CN108534985A - Intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device and its measurement method - Google Patents
Intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device and its measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108534985A CN108534985A CN201810203560.5A CN201810203560A CN108534985A CN 108534985 A CN108534985 A CN 108534985A CN 201810203560 A CN201810203560 A CN 201810203560A CN 108534985 A CN108534985 A CN 108534985A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
Abstract
A kind of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device of present invention offer and its measurement method,By superstructure,Substructure and fixing bracket are constituted,Superstructure is placed on substructure,It is by set mandrel,Inner cylinder and outer cylinder composition,It includes inner shaft and outer shaft to cover mandrel,Inner shaft is connect with inner cylinder,Outer shaft is connect with outer cylinder,Water is filled in annular groove between inner cylinder and outer cylinder,Substructure is placed on silt beach face,The water in annular groove between inner cylinder and outer cylinder is contacted with lower part silt beach face,Fixing bracket is equipped with the motor of driving inner shaft and outer shaft rotation,Drive inner shaft and outer shaft with optimum speed than the water flowing in the annular groove between rotation drive inner cylinder and outer cylinder by motor,Silt beach face in lower part generates uniform shearing stress,It is judged as sediment incipient motion when water turbidity increases suddenly in annular groove,It can be obtained the critical shear stress of beach face sediment incipient motion by the rotating speed of inside and outside cylinder at this time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device and its measurement methods, belong to water sand observation technology neck
Domain.
Background technology
The starting conditions of silt refer to making sand grain from static to the critical flow condition of movement.It is more accurate to obtain
Conditions of Incipient Motion of Sediment, help to solve that a series of associated water-sediment movements are theoretical and engineering problem.It is critical to obtain silt
The method for starting shearing stress is divided into indoor measurement and in-site measurement.Indoor measurement i.e. compared with microvariations acquire as far as possible at the scene or
Silt sample is remolded in laboratory, the critical incipient motion condition of silt is surveyed by straight sink or annular water tank in laboratory
Amount；In-site measurement utilizes instrument to obtain Conditions of Incipient Motion of Sediment at the scene.Due to can be to avoid sampling and transport in sample
Change to silt property, compared to laboratory measurement, the Conditions of Incipient Motion of Sediment that in-site measurement obtains is more nearly natural situation
Under Conditions of Incipient Motion of Sediment.Traditional field measurement apparatus, or measurement is accurate but device is excessive, inconvenient for use or device
It is easy to use, but the principle reasonability of device leaves a question open.Because the invention one kind is easy to use, accurate intertidal zone sediment incipient motion is measured
Measuring system is necessary.The patent application of Publication No. 201610534494.0 provides one kind tidal flat silt critical incipient motion and cuts
Stress in-situ testing device and monitoring method are rotated backward with stressed collar and inside and outside cylinder to form uniform bottom shearing stress
It calculates to measure, but is found through numerical simulation, rotating backward for stressed collar can make bottom shearing stress too small, to up to not
To the requirement of in-site measurement.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：It is a kind of improved the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, provide
Intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device and its measurement method so that structure is simpler, and it is more convenient accurate to measure.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention discloses a kind of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device, the device by
Superstructure, substructure and fixing bracket are constituted, and the superstructure is placed on substructure, and fixing bracket is for fixing
Superstructure, the superstructure are made of set mandrel, inner cylinder and outer cylinder, and the set mandrel includes inner shaft and outer shaft, interior
Axis is connect with inner cylinder, and outer shaft is connect with outer cylinder, drives inner cylinder and outer cylinder in the same direction by inner shaft and outer shaft rotating Vortex
Rotation；The annular groove for water filling is formed between the inner cylinder and outer cylinder；The substructure is placed on silt beach face, interior
The water in annular groove between cylinder and outer cylinder is contacted with lower part silt beach face；The fixing bracket be equipped with driving inner shaft and
The motor of outer shaft rotation；The device drives inner shaft and outer shaft to rotate by motor, to drive inner cylinder and outer cylinder with a certain
Optimum speed is than rotating Vortex, to drive the water flowing in the annular groove between inner cylinder and outer cylinder, gives the silt of lower part
One uniform shearing stress of beach face, measures the turbidity of annular trough inner water, and the sediment incipient motion when the turbidity of annular trough inner water increases suddenly leads to
The shearing stress of silt beach face critical incipient motion can be calculated in rotating speed after inside and outside cylinder at this time.
Wherein, the outer cylinder and inner cylinder rotating Vortex, the optimum speed ratio of inside and outside cylinder are determined by following formula：
Wherein, z be optimum speed ratio, x=R/r, 1.3≤x≤1.9, y=H/r, 0.3≤y≤1.3, t=(x-1.3)/
0.2；R is inner cylinder radius, and R is outer cylinder radius, and H is the depth of water in annular groove, and t is intermediate parameters.
The inner shaft and outer shaft are connected with each other by bearing, and cartridge housing is cased with outside set mandrel；Described inner shaft one end is equipped with interior
Axis belt pulley, the other end are fixedly connected by head rod part with inner cylinder upper cover, and outer shaft one end is equipped with outer shaft belt pulley, separately
One end is connect by the second connecting rod with outer cylinder upper cover；OBS turbidity transducers are installed on the outer cylinder barrel, and are set
There are osculum and sample tap, for outer cylinder upper cover there are hole, osculum centre-height is less than inner cylinder top surface, and sample tap center is high
Degree is identical as OBS turbidity transducers；OBS turbidity transducers are sent out the current value measured in real time by external radio transmitting device
It send to reception device；
The substructure includes inner disk, outer toroid, outer sleeve and inner sleeve, and the inner circle pan bottom connects with inner sleeve
It connects, the outer toroid bottom is connect with outer sleeve；The inner cylinder bottom is located on inner disk, and outer cylinder is located in outer toroid；
The fixing bracket is fixedly connected with cartridge housing, and fixing bracket is equipped with motor, belt pulley group and funnel, and motor is logical
Cross belt pulley group driving inner shaft and outer shaft rotation.
Further, the motor is installed on by the first connecting bracket on fixing bracket, and the belt pulley group passes through
Two connecting brackets are installed on fixing bracket, and belt pulley group includes three belt pulleys, and belt pulley and the motor at middle part pass through belt
Connection, two belt pulleys at both ends are connect with inner shaft belt pulley and outer shaft belt pulley by belt respectively, and motor is passed by belt
Belt pulley in the middle part of movable strap disc group, two belt disc spins with movable strap disc group both ends, is further driven to inner shaft belt pulley
With outer shaft belt disc spins to drive inner shaft and outer shaft.
There are the outside tracks of annular in the outer toroid, and there are the inner orbit of annular on inner disk, outside track is apart from outer circle
The 1/3 of cylinder spacing inside and outside the distance of ring inner periphery, distance of the inner orbit apart from inner disk excircle are inside and outside cylinder spacing
1/3；Be equipped with roller, outer cylinder bottom and the roller contact in outside track in the inner orbit and outside track, inner cylinder bottom with
Roller contact in inner orbit；By the way that by outside track extension, the mode that inner orbit inside contracts answers bottom close to cutting for inside and outside cylinder
Power partial occlusion jumpy is lived so that flow is formed uniformly in beach face exposure region in the annular groove that inside and outside cylinder is constituted
Shearing stress.
The fixing bracket includes 4 criss-cross horizontal stands of composition at top, and every horizontal stand outer end connects respectively
Connect a vertical supports, every vertical supports lower part is equipped with horizontal cystosepiment, at the vertical supports middle and upper part height of both sides
One end of the aluminium alloy steel pipe of horizontal direction is fixed respectively, and the other end of aluminium alloy steel pipe is equipped with and the fixed connection of cartridge housing
Part.
The horizontal stand of the fixing bracket side is equipped with motor track and belt pulley track, first connecting bracket
Motor track can be prolonged to move horizontally, the second connecting bracket can prolong belt pulley track and move horizontally.
The present invention also provides the measurement methods that above-mentioned apparatus measures intertidal zone sediment incipient motion, include the following steps：
Step 1：Optimum speed ratio is determined according to inside and outside circular cylinder radius；By numerical simulation device interior flow field, fitting is most
Relation curve when good rotating ratio between bottom shearing stress and rotating speed, obtain optimum speed than when shearing stress and rotating speed between pass
System；
Step 2：The substructure of measuring device is inserted into beach face region to be measured；
Step 3：The superstructure of measuring device is placed in substructure；
Step 4：Motor and inner shaft and outer shaft are established and are drivingly connected by mounting and fixing bracket；
Step 5：Water is filled into the annular groove between inner cylinder and outer cylinder；
Step 6：Motor is opened, so that inner shaft and outer shaft is rotate in same direction with optimum speed ratio, slowly increases rotating speed step by step, when
When the turbidity apparent increase of the annular trough inner water between inner cylinder and outer cylinder, rotating speed at this time is recorded；
Step 7：Relationship between the shearing stress obtained according to step 1 and rotating speed, obtains surface layer silt critical incipient motion and cuts
Stress；
Step 8：After measurement, the water discharge in annular groove removes fixing bracket and device superstructure, extracts dress
Set substructure.
In step 1, the optimum speed ratio is determined according to inside and outside circular cylinder radius using following formula：
Wherein, z be optimum speed ratio, x=R/r, 1.3≤x≤1.9, y=H/r, 0.3≤y≤1.3, t=(x-1.3)/
0.2；R is inner cylinder radius, and R is outer cylinder radius, and H is the depth of water in annular groove, and t is intermediate parameters.
In step 6, outer rotating speed is increased with 0.1~1rpm step by step every time, and keeps inner shaft and outer shaft with optimum speed ratio
It rotates in same direction.
The present invention is improved on the basis of former tidal flat silt critical incipient motion shearing stress in-situ measurement device, dress originally
Setting is rotated backward with stressed collar and inside and outside cylinder to form uniform bottom shearing stress, is found through numerical simulation, stressed collar
Rotate backward bottom shearing stress can be made too small, to which the requirement of in-site measurement be not achieved.The present invention eliminates stressed collar, the bottom of by
Portion is lived close to the shearing stress partial occlusion jumpy of inside and outside cylinder, using inside and outside cylinder with optimum speed ratio rotate in same direction come
Form uniform bottom shearing stress.When rotating speed is smaller, due to the effect of centrifugal force, bottom shearing stress increases with axial distance
And increase；When rotating speed is bigger, nearby flow rate of water flow is more than outer cylinder flow rate of water flow nearby to inner cylinder, and bottom shearing stress is with axis
Increase to distance and reduces.Accordingly, there exist optimum speed ratios, and in the optimum speed ratio, shearing stress is uniformly distributed in an axial direction.
Advantageous effect：
1, the present apparatus simplifies original sediment incipient motion measuring device, eliminates stressed collar and related to stressed collar operating
A series of devices, therefore a motor is only needed to can be achieved with the operating of device；
2, the present apparatus changes big region by sheltering from beach face close to inside and outside cylinder shearing stress, and inside and outside cylinder is most preferably to turn
Speed ratio rotates in same direction forms uniform shearing stress in measurement zone so that measurement result is more accurate；
3, the application measurement method realizes silt critical incipient motion shearing stress in-site measurement, and to live silt in measurement process
Disturbance is smaller, solves the problems, such as that conventional method generates disturbance to sand-like and makes measured value that can not react live truth.
Description of the drawings
The present invention is done with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description and is further illustrated, of the invention is above-mentioned
And/or otherwise advantage will become apparent.
Fig. 1 is the superstructure schematic diagram of the device；
Fig. 2 is the superstructure partial enlarged view of the device；
Fig. 3 is the supporting structure side view of the device；
Fig. 4 is the supporting structure vertical view of the device；
Fig. 5 is the supporting structure partial schematic diagram of the device；
Fig. 6 is the substructure side view of the device；
Fig. 7 is the substructure vertical view of the device；
Fig. 8 is the outer cylinder vertical view of the device；
Bottom shear Stress Distribution figure when different rotating speeds when Fig. 9 is embodiment Fluent numerical simulations optimum speed ratio；
Figure 10 be embodiment Fluent numerical simulations optimum speed than when bottom shearing stress and the relationship of outer cylinder rotating speed it is quasi-
Close curve graph.
Figure 11 to Figure 13 is bottom shearing stress power scatter chart when embodiment 2 simulates optimum speed ratio.
Specific implementation mode
According to following embodiments, the present invention may be better understood.
Embodiment 1
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, the superstructure of the device is mainly by set mandrel, organic glass material outer cylinder 9, organic glass
Glass material inner cylinder 10 forms, and set mandrel includes inner shaft 1 and outer shaft 6, and inner shaft 1 passes through head rod 47 and angle with inner cylinder 10
Code is connected with each other, and outer shaft 6 is connected with each other with outer cylinder 9 by the second connecting rod 8 and corner brace；Inner shaft 1 and outer shaft 6 pass through bearing 4
It is connected, is blocked by nut 3 in the outside of bearing 4, limit the movement of bearing, while reduces rolling of the axis in rotation process
It is dynamic, it is separately installed with inner shaft belt pulley 2, outer shaft belt pulley 5 on inner shaft 1, outer shaft 6, cartridge housing 7 is cased on outer shaft 6；Outer cylinder
OBS turbidity transducers 11 are installed on 9 barrels, are sent the current value measured in real time by external radio transmitting device 14
To reception device 15, another side side wall is equipped with osculum 12 and sample tap 13, and 12 centre-height of osculum is slightly below inner circle
10 top surfaces of cylinder, 13 centre-height of sample tap is identical as OBS turbidity transducers 11, outer cylinder 9 upper cover there are 6 holes 48,
As shown in Figure 8；
As shown in Figures 3 and 4, fixing bracket includes 4 criss-cross horizontal stands of composition 34,35,36 and 37,4 at top
Root vertical supports, i.e. left side vertical supports 16, right side vertical supports 25, front and back 2 identical vertical supports 24, all vertical
Holder lower part is equipped with cystosepiment 30,32 and 31 (front and back two vertical supports are identical) of horizontal direction high intensity, solid to increase
The stability of fixed rack prevents motor from shaking and fixing bracket is made to sink；At the vertical supports 16 of both sides and 25 middle and upper part height
One end of the aluminium alloy steel pipe 26 of horizontal direction is fixed respectively, and the other end of aluminium alloy steel pipe 26 is equipped with screw 27,28 and of nut
Nut 29 unloads nut 29 in use, by screw 27 be inserted into cartridge housing 7 in, nut 28 is screwed down, nut 29 to
On tighten, to make cartridge housing 7 be connected with fixing bracket, achieve the purpose that fixing sleeve mandrel, as shown in Figure 5；Fixing bracket
The horizontal stand 36 of side is equipped with motor track 39 and belt pulley track 38, and motor track 39 is connected by screw connection first
Holder 23, belt pulley track 38 is by the second connecting bracket of screw connection 22, in use, unclamps screw, the first connection
Holder 23 can prolong motor track 39 and move horizontally, and the second connecting bracket 22 can prolong belt pulley track 38 and move horizontally；First
23 end of connecting bracket is fixedly connected with motor 17, and 22 end of the second connecting bracket is fixedly connected with belt pulley group, and motor 17 passes through
The belt pulley 19 at the middle part of the connection belt pulley group of belt 21, the belt pulley 18 and belt pulley 20 at synchronous drive both ends, belt pulley 18,
Belt pulley 20 is connected with inner shaft belt pulley 2, outer shaft belt pulley 5 respectively, to drive inner shaft 1 and outer shaft 6 to rotate；Fixing bracket is another
Funnel 33 is installed on the horizontal stand of side, by the water filling in outer cylinder 9 of funnel 33, water through 9 upper cover of outer cylinder there are
Hole 48 slowly enters in the annular groove between inner cylinder 10 and outer cylinder 9.
As shown in Figures 6 and 7, substructure is mainly by outer toroid 45, inner disk 46, aluminium alloy outer sleeve 41 and aluminium alloy
Sleeve 42 forms, and 45 bottom inside of outer toroid prunes the annulus equal with 41 internal diameter of outer sleeve, outer diameter, can be by outer sleeve 41 and outer
Annulus 45 mutually blocks；46 bottom outside of inner disk prunes the annulus equal with 42 internal diameter of inner sleeve, outer diameter, can be by inner sleeve 42
It is mutually blocked with inner disk 46；There are the outside tracks 44 of annular in outer toroid 45, there are the inner orbit 43 of annular on inner disk 46,
Distance of the outside track 44 apart from 45 inner periphery of outer toroid is the 1/3 of 45 width of outer toroid, and inner orbit 43 is apart from 46 outer circle of inner disk
The distance in week is the 1/16 of 46 radius of inner disk；12 rollers of equidistantly distributed are equipped in the inner orbit 43 and outside track 44
49, the roller contact in 9 bottom of outer cylinder and outside track 44,10 bottom of inner cylinder and the roller contact in inner orbit 43.
In the embodiment, superstructure outer cylinder 9 high 400mm, radius 410mm, 10 high 260mm of inner cylinder, radius
310mm；46 radius 340mm of substructure inner disk, outer disc 45 inside radius 380mm, outer radius 465mm, inner metal sleeve cylinder 42
Radius 340mm, 41 radius 380mm of metal-coating cylinder.
Steps are as follows for specific measurement method：
Step 1：X=1.3226, y=0.8387 is calculated according to size, substitutes into formula：
Wherein, z is optimum speed ratio, x=R/r, y=H/r, t=(x-1.3)/0.2；R is inner cylinder radius, and R is outer circle
Cylinder radius, H are the depth of water in annular groove, and t is intermediate parameters.Rotating ratio z=3.0147 is calculated.Utilize Fluent Numerical-Modes
Quasi- software establishes model of the device flow field with inside and outside cylinder rotation speed change, and inside and outside cylinder rotating ratio is 3:Apart from axle center when 1
Bottom shear Stress Distribution is uniform in the range of 340mm~380mm, the region of close inside and outside cylinder (apart from axle center 310mm~
340mm, 380mm~410mm) shearing stress changes greatly (such as Fig. 9), but the region changed greatly is by substructure inner disk
46, outer toroid 45 shelters from, to be uniformly distributed in measurement zone (in the range of apart from axle center 340mm~380mm) shearing stress.
With gambit softwares to fluid grid division, with the axisymmetry model foundation in Ansys Fluent softwares with inside and outside
The flow field of cylinder rotation rate variation.Inside and outside cylinder rotating ratio is 3 in season：1, by software calculate separately outer cylinder rotating speed 1rpm~
Corresponding bottom shearing stress when 10 kinds of situations of 10rpm, shearing stress Y (Pa) and outer cylinder x when by being fitted optimum speed ratio
(rpm) relationship between rotating speed obtains fitting function Y=0.008x2+ 0.0239x-0.006, such as Figure 10；
Step 2：More smooth measured zone is selected at the scene, by aluminium alloy inner sleeve 42 and organic glass material bottom
Whole be inserted into that entirety, aluminium alloy outer sleeve 41 and the organic glass material bottom cylindrical ring 45 that portion's inner disk 46 forms form should
Region, disk and annulus are all contacted with beach face, and are made outside organic glass material bottom inner disk 46 and organic glass material bottom
45 center of circle of annulus coincides, and keeps metal sleeve upper surface to be in horizontality, in apparatus substructure installation process
The disturbance to sand-like is avoided as possible；
Step 3：Measuring device superstructure is placed in substructure, in measuring device superstructure installation process
In, the disturbance to region sand-like to be measured is avoided, after measuring device installs, it is ensured that organic glass material inner cylinder 10 is placed in
On the inner orbit 43 of organic glass material bottom inner disk 46, organic glass material outer cylinder 9 is placed in organic glass material bottom
On the outside track 44 of portion's outer toroid 45；
Step 4：Mounting and fixing bracket makes cystosepiment 30,31,32 be close to mud face, by motor 17 and belt pulley group, inner shaft 1
It is established and is drivingly connected by belt with outer shaft 6, adjusted the distance between the first connecting bracket 23 and the second connecting bracket 22, make institute
There is belt to be in tight state；
Step 5：Water, water is slowly added to drip to the top of inner cylinder 10 by the hole 48 at 9 top of outer cylinder into funnel 33
Portion flows slowly into the annular groove that cylinder forms inside and outside organic glass material, until discharge outlet 12 begins with flow outflow, is trying
During testing, if discharge reduction in annular groove, water need to be added to ensure water in annular groove into funnel 33；
Step 6：Motor 17 is opened, makes inner shaft 1 and outer shaft 6 with 3:1 rotating ratio rotates in same direction, and 1 initial speed of inner shaft is
0.6rpm, 6 initial speed of outer shaft are 0.2rpm, and outer shaft 6 increases rotating speed step by step every time with 0.2rpm, and keeps inside and outside rotating speed ratio
It is 3:1, OBS registrations are observed, when OBS registrations increase suddenly, indicate that suspension concentration significantly increases in device at this time, silt rises at this time
Dynamic, corresponding bottom water flow shearing stress, that is, sediment incipient motion stress records outer cylinder rotating speed x at this time0(rpm), and from sample tap
13 acquisition water samples；
Step 7：The rotating speed and shearing stress relationship being obtained ahead of time according to step 1 obtain surface layer silt critical incipient motion and cut to answer
Power Y0(Pa)=0.008x0 2+0.0239x0-0.006；
Step 8：After measurement, the water in annular groove is discharged by sample tap 13, is removed on fixing bracket and device
Portion's structure, extracting apparatus substructure.
Embodiment 2
Define optimum speed ratio：For inner cylinder radius r, the instrument of the measurement sediment incipient motion stress of outer cylinder radius R is interior
46 radius r of disk1, 45 inside radius R of outer disc1, inner cylinder rotation n1, outer cylinder rotating speed n2 in the same direction, when rotating ratio k=n1/n2 is
When some value, bottom is from apart from axle center r1~R1In the range of shear Stress Distribution the most uniformly (due to close to inside and outside cylinder region
It is blocked), rotating ratio is optimum speed ratio at this time.
When limiting inner cylinder radius r (200mm≤r≤500mm), outer cylinder radius is R, depth of water H.X=R/r (1.3≤
X≤1.9), y=H/r (0.3≤y≤1.3), it is smaller because of plant bulk in the range to limit in this way, easy to use, and
Optimum speed ratio can be found in the range makes bottom shear Stress Distribution uniform, the applicability of this formula in the range
More preferably.T=(x-1.3)/0.2 is enabled, then optimum speed ratio z approximations meet following formula：
The acquisition process of the formula is as follows：
The optimum speed ratio of device under numerical simulation several groups difference dimensional conditions such as table 1, and finds rule therein
Rule.
It observes table to find, as y=0.3, optimum speed ratio is close, is all 1.7 or so.When x is constant, z increases with y
Approximately linear increases before this greatly, then remains unchanged.Using the rule linear interpolation, to obtain formula.
In order to be verified the case where verifying the accuracy of formula, have chosen several different scales, it is shown in Table 2：
For the device of these three sizes, the shear Stress Distribution situation of bottom, is shown in Figure 11 when analog approximation optimum speed ratio z
To Figure 13, it can be found that near optimal rotating ratio z, bottom shear Stress Distribution is visibly homogeneous, meets the requirement of measurement.
Table 1
Table 2
| R(mm) | r(mm) | H(mm) | x | y | z |
| 480 | 300 | 210 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 2.5543 |
| 540 | 300 | 390 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 3.325 |
| 700 | 500 | 550 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 3.065 |
It is specific real the present invention provides a kind of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device and its thinking and method of measurement method
Now there are many method of the technical solution and approach, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for this
For the those of ordinary skill of technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvement and profit can also be made
Decorations, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.Each component part being not known in the present embodiment is available
The prior art is realized.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device, which is made of superstructure, substructure and fixing bracket, described
Superstructure is placed on substructure, and fixing bracket is for fixing superstructure, it is characterised in that：
The superstructure is made of set mandrel, inner cylinder (10) and outer cylinder (9), and the set mandrel includes inner shaft (1) and outer
Axis (6), inner shaft (1) are connect with inner cylinder (10), and outer shaft (6) is connect with outer cylinder (9), in the same direction by inner shaft (1) and outer shaft (6)
Rotation drives inner cylinder (10) and outer cylinder (9) rotating Vortex；It is formed between the inner cylinder (10) and outer cylinder (9) for noting
The annular groove of water；
The substructure is placed on silt beach face, the water in annular groove between inner cylinder (10) and outer cylinder (9) and lower part
Silt beach face contacts；
The fixing bracket is equipped with the motor (17) of driving inner shaft (1) and outer shaft (6) rotation.
2. a kind of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the outer cylinder (9)
It is determined by following formula with the optimum speed ratio of inner cylinder (10) rotating Vortex, inside and outside cylinder：
Wherein, z is optimum speed ratio, x=R/r, 1.3≤x≤1.9, y=H/r, 0.3≤y≤1.3, t=(x-1.3)/0.2；r
For inner cylinder radius, R is outer cylinder radius, and H is the depth of water in annular groove, and t is intermediate parameters.
3. a kind of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the inner shaft (1) and
Outer shaft (6) is connected with each other by bearing (4), and cartridge housing (7) is cased with outside set mandrel；Described inner shaft (1) one end is equipped with inner shaft belt
Disk (2), the other end are fixedly connected by the first connector with inner cylinder (10) upper cover, and outer shaft (6) one end is equipped with outer shaft belt pulley
(5), the other end is connect by the second connector with outer cylinder (9) upper cover；OBS turbidity is installed on outer cylinder (9) barrel
Sensor (11), and it is equipped with osculum (12) and sample tap (13), there are hole (48), osculums (12) for outer cylinder (9) upper cover
Centre-height is less than inner cylinder (10) top surface, and sample tap (13) centre-height is identical as OBS turbidity transducers (11)；
The substructure includes inner disk (46), outer toroid (45), outer sleeve (41) and inner sleeve (42), the inner disk
(46) bottom is connect with inner sleeve (42), and outer toroid (45) bottom is connect with outer sleeve (41)；Inner cylinder (10) bottom
Portion is located on inner disk (46), and outer cylinder (9) is located in outer toroid (45)；
The fixing bracket is fixedly connected with cartridge housing (7), and fixing bracket is equipped with motor (17), belt pulley group and funnel
(33), motor (17) drives inner shaft (1) and outer shaft (6) to rotate by belt pulley group.
4. a kind of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the motor (17) is logical
It crosses the first connecting bracket (23) to be installed on fixing bracket, the belt pulley group is installed on fixation by the second connecting bracket (22)
On holder, belt pulley group includes three belt pulleys, and the belt pulley at middle part is connect with motor (17) by belt, two skins at both ends
Tep reel is connect with inner shaft belt pulley (2) and outer shaft belt pulley (5) by belt respectively.
5. a kind of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the outer toroid (45)
On there are the outside tracks (44) of annular, there are the inner orbit (43) of annular on inner disk (46), outside track (44) is apart from outer toroid
(45) distance of inner periphery is the 1/3 of inside and outside cylinder spacing, and distance of the inner orbit (43) apart from inner disk (46) excircle is interior
The 1/3 of outer cylinder spacing；Roller (49), outer cylinder (9) bottom and outer rail are equipped in the inner orbit (43) and outside track (44)
Roller contact in road (44), inner cylinder (10) bottom and the roller contact in inner orbit (43).
6. a kind of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the fixing bracket packet
4 criss-cross horizontal stands of composition at top are included, every horizontal stand outer end is separately connected a vertical supports, and every vertical
Holder lower part is equipped with horizontal cystosepiment, fixes the aluminium alloy of horizontal direction at the vertical supports middle and upper part height of both sides respectively
The other end of one end of steel pipe (26), aluminium alloy steel pipe (26) is equipped with and cartridge housing (7) fixed connector.
7. a kind of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion measuring device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the fixing bracket one
The horizontal stand of side is equipped with motor track (39) and belt pulley track (38), and first connecting bracket (23) can prolong motor
Track (39) moves horizontally, and the second connecting bracket (22) can prolong belt pulley track (38) and move horizontally.
8. claim 1~7 any one described device measures the measurement method of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps：
Step 1：Optimum speed ratio is determined according to inside and outside circular cylinder radius；By numerical simulation device interior flow field, fitting is best to be turned
Relation curve when speed ratio between bottom shearing stress and rotating speed, obtain optimum speed than when shearing stress and rotating speed between relationship；
Step 2：The substructure of measuring device is inserted into beach face region to be measured；
Step 3：The superstructure of measuring device is placed in substructure；
Step 4：Motor (17) and inner shaft (1) and outer shaft (6) are established and are drivingly connected by mounting and fixing bracket；
Step 5：Water is filled into the annular groove between inner cylinder (10) and outer cylinder (9)；
Step 6：Motor (17) is opened, so that inner shaft (1) and outer shaft (6) is rotate in same direction with optimum speed ratio, increases rotating speed step by step,
When the turbidity apparent increase of the annular trough inner water between inner cylinder (10) and outer cylinder (9), rotating speed at this time is recorded；
Step 7：Relationship between the shearing stress obtained according to step 1 and rotating speed, obtains surface layer silt critical incipient motion shearing stress；
Step 8：After measurement, the water in annular groove is discharged, dismounting fixing bracket and device superstructure, under extracting apparatus
Portion's structure.
9. the measurement method of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in step 1, it is described most
Good rotating ratio is determined according to inside and outside circular cylinder radius using following formula：
Wherein, z is optimum speed ratio, x=R/r, 1.3≤x≤1.9, y=H/r, 0.3≤y≤1.3, t=(x-1.3)/0.2；r
For inner cylinder radius, R is outer cylinder radius, and H is the depth of water in annular groove, and t is intermediate parameters.
10. the measurement method of intertidal zone sediment incipient motion according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in step 6, outer shaft rotation
Speed is increased with 0.1~1rpm step by step every time.
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