CN108544691B

CN108544691B - Equipment for separating light plastics from household garbage

Info

Publication number: CN108544691B
Application number: CN201810362389.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张秋艳; 王楠; 安良梅; 张如江; 任军方; 程洋
Original assignee: Qingdao Fuchuang Environment Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Qingdao Fuchuang Environment Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-04-21
Filing date: 2018-04-21
Publication date: 2020-09-11
Anticipated expiration: 2038-04-21
Also published as: CN108544691A

Abstract

An apparatus for separating light plastics from domestic garbage comprises a main body structure, wherein a separation cleaning cavity is arranged in the main body structure, a feed hopper device is arranged at the front end of the separation cleaning cavity, a discharging device is arranged at the rear end of the separation cleaning cavity, a plastic separating device and a cleaning device are respectively arranged in the front and at the rear of the separation cleaning cavity, the plastic separating device and the cleaning device respectively comprise a rotating shaft and a shifting piece, at least three blades are uniformly distributed on the rotating shafts of the separating device and the cleaning device, and local openings are formed in the bottoms of the blades; the two ends of the blade are fixed with baffle plates larger than the diameter of the rotating shaft, and the poking plate shaft is inclined by 3-15 degrees from the normal direction of the center. The invention solves the problems that the plastic in the existing household garbage can not be separated out, the degradation is difficult and the environment is polluted; the disadvantage of great pollution is brought when mixed burning; the plastic sorted by the invention is clean and free from peculiar smell and impurities, and can be directly sold and manufactured into plastic particles and wood-plastic boards.

Description

Equipment for separating light plastics from household garbage

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of household garbage treatment, in particular to environment-friendly treatment equipment for recycling, cleanly sorting and separating light plastics, particularly plastic parts which are difficult to degrade in household garbage, correspondingly screening and cleanly separating the plastic parts, and making the plastic parts become reusable effective resources.

Background

At present, domestic municipal domestic waste is mainly incinerated and buried. By 2015, about 7500 million tons of plastic products were produced by incomplete statistics, 9% of which were recycled, 12% were incinerated, and the remaining majority were landfilled. Where the buried parts are difficult to biodegrade, they may last hundreds of years or even thousands of years, causing a problem of white pollution that cannot be ignored. 12% of the waste plastics are incinerated, the harm is more serious, harmful substances such as dioxin and the like are the first killers of human beings, for example, Beijing accounts for 1.84 ten thousand tons of domestic garbage every day, the plastic content is 10% -20%, about 1840 ton of plastic is calculated according to 10%, the plastic content is only one day, most of the waste plastics are buried or incinerated, resources are wasted, and the environment is polluted. In the aspect of plastic recycling, China is still in a primary stage, and the way of sorting and recycling is long, but the potential is huge.

According to the characteristics that the substances are not easy to decompose, are easily adhered to the kitchen waste and have low density, the plastic in the waste is low in efficiency and serious in pollution in the traditional treatment mode, and cannot be discharged in the aspect of cost, and great resource waste is caused. Under the background, the device is developed, the whole sorting process is matched, the sorting rate of the plastics is improved, and the plastics can be cleaned and recycled after being sorted, so that the plastics can become raw materials for fine production, and the consumption of energy can be greatly reduced. For example, CN102303383A, CN203330110U, CN1966233A, etc. all use means of pre-dewatering with different specific gravity and air separation to separate, which have the above disadvantages and cannot be cleaned.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides equipment for separating light plastics from household garbage, aims to solve the technical problems that non-degradable plastic substances in the household garbage are difficult to degrade, pollute the environment and cannot be effectively recycled, and provides a device for mixing the household garbage after pretreatment in water to undertake plastic separation in the whole process of garbage separation.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:

an apparatus for separating light plastics from domestic garbage comprises a main body structure, wherein a separation cleaning cavity is arranged in the main body structure, the front end of the separation cleaning cavity is provided with a feed hopper device, the rear end of the separation cleaning cavity is provided with a discharging device, a plastic separating device and a cleaning device are respectively arranged in the front and at the rear of the separation cleaning cavity, the plastic separating device and the cleaning device respectively comprise a blade shaft and blades, at least three blades are uniformly distributed on the blade shaft of the separating device and the cleaning device, the blades are made of multi-point hollowed-out stainless steel plates of 3x3mm-10x10mm, the multi-point hollowed-out structure can reduce the resistance of water, local openings are arranged at the bottoms of the blades, and the local openings are made of sawteeth or; the two ends of each blade are fixed with a separation blade which is larger than the shaft diameter of the blade shaft, the separation blades can prevent plastic from winding on the bearings and prevent water from flowing out of the bearings due to overlarge water flow, the blade shaft is inclined at an included angle of 3-15 degrees with the normal direction of the center, so that the blades are inclined at a certain inclination when the shaft rotates to the central discharging position, discharging is facilitated, the blade shaft is connected with a power control system, a sundries sorting system is arranged below a sorting and cleaning cavity, a sundries removing system is arranged at the bottom of the sundries sorting system, the sundries sorting system is provided with a collecting port, a gas sorting system is arranged below the collecting port, the bottom of the cleaning device is of a radian structure, water is arranged in the radian structure, the radian structure not only can play the role of a container, but also can effectively enable the internal materials to flow, so that the, cotton cloth, wood block etc. and plastics pass through the flotation separation, liquid level and discharging device export in the radian structure are equal.

The feeding hopper device is arranged at the front end of the main structure, and keeps an inclined upward included angle of 30 degrees with the main structure shell, and is provided with a material flushing device, and materials which enter the feeding hopper and are easy to adhere are flushed into the main structure body through water flow.

The power control system consists of a motor, a speed reducer, a connecting device, a PLC control system, a pressure feedback system and a visual feedback system, provides sufficient power and proper rotating speed for the equipment, can automatically adjust the equipment according to corresponding discharge and feed quantities, and ensures that plastics can be completely and effectively sorted and cleaned in the equipment.

The plastic separating device at least comprises 4 groups of separating devices which are arranged in sequence.

The discharging device is used for discharging and guiding sorted materials, and the inclined plane and the main structure body form an included angle of 130-150 degrees, so that discharging is facilitated.

The gas sorting system is a compressed air pipe, the angle of the air pipe and the horizontal plane is about 45-60 degrees, 4-10 groups of air pipes are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the collecting port, air flow uniformly gushes to the area of the collecting port through the air guide plate, the air flow enters water and passes through the gap through the air guide plate to float to the top layer of the liquid level, materials advancing in the equipment are all subjected to the action of the air flow, the pressure of the compressed air is 2-6 mpa, and the compressed air is correspondingly adjusted according to the material condition.

The top of the main structure is provided with a top cover.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. solves the problems that the plastic in the existing household garbage can not be separated out, the degradation is difficult and the environment is polluted. The mixed burning brings the disadvantage of great pollution; the plastics that this patent was chosen out are clean free from extraneous odour, and the preparation plastic granules can be directly sold to the nothing, and board etc. are moulded to the wood.

Drawings

The following detailed description is made by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the plastic separating apparatus and the cleaning apparatus of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Referring to the attached drawings 1-2, the device for separating light plastics from household garbage comprises a feed hopper device, a plastic separating device, a main structure, a cleaning device, a sundry separating system, a gas separating system, a sundry removing system, a power control system, a discharging device system and the like.

The feed hopper device is arranged at the front end of the plastic flotation equipment and forms an inclined upward included angle of 30 degrees with the plastic flotation shell; the material flushing device is arranged, and easily-adhered materials entering the feed hopper are flushed into the main structural body through water flow;

the power control system comprises a motor, a speed reducer, a connecting device, a PLC control system, a pressure feedback system, a visual feedback system and the like, provides sufficient power and proper rotating speed for the equipment, can automatically adjust the equipment according to corresponding discharge and feed quantities, and ensures that plastics can be completely and effectively sorted and cleaned in the equipment.

The plastic separation device is one of the key parts of the equipment, and each equipment has 4 groups of separation devices which are decisive for the separation and cleaning of the plastic and are positioned on the main structure. The stainless steel shaft of each group of separating devices is provided with a structure with 3 or more blades which play a role in stirring and scattering materials; the blades 201 are made of stainless steel plates with multipoint hollowing 3x3mm-10x10mm, and the multipoint hollowing structure can reduce the resistance of water; the bottom of the blade adopts a structure similar to a sawtooth or wave shape and the like by adopting a local opening 202, so that water flow can flow out quickly; the two ends of each blade are fixedly provided with the blocking pieces 203 which are larger than the diameter of the shaft, the blocking pieces 203 can prevent plastic from winding on the bearings and prevent water from flowing out of the two ends to damage the bearings, the blade shaft is inclined by 3-15 degrees from the normal direction of the center, and the blades are inclined to a certain degree when the blade shaft rotates to the central discharging position, so that discharging is facilitated. The special structure of the separating device can effectively reduce the resistance of water and can also play a role in sufficient cleaning and smashing, the two ends of the separating device are provided with baffle structures to ensure that plastics can be completely separated from other garbage under the action of the separating device and cannot be wound on a shaft, and the separating device is connected and fixed on a main structure body support through a tile seat, a bearing and the like.

The main structure adopts a special radian structure inside according to a material path and a technical purpose, so that the main structure not only can play a role of a container, but also can effectively enable the material inside to flow, so that the material is fully contacted with water, and partial gravels, cotton cloth, wood blocks and the like with heavier density are separated from plastics by flotation under the action of a separating device, and the design belongs to the core of the whole equipment;

the belt cleaning device is that one of equipment key part also is the design bright spot part, for a section device of casing latter half in the design, its effect mainly lies in the front end and separates the back with the material, carries out certain washing to the plastics when will the ejection of compact, and its design is mainly for making things convenient for ejection of compact and clear effect, and its design casing inside radian structure and separator dial plastics to the radian structure through the blade rotation in to rotatory discharging device, dial the material to plastics when wasing simultaneously.

The sundries sorting system is arranged on the lower half part of the equipment and is mainly used for processing the heavy sundries left in the garbage except the plastic. The sundries removing system is a device for discharging sorted and settled sundries out of equipment.

The gas separation system is connected with the sundry separation system, and mainly has the advantages that the separation effect is enhanced by utilizing the distribution effect of bubbles, and the light plastic mixed in the sundries is more easily floated, so that the plastic and the sundries are better separated and separated.

The discharging device is used for discharging and guiding sorted materials, and the inclined plane and the equipment body form an included angle of 130-150 degrees, so that discharging is facilitated.

Under the condition that reaches the requirement of feeding material, the material enters into the casing through the feeder hopper, the material is earlier through the effect of first plastics separator and main structure body bottom arc structure, through the buoyancy and the mechanical force of water, realize the material dispersion, then when the material passes through second and third plastics separator, filter relevant heavy object, the heavy object can be discharged through relevant debris sorting system, plastics are kept inside the casing, after plastics get into fourth blade axle, through the discharge gate of advancing after wasing.

This plastics recovery plant can be with the mixture material branch that gets into from feeder hopper device 1 become plastics and debris, and carry plastics and debris respectively to the major structure 3 of equipment, realize preliminary stirring, break up through separator 2, make the material become loose and make plastics and debris separate after above step, then the effect of the stirring power of separator 2 blade axle, get into debris sorting system 5, gas sorting system 6 plays auxiliary system and lets plastics float more easily this moment, make light plastics and heavier debris separation, heavier debris are got rid of system 7 and are discharged to debris collection point through debris, and plastics then get into cleaning device 4 and wash repeatedly and obtain comparatively clean plastics, the plastics that wash clean then get into next process through discharging device 9.

The structure and the application of each part are specifically described below, and the feed hopper device is fixed on the framework of the main structure 3 through bolts and has an inclination, so that the feed hopper device mainly plays a role in feeding materials into equipment;

the mounting bearing seat of the separating device 2 is fixed on the framework of the main structure 3 through bolts, is driven by the power control system 8 to rotate, and according to the characteristics of materials, the medium is sorted, the materials are firstly dispersed, then the materials are stirred, so that the plastic can float on water, then the heavier materials are settled, and finally the plastic is discharged out of the discharging device 9 under the action of the cleaning device 4.

The main structure 3 mainly stores corresponding media, provides storage space and effectively separates and guides plastic.

The cleaning device 4 is arranged on the bearing seat and fixed on the framework of the main body structure 3 through bolts and is mainly responsible for the cleaning effect of waste plastics.

The sundries sorting system 5 is arranged in the middle of the main structure 3 and performs sedimentation flotation under the action of the separating device 2, so that sundries and heavy objects can be separated from plastics quickly.

The gas separation system 6 is arranged on the side surface of the sundries separation system and mainly performs inflation floating action on the waste plastics.

The sundries removing system 7 is arranged below the sundries sorting system 5, and sundries, heavy objects and other discharging equipment screened out by the sundries sorting system 5 are discharged.

The power control system 8 mainly comprises a motor, a speed reducer, a chain wheel and a chain to form a power system, and power supply and automatic adjustment of equipment are realized through adjustment of the electrical appliance PLC control system.

The discharge device 9 is mounted on the main structure 3 and is mainly used for discharging plastics.

The working principle of this patent: the material enters screening equipment with a specially designed main structure and a shaft body, relevant flotation sedimentation is carried out in the equipment, and the film type plastics and the rest parts are separated by stirring and propelling of a separating device.

The protective scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it is apparent that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. It is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an equipment of selecting light plastics from domestic waste, it includes major structure (3), is equipped with in the major structure and selects separately to wash the chamber, selects separately to wash the chamber front end and is equipped with feeder hopper device (1), and the rear end is equipped with discharging device (9), its characterized in that: the front and the back of the sorting and cleaning cavity are respectively provided with a plastic separating device (2) and a cleaning device (4), the plastic separating device and the cleaning device both comprise blade shafts and blades, at least three blades (201) are uniformly distributed on the blade shafts of the separating device and the cleaning device, the blades are made of stainless steel plates with multipoint hollowed-out structures of 3x3mm-10x10mm, the multipoint hollowed-out structures can reduce the resistance of water, the bottoms of the blades are provided with local openings (202), and the local openings are in sawtooth shapes or wave shapes, so that water flow can flow out quickly; the two ends of each blade are fixed with a baffle (203) which is larger than the axial diameter of each blade shaft, the baffles can prevent plastic from winding on the bearings and prevent water from flowing out of the bearings due to overlarge axial diameter of the blade shafts, the blade shafts are inclined by 3-15 degrees from the normal direction of the center, so that the blades have certain inclination when the blade shafts rotate to the central discharging position, discharging is facilitated, the blade shafts are connected with a power control system (8), a sundry sorting system (5) is arranged below the sorting and cleaning cavity, a sundry removing system (7) is arranged at the bottom of the sundry sorting system, the sundry sorting system is provided with a collecting port, a gas sorting system (6) is arranged below the collecting port, the bottom of the cleaning device is of a radian structure, water is arranged in the radian structure, the radian structure not only can play a role of a container, but also can effectively, under the action of the separation device, part of gravels, cotton cloth and wood blocks with heavier density are separated from plastics by flotation, and the liquid level in the radian structure is equal to the outlet of the discharging device; the gas sorting system is a compressed air pipe, the angle of the air pipe and the horizontal plane is about 45-60 degrees, 4-10 groups of air pipes are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the collecting port, the air flow uniformly upwards gushes to the area of the collecting port through the air guide plate, the air flow enters the water and upwards floats to the top layer of the liquid level through the air guide plate passing through the gap, the materials advancing in the equipment are all subjected to the action of the air flow, and the pressure of the compressed air is 2-6 MPa; the feeding hopper device is arranged at the front end of the main structure, forms an inclined upward included angle of 30 degrees with the main structure shell, is provided with a material flushing device, and flushes easily-adhered materials into the main structure by water flow entering the feeding hopper; the discharging device is used for discharging and guiding the sorted materials, and the inclined plane of the discharging device and the main body form an included angle of 130 degrees and 150 degrees, so that discharging is facilitated.

2. The equipment for sorting light plastics from domestic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power control system consists of a motor, a speed reducer, a connecting device, a PLC control system, a pressure feedback system and a visual feedback system, provides sufficient power and proper rotating speed for the equipment, can automatically adjust the equipment according to corresponding discharge and feed quantities, and ensures that plastics can be completely and effectively sorted and cleaned in the equipment.

3. The equipment for sorting light plastics from domestic waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the plastic separating device at least comprises 4 groups of separating devices which are arranged in sequence.

4. The equipment for sorting light plastics from domestic waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:

the top of the main structure is provided with a top cover.

5. The equipment for sorting light plastics from domestic waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the blades are made of a stainless steel plate with a plurality of hollow parts of 5x5 mm.