A kind of annular water tank device that can be used for simulating the natural river course flow characteristics
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental fluid mechanics, hydraulic engineering field, be specifically related to a kind of annular water tank device that can be used for simulating the natural river course flow characteristics.
Background technology
In recent decades, silt research is the common problem of paying close attention to of environment subject and water conservancy subject always, and tank is the visual plant of research sediment Characteristics.Tank can be used for the washing away of experimental study particle silt, sedimentation, defeated basic law and some water conservancy characteristic such as move, and also can carry out physics in addition and select experimental studies such as husky model.
Tank mainly comprises by shape: straight tank, annular water tank, the straight tank of Zigzag type, combined type circulating water chennel.Straight tank and Zigzag type tank all have the big shortcoming of floor area, and the straight tank of developing such as Zhejiang University of Zigzag type has 7 roads, and total length is 339.3 m.And the combined type circulating water chennel of Hangzhou University development has kept some advantage of straight tank and annular water tank, but complex structure.By Massachusetts Institute Technology's development, back University of Florida has carried out bigger improvement to annular water tank the earliest.Annular water tank mainly contains the characteristics of two aspects: 1) do not have the influence of head piece and flow export, when tank rotated with certain speed, the streamflow regime of all sections was the same in the tank.Be the tank that annular water tank is equivalent to the identical endless of each section streamflow regime, satisfy the requirement of required time of fine sediment flocculation process and very long settling height.2) no water recovery apparatus does not destroy the flocculation state of fine sediment under the salt water condition, and the gained test findings more meets the process of movement of natural silt.
Current are crooked current in the annular water tank, equally have cross-current to exist with bend current in the natural river course.Cross-current is because the flow velocity cross direction profiles is inhomogeneous and uneven the flowing of producing of the centrifugal force on vertical curve plane in the crooked current, the centrifugal force of crooked current can't be eliminated, can only take measures, produce new power and centrifugal force balance, thereby slacken the cross-current that is produced by centrifugal force, can annular water tank eliminate the key that cross-current is evaluated equipment performance.
Annular water tank at utmost limits the ultimate principle of eliminating cross-current: 1) when ring groove rotates, by relative motion principle, just form the current opposite with the tank rotation direction in the tank, but be subjected to centrifugal action simultaneously, produce outside laterally time stream, silt is by the tank movement outside under this state; 2) contact when rotating when shearing ring embedding tank and with the trough inner water face, just result from the identical current of stressed collar direction of motion in the tank.At this moment, owing to the difference that is subjected to ring shearing action size along groove width, produce inside laterally time stream.Silt is by lateral movement in the tank under this motion state; 3) if make annular water tank and shearing ring rotate simultaneously with a certain proportion of rotational speed, and its direction of rotation, then the laterally time stream major part in the tank is cancelled each other, be limited on the very little degree, and synthetic turbulent flow uniformly.
Existing annular water tank generally is made up of annular water tank, shearing ring and driving three parts both at home and abroad.1986, marine traffic engineering Science Institute in Tianjin made annular water tank by oneself, utilized this tank to study harbour silt water conservancy characteristic, the alluvial of computational analysis harbor approach silt.2012, Hohai University applied for " a kind of two-way annular tank system " patent of invention, wide 200 mm of this tank, and high 500 mm, precision is 1.0 cm/s, flow velocity is at 0-120 cm/s.
Although annular water tank finds application in multiple research, actual water velocity in hand sampling operation and the accurate calibration tank was eliminated cross current when the simplification tank ran up, and reach the speed governing of high precision current is the key that the realization annular water tank is promoted always.Annular water tank described in the present invention is different from one of other annular water tank characteristics and is that annular water tank uses the high-precision AC servomotor, and elementary stream speed is regulated can be accurate to 1.0 mm/s, and precision is very high; Two of characteristics are to combine acoustic Doppler knotmeter (the Acoustic Dopler Velocimetry of SonTek company, ADV), this ADV can read three-dimensional spot speed, sampling rate can be up to 25 hertz, the water velocity test is accurate to 0.1 mm/s, thereby accurately verification actual flow velocity in the tank, eliminate cross current; Three of characteristics be switch board design optimization the tank operation, Yan Zhi remote control sampling apparatus is quick on the draw voluntarily, the rotation of LCDs touch screen control tank, shearing ring lifting and sampling automatically, many grades switch flexibly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of annular water tank device that can be used for simulating the natural river course flow characteristics.
The annular water tank device that can be used for simulating the natural river course flow characteristics that the present invention proposes, described device is become by annular water tank, shearing ring, kinematic train, sampling system and On-line Control group, wherein:
Described annular water tank 1 comprises ring plate 6, support chip 7, steel structure support 11, annular water tank inwall 28, annular water tank outer wall 29 and ring plectane 30, annular water tank inwall 28 is fixed in the inner ring top of ring plectane 30, annular water tank outer wall 29 is fixed in the top, outer ring of ring plectane 30, the looping flume frame, the middle and upper part of annular water tank framework is provided with ring plate 6, the inner ring diameter of described ring plate 6 is less than the internal diameter of annular water tank inwall 28, the external diameter of the annular sink outer walls 29 of race diameter size; Ring plate 6 is fixed in ring plectane 30 tops by support chip 7; Described ring plectane 30 bottoms are fixed on the steel structure support 11 by screw 31, described steel structure support 11 is made up of equally distributed 8 the 3rd steel pipes, below 8 the 3rd steel pipes, be provided with 12,8 the 3rd steel pipes of 8 steel pipe supports and 8 the 3rd steel pipe supports 12 are welded on the axle sleeve respectively; The 3rd steel pipe support 12 is fixed on the bearing 17;
Described shearing ring 2 is made up of shearing ring inwall 25, shearing ring outer wall 26 and second steel pipe 27, shearing ring inwall 25 and shearing ring outer wall 26 coaxial arrangement, and second steel pipe 27 is evenly arranged on the shearing ring 2;
Described kinematic train comprises shearing ring jacking system and Rotable Control System, the shearing ring jacking system comprises first steel pipe 3, first steel pipe support 4, the 3rd AC servo motor 18, the top hangs tight mechanism 19 and elevating lever 21, the top hangs tight mechanism's 19 1 ends and connects the 3rd AC servo motor 18, the 3rd AC servo motor 18 connects lead 20, described lead 20 is positioned at elevating lever 21, first steel pipe support, 4 one ends are fixed on the shearing ring 2 by adjusting screw 5, first steel pipe, 3 one ends are fixed on first steel pipe support, 4 one ends, and first steel pipe 3 and first steel pipe support, 4 other ends are individually fixed in the top and hang tight in the mechanism 19; Described placement control system comprises first belt pulley 13, second belt pulley 14, first AC servo motor 15 and second AC servo motor 16, described first AC servo motor 15 and second AC servo motor 16 are individually fixed on the bearing 17, first AC servo motor 15 drives annular water tank by first belt pulley 13 and rotates, and second AC servo motor 16 drives shearing ring by the second driving belt dish 14 and rotates;
Described sampling system comprises thief hole 8 and sampling jar 9, and annular water tank outer wall differing heights is evenly laid 5 thief holes 8, and described thief hole 8 adopts draw-in groove to be connected by proofed sleeve with sampling jar 9, is convenient to change when annular water tank rotates sampling jar 9; In the annular water tank bottom miniature electromagnetic valve is installed, each miniature electromagnetic valve is connected with corresponding signal receiver, and described solenoid valve is connected with switch board 22 with signal receiver, will control solenoid valve and sample automatically after signal receiver receives control signal; The annular water tank bottom is provided with flow-out hole, so that draining.
Among the present invention, described switch board 22 comprises power-supply controller of electric, annular water tank servo controller, shearing ring servo controller, lifting servo controller, sampling servo controller and LCDs; Wherein: power-supply controller of electric connects annular water tank servo controller, shearing ring servo controller, lifting servo controller, sampling servo controller and LCD screen respectively; The annular water tank servo controller connects first AC servo motor 15, the shearing ring servo controller connects second AC servo motor 16, the lifting servo controller is connected with the 3rd AC servo motor 18, and the sampling servo controller can transmit to the signal receiver that is contained in the annular water tank bottom.
Among the present invention, ring plectane 30 outer rims are provided with case ring 10, and described case ring 10 can adopt blue PVC plate.
Among the present invention, for ease of actual flow velocity in the calibration tank, central authorities open a hole at the bottom part ring plectane, and (ADV_ looks up probe 24 to insert the acoustic Doppler knotmeter; Offer a hole in shearing ring central authorities, insert the acoustic Doppler knotmeter and overlook probe 23, probe is the detachable and adjusting degree of depth all.Bottom and top acoustic Doppler knotmeter system are made of ADV probe, wireless launcher, with the simple and easy accommodation device of PVC plate weldering system, are used for taking in wireless launcher respectively.The bottom accommodation device is fixed between the steel pipe support 12, and the top accommodation device is fixed between the steel pipe 3, and two sockets are installed at the jacking system top, gives the power supply of ADV and wireless launcher.
The present invention has following advantage than other annular water tanks:
(1) utilize the high-precision AC servomotor to drive annular water tank and shearing ring rotation, water velocity modulation joint can be accurate to 1.0 mm/s;
(2) this tank can be in conjunction with acoustic Doppler knotmeter ADV real time record water speed, and ADV can read three-dimensional spot speed, and sampling rate is up to 25 hertz, and test water speed precision can be to 0.1 mm/s, thus the relation between calibration revolution and the actual water speed more exactly;
(3) switch board is realized many grades of controls simultaneously, and the remote control sampling apparatus is quick on the draw, manoeuvrable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of annular water tank device among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is shearing ring 2 sectional views among the present invention.
Fig. 3 is annular water tank 1 sectional view among the present invention.
Fig. 4 is annular water tank device transmission shaft sectional view among the present invention.
Number in the figure: 1-annular water tank; The 2-shearing ring; 3-first steel pipe; 4-first steel pipe support; The 5-adjusting screw; 6-annular water tank inside and outside wall ring plate; 7-annular water tank inside and outside wall support chip; The 8-thief hole; The 9-sampling jar; The 10-case ring; 11-annular water tank bottom steel structure stand; 12-the 3rd steel pipe support; 13-first belt pulley; 14-second belt pulley; 15-first AC servo motor; 16-second AC servo motor; The 17-bearing; 18-the 3rd AC servo motor; The 19-top hangs tight mechanism; The 20-lead; The 21-elevating lever; The 22-switch board; 23-ADV overlooks probe; 24-ADV looks up probe; 25-shearing ring inwall; 26-shearing ring outer wall; 27-second steel pipe; 28-annular water tank inwall; 29-annular water tank outer wall; 30-encircles plectane; The 31-screw.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention by reference to the accompanying drawings below by embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
As Fig. 1-shown in Figure 4, described annular water tank device is made up of annular water tank, shearing ring, kinematic train, sampling system, five parts of On-line Control cabinet.
Annular water tank 1 inside and outside wall material is organic glass, and thickness of glass is 10 mm.Annular water tank inwall 28 internal diameters are 1400 mm, and height is 400 mm; Annular water tank outer wall 29 external diameters are 2000 mm, height is 450 mm, with the organic glass welding rod annular water tank inwall 28 and annular water tank outer wall 29 are fixed on the organic glass ring plectane 30 of internal diameter 1240 mm, external diameter 2160 mm, integral body is fixed on the bottom steel structure stand 11 with screw 31 again, this steel frame construction support 11 is made up of 8 steel pipes, supported by 8 the 3rd steel pipe supports 12 in below simultaneously, described the 3rd steel pipe support 12 materials are steel pipe, and 8 steel pipes are welded on the axle sleeve respectively up and down.The annular water tank inside and outside wall has the ring plate 6 of a circle internal diameter 1300 mm, external diameter 1400 mm and internal diameter 2000 mm, external diameter 2100 mm respectively from bottom part ring plectane 300 mm places, establish 24 blocks of glass sheet between ring plate 6 and the bottom part ring plectane 30 as support chip 7, with glass solder 24 blocks of glass sheet are fixed on the bottom part ring plectane 30.Bottom part ring plectane 30 outer rims adopt blue PVC plate to decorate as case ring 10.
Among the present invention, shearing ring 2 inside and outside wall materials are organic glass, and thickness of glass is 10 mm.Shearing ring internal diameter 25 is 1402 mm, and shearing ring external diameter 26 is 1998 mm.
Among the present invention, kinematic train comprises shearing ring jacking system and Rotable Control System.Wherein the shearing ring jacking system is linked to each other with the lifting servo controller by the 3rd AC servo motor 18 that is installed on the steel structure support of top, can control the lifting of shearing ring 2, and electric power conductor 20 is laid along elevating lever 21 and landed spacing 300 mm of shearing ring lifting.Shearing ring 2 central authorities offer 8 screws, utilize adjusting screw 5, and first steel pipe 3 has been fallen shearing ring, and 8 first steel pipes are welded on respectively on 8 first steel pipe supports 4, are welded in the top in the lump and hang tight mechanism 19.Rotable Control System is made of first AC servo motor 15 and second AC servo motor 16 on two bottom brackets that are fixed on bearing 17, the power of first AC servo motor 15, second AC servo motor 16 is respectively 1500 w, 1000 w, rotating speed are 5000 rev/mins.First AC servo motor 15 drives annular water tank by first belt pulley 13 and rotates, and second AC servo motor 16 drives shearing ring 2 by second belt pulley 14 and rotates.
Among the present invention, annular water tank 1 outer wall differing heights is evenly laid 5 thief holes 8, is connected by draw-in groove with proofed sleeve and sampling jar 9, is convenient to replacing sampling jar 9 when annular water tank rotates.In the annular water tank bottom 5 miniature electromagnetic valves and 5 signal receivers are installed, and are connected with sampling servo controller in the switch board 22, after signal receiver receives control signal, will control solenoid valve and sample automatically.The annular water tank bottom is provided with a flow-out hole, so that draining.
Among the present invention, switch board 22 mainly comprises power-supply controller of electric, annular water tank servo controller, shearing ring servo controller, lifting servo controller, sampling servo controller and LCDs.
Among the present invention, bearing 17 high 1 m of annular water tank device, the bottom bracket of bearing 17 are used for fixing first AC servo motor 15, second AC servo motor 16, and first belt pulley 13, second belt pulley 14.
Among the present invention, for ease of actual flow velocity in the calibration tank, open a bore dia 40 mm in bottom part ring plectane 30 central authorities, insert the acoustic Doppler knotmeter and look up type probe 24; Offer a bore dia 40 mm in shearing ring 2 central authorities, insert the acoustic Doppler knotmeter and overlook type probe 23, probe is the detachable and adjusting degree of depth all.Bottom and top acoustic Doppler knotmeter system are made of ADV probe, wireless launcher, with the simple and easy accommodation device of PVC plate weldering system, are used for taking in wireless launcher respectively.The bottom accommodation device is fixed between the 3rd steel pipe support 12, and the top accommodation device is fixed between first steel pipe 3, and two sockets are installed at the jacking system top, gives ADV probe and wireless launcher power supply.
Debugging-elimination the cross current that described device is used for annular water tank:
Step 1 is opened switch board 22 power supplys, opens top ADV and overlooks probe 23.Shearing ring 2 is motionless, regulates the annular water tank revolution.With notebook computer, ADV overlook probe 23, the wireless router three forms LAN (Local Area Network), login ADV software operation interface obtains ADV and overlooks probe data.ADV overlooks probe can survey the three-dimensional spot speed of current.Record revolution and corresponding vertical, lateral current speed obtain annular water tank revolution and flow velocity corresponding relation.Obtain vertical speed by test of many times and be about zero, transverse velocity is about the sixth of longitudinal velocity, overlooks the water velocity of probe real time reaction simultaneously according to ADV, can determine that this tank is stable.
Step 2, annular water tank is motionless, rotates shearing ring.Open bottom ADV and look up probe 24, with using method in the step 1, read ADV and look up probe 24 data, record revolution and corresponding vertical, lateral current speed.Obtain vertical speed by test of many times and be about zero, transverse velocity is about the sixth of longitudinal velocity, looks up the water velocity of probe 24 real time reactions simultaneously according to ADV, can determine that this tank is stable.
Step 3 according to annular water tank revolution, shearing ring revolution and current corresponding relation, is producing on the equivalent reverse transverse velocity basis, and control is the disc rotation speed ratio up and down, eliminates cross current with this.
Embodiment 2: adopts embodiment 1 as states device, and the easily-testing method of particle concentration in the annular water tank, this sentences Powdered Activated Carbon is example
Step 1 uses proofed sleeve to add water to the 30cm height in annular water tank, and preparation Powdered Activated Carbon concentration is 2,5,10,15,20,25,30 mg/L.According to fluid mechanics principle, obtain the critical shear that sedimentation does not take place Powdered Activated Carbon by document or test method, convert then flow velocity in the screw clamp.This critical sedimentation shearing force of testing used Powdered Activated Carbon is 0.6 Pa, and corresponding water velocity should be 43 cm/s, only rotates annular water tank, does not open shearing ring, and then corresponding annular water tank revolution is 10 r/min.Regulate the annular water tank rotating speed and reach 15 r/min, make flow velocity much larger than critical flow velocity, the Powdered Activated Carbon that sinks to the bottom has all been washed away, after treating that tank is stable, water sampling 10 ml survey its turbidity value, are variable with each concentration, be dependent variable with the turbidity value, obtain typical curve.
Step 2 when normal operation, is pressed the calibration result, adjusts the upper lower burrs ratio of revolution.Set the automatic sampling interval time, got water sample, change sampling jar.Water sample analysis only needs to survey its turbidity value, substitution typical curve formula again, get final product particle concentration.