plates (222); the second baffles (221) are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the cooling cylinder (211) and are used for equally dividing the space between the first baffles (212) of the cooling cylinder (211) into a plurality of cooling layers (223); the bidirectional spiral plate (222) is used for guiding cooling liquid in the cooling layer (223); no. two inlet openings (224) are formed in the surface of each No. two partition plate (221) in the second partition plates (221), and the No. two inlet openings (224) are matched with the first water pipe (213) for use.
4. A process for producing industrial nitric acid according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring unit (31) comprises a stirring disc (311), a rotating block (312) and a stirring component (313), wherein the rotating block (312) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the stirring disc (311), a plurality of inclined grooves (314) are formed in the stirring disc (311), and the inclined grooves are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the stirring disc (311); the stirring component (313) comprises a crushing plate (3131) and a mounting seat (3132), the crushing plate (3131) is hinged with the stirring component (313) through the mounting seat (3132), and the mounting seat (3132) is used for controlling the movement of the crushing plate (3131).
5. A process for producing industrial nitric acid according to claim 4, wherein: the section of the crushing plate (3131) is a quarter circle, and a conical needle (3133) is arranged on the curved surface of the crushing plate (3131).
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| CN101112977A (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-30 | 山东联合化工股份有限公司 | Nitric oxide wet process oxidation technology |
| CN104555954A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2015-04-29 | 丹阳恒安化学科技研究所有限公司 | Production technology of nitric acid |
| CN106698368A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-05-24 | 青岛森美克化工技术有限公司 | Nitric oxide wet oxidation process |
| CN106744746A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-05-31 | 交城县金兰化工有限公司 | A kind of nitric acid preparation method of environment-friendly high-efficiency |
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