CN108534758A - Based on the twin-engined landform observing device of mechanical fine adjustment - Google Patents
Based on the twin-engined landform observing device of mechanical fine adjustment Download PDFInfo
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- CN108534758A CN108534758A CN201810315228.8A CN201810315228A CN108534758A CN 108534758 A CN108534758 A CN 108534758A CN 201810315228 A CN201810315228 A CN 201810315228A CN 108534758 A CN108534758 A CN 108534758A
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- laser
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- gully
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/04—Interpretation of pictures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
Abstract
The invention belongs to research soil and water conservation engineering device technique fields, are related to a kind of device for the observation of slope surface geomorphic evolution process dynamics.Two hosts send out parallel, contour and overlapped laser plane from different directions, project in slope surface landform.Image collecting device casts the slope surface landform of above-mentioned laser rays with the angle shot perpendicular to laser plane, forms video interception and is imported into computer formation 3 dimensional drawing, and then calculates the parameters such as slopes volume, the slope surface gradient.The present apparatus realizes equidistant to laser rays plane, parallel accurate adjusting by the knob of the mechanical fine adjustment device in rotation landforms instrument host.The present apparatus is by observing the worm screw handle knob in the fixing bolt and screen box on holder, movement and rotation of the control for the video camera of Image Acquisition.One word instrument spacing of laser and angle can be easily calibrated the present invention provides a kind of, and can accurately observe the novel landforms instrument for corroding all landforms including local zanjon in slope surface.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to research soil and water conservation engineering device technique fields, are related to a kind of for the sight of slope surface geomorphic evolution process dynamics
The device of survey.
Background technology
Due to the complexity of phenomenon of soil erosion, seek reliable method is observed analysis to erosion landform more in research
To obtain its genesis mechanism.The observation procedure of the domestic and international soil erosion is taken a broad view of, investigation method after rain can be summarized as and is moved in the rain
Two kinds of state observation method.Investigation method is the geomorphic feature after rainfall by inquiry after rain, the anti-method for pushing away soil erosion amount.Such as Yang Ji
Mountain etc. is to the observation Yang Ji mountain of Shaanxi Suide Qiao Gou small watershed mass erosions, Yao Wenyi, Wang Lingling loess raceway groove mass erosions rule
Rule and mechanism study [J] people the Yellow River, 2014,36:93-96.Recently, Jie of the contactless measurements such as laser scanner
Enter, make it possible the monitoring of the high-risk landform in mass erosion scene, such as the research Tang Hui of Tang Hui, Chen Zhanpeng et al., Li Zhanbin, Lee
Roc, Tang Shanshan, Ren Zongping, the quantization of army simulated rainfall descending micro-terrains and its relationship with runoff and sediment, agricultural engineering
Report, 2015,31:127-133；The Wenchuans woods Chen Zhanpeng, Lei Tingwu, Yan Qinghong, Hu Heng, Xiong Mingbiao, Li Zhen earthquake region Landslide deposit body
The erosion caused by sloping surfaces method for measuring and calculating, agricultural mechanical journal, 2014,45:195-200.But when being observed using laser scanner, part is deep
Ditch and dell are likely to become scanning dead angle, need using total powerstation mend by hand to survey.Since investigation method is easier reality after rain
It applies, is common method in current water and soil conservation industry.But in time rainfall or after preceding rainfall several times, whereabouts
A part is washed away by flow in slumped mass, or the part soil inputted from upstream can be deposited in Caved ore body, to cause
Observation error.Dynamic observation method refers to corroding generating process by continuous observation in soil erosion event generating process in the rain
With eroded deposit volume morphing, the type and its erosion amount of the comprehensive descision soil erosion.This method can monitor soil generation
Process, but enforcement difficulty is very big, and related research result is seldom.The first invention people of this patent and its team at place, utilize knot
Structure light technology has developed the dynamic observation instrument of erosion landform --- landforms instrument.The team develops between 2009 to 2013
3 generation landforms instrument model machines of success obtain 6 mandate national inventing patents, realize rainfall simulation experiment Zhong Gou slope mass erosion processes
Quantitative, dynamic observe, burst in 5139003 model test of state natural sciences fund key project presided over such as professor Zhang Hongwu
The related examination of project of national nature science fund project 51079016 that the observation of dam erosion quantity and the first invention people of this patent preside over
The mass erosion observation tested.
But there are still following disadvantages for above-mentioned landforms instrument：If 1 after the landforms instrument host of testing ground is moved to,
The position of one word instrument of laser, angle may change in host, i.e., contour, the parallel laser plane that landforms instrument host is sent out can occur
Large error.Therefore it needs after being calibrated to the position of one word instrument of laser in host and angle, host can just be relocated,
For test observation, and the calibration of above-mentioned landforms instrument is cumbersome, time-consuming, it would be highly desirable to improve.2 in the slope mass erosion of loess ditch
During rainfall simulation experiment, narrow, deep, recessed dissected valley can be formed.The laser plane that single landforms instrument host is sent out no matter from
Which angle enters dissected valley and is likely to be disconnected, and can not observe recessed dissected valley landforms comprehensively.In view of the above problems, the application
Original landforms instrument observation technology is subjected to upgrading improvement, proposes the dynamic observation side of double host conjunction measuring ditch slope slump processes
Method, and devised again for the pinpoint mechanical fine adjustment device of one word instrument of laser and can realize that pinpoint image is adopted
Acquisition means.The landforms instrument model machine designed and produced according to above-mentioned thought completes the loess in state natural sciences fund 51179021
Mass erosion process-field in ditch slope is tested.Test result confirms：Improved landforms instrument more convenient operation, and ditch slope was corroded
The observation scope of journey more fully, accuracy of observation higher.The application is quasi- to apply for a patent the current improved core technology of landforms instrument
Protection.
Invention content
One word instrument spacing of laser and angle, and energy can be easily calibrated the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of
Accurately the novel landforms instrument of all landforms including local zanjon in slope surface is corroded in observation.
Technical scheme is as follows：
One kind is based on the twin-engined landform observing device of mechanical fine adjustment, including double hosts, image collecting device and attached sets
It applies；
Double hosts send out parallel, equidistant laser stripe 5 from different directions, project in gully-slope land shape 4, simultaneously
Gully-slope land shape erosion landform evolution process is observed into Mobile state, and the laser plane overlapping that double hosts are sent out；Double hosts and figure
As harvester cooperation obtains gully-slope land shape contour map, formation slopes threedimensional model, gully-slope land shape slump in realization rainfall
The dynamic of journey is observed；
Double hosts are mainly by one word instrument 13 of laser, mechanical fine adjustment device, supply line 14, main floor 17, removable
The rain cover 12 and screw 16 unloaded is constituted；Double hosts connect power supply box 2, and are fixed by metab 3；One word instrument of laser, 13 He
Mechanical fine adjustment device is placed in dismountable rain cover 12, and dismountable rain cover 12 is fixed on main floor 17 by screw 16；
The mechanical fine adjustment device includes supporting rod, laser head adjusting knob 20, worm screw 18,15 and of worm screw handle knob
Turbine 19；Multiple mechanical fine adjustment devices are fixed on main floor 17, and one word instrument 13 of each laser corresponds to fixed mechanical fine adjustment
Device, one word instrument 13 of laser, which to surrounding is tested gully-slope land shape 4 and projects one group respectively, to be mutually parallel and horizontal laser light item at equal intervals
Line；Mechanical fine adjustment device is equidistant, parallel and be fixedly disposed on twin-engined cabinet by main floor 17, and support distance between tie rods is
For the spacing of laser contour plane；
The one word instrument 13 of laser is fixed on post upper, and supporting rod lower end is fixed on main floor 17, laser one
Laser plane is tuned into level by word instrument 13 by laser head adjusting knob 20 thereon；Turbine 19 passes through supporting rod and fixation；Band
The worm screw 18 of worm screw handle knob 15 is hinged by screw thread with turbine 19；Rotary worm handle knob 15, passes through revolving wormgear 19
With the transmission of worm screw 18, one word instrument 13 of laser is made to be rotated a little centered on supporting rod, to make all one word instrument 13 of laser
Axis and 17 precise perpendicularity of main floor；After the adjusting of laser head adjusting knob 20 and worm screw handle knob 15, double host hairs
The laser plane group gone out projects in gully-slope land shape 4, will form one group of equidistant, parallel laser rays；
Two cover boards are vertically fixed on main floor 17, are located at mechanical fine adjustment device both sides, safe space is provided for it；
The image collecting device includes video camera 11, computer 6, holder 9 and the video box for fixing video camera
26；
The holder 9 is adjustable for height four leg brackets, is bolted on stub；The two of holder 9 are horizontal
Bar is equipped with multipair support rail mounting hole 24, for fixing support rail 8；The supporting leg of holder 9 is two sections of nested structures, thereon
Equipped with equidistant connecting hole 7, it is connected to one by bolt 23；Supporting leg is fixed on pedestal 22；The support rail 8
Perpendicular to the cross bar of holder 9, one end is suspended from outside holder 9；The pulley 10 with card slot 21 is mounted on the following table of support rail 8
Face, pulley 10 are connected with screen box 26, and screen box 26 is moved forward and backward along the card slot 21 of support rail 8；Video camera 11 is installed
In video box 26, video camera 11 is to carry out the gully-slope land shape 4 for projecting parallel laser striped perpendicular to the angle of laser plane
Shooting；Video camera 11 is connected by data line with computer 6, and the data transfer acquired is to computer 6；
The affiliated facility includes power supply box and supply lines；There are transformer group and accumulator in power supply box, it will be outside 220V
The light current power supply that power supply is converted to 6~8V is connect, is powered for one word instrument 13 of laser；In no external power supply, pass through accumulator
It powers for one word instrument 13 of laser.
The bolt of 9 fixed transverse rod of releases clamp, the screen box 26 for making cross bar and being fixed on cross bar are left in the horizontal direction
It moves right；The bolt on cross bar is unclamped, screen box is pushed to be moved forward and backward along the card slot 21 of cross bar；It unclamps and fixes spiral shell on stub
Bolt pushes the moving up and down in the vertical direction of screen box 26；The worm screw handle knob 15 in screen box 26 is rotated, video camera is made
11 are rotated a little centered on supporting rod, adjust the sight angle of video camera 11, and video camera sight is made to swash with what double hosts were sent out
Optical plane is vertical；
After laser contour imports the generalized information system of computer in video interception, it is endowed height value, forms 3 D stereo
Figure, and then calculate slopes volume and the slope surface gradient.Front and back volume differences occur to corrode for slopes, and as this erosion event is invaded
Erosion amount.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1. pair landforms instrument host simultaneously observes the geomorphic evolution process of the erosion caused by sloping surfaces into Mobile state, local landform is compensated for
The problem of laser rays is blocked realizes that erosion process is monitored without dead angle.
2. the launch angle of one word instrument of laser and its fixed position of mainboard by rotate micromatic setting in it is vertical and
WidFin knob realizes, any of which one is parallel or equidistant adjusting does not all interfere with another tune completed
Section, and to the adjusting of any one mechanical fine adjustment device in host, all do not interfere with other laser for having been completed adjusting
The position of mainboard and the Laser emission angle of the one word instrument of laser where one word instrument.
3. the image collecting device of design realizes accurate adjusting of the video camera in the comprehensive translation of three dimensions and rotation.
Rely on the landforms instrument that above-mentioned Technology design makes that the mass erosion process testing observation of more than 100 rainfall, experiment knot has been completed
Fruit confirms the feasibility and reliability of the technology.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is double host work principle schematics.
Fig. 2 is landforms instrument host cross-sectional view.
Fig. 3 is the mechanical fine adjustment schematic device for one word instrument of laser.
Fig. 4 is image collecting device schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the micromatic setting schematic diagram for image collecting device.
In figure：1 (a) first host；1 (b) second host；2 power supply boxs；3 metabs；4 gully-slope land shapes；It is 5 parallel, etc. between
Away from laser stripe；6 computers；7 equidistant connecting holes；8 support rails；9 holders；10 pulleys；11 video cameras；12 is dismountable
Rain cover；13 laser, one word instrument；14 supply lines；15 worm screw handle knobs；16 screws；17 main floors；18 worm screws；19 rotation whirlpools
Wheel；20 laser head adjusting knobs；21 card slots；22 pedestals；23 bolts；24 support rail mounting holes；25 turbines；26 screen boxes.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment and Figure of description, the present invention is further elaborated.
By taking Shenmu County's Liudaogou catchment mass erosion experiment as an example, illustrate a kind of based on the twin-engined landforms of mechanical fine adjustment
The specific implementation step of observation device：
Step 1：The mechanical fine adjustment stage of landforms instrument
Supporting rod with revolving wormgear 19 is fixed on main floor 17, and one word instrument 13 of laser is bolted on band whirlpool
The top of the supporting rod of wheel, worm screw 18 are hinged by screw thread with revolving wormgear 19；Rotation is fixed on the worm screw handle on side plate
Knob 15 can be such that one word instrument 13 of laser is rotated centered on supporting rod, realize that one word instrument 13 of laser is incident upon in plane to be measured
Laser rays is equidistant, degree of regulation 1mm.The laser head vernier knob 20 of one word instrument of rotary laser, 13 front end, may be implemented to swash
360 ° of rotations of light, rotation degree of regulation are 1 ° of parallel adjusting.The phase of laser rays may be implemented by this mechanical fine adjustment device
Mutually parallel adjusting and the separation equidistantly adjusted, do not interfere with each other between the two.Make them when being finely adjusted to one word instrument 13 of laser
The laser rays of transmitting be mutually parallel and it is equidistant after, by screw 16 dismountable rain cover 12 on main floor 17.It is double
One word instrument 13 of laser on host has the characteristics that strong reliability height, stability, strong interference immunity, service life are long.Red swashs
The diameter of one word instrument 13 of light only 16mm, it is contemplated that service life up to 10000-12000 hours.
Step 2：The Ground arrangement stage of double host conjunction measuring mass erosion processes
Double hosts are separately mounted on symmetrical 2 metabs 3 of center line, and are tested landform to surrounding and are thrown respectively
It penetrates one group to be mutually parallel and the equidistant horizontal laser light stripeds 5 of 30mm, these laser stripes are by the camera shooting perpendicular to laser plane
Machine 11 records.Make double hosts symmetrical in installation process and on the horizontal plane of the same elevation, to ensure double hosts difference
The equidistant lasing area projected, intersection partly overlap.Power supply box 2 is powered by supply line 14 to one word instrument 13 of laser.Band
There is the video camera 11 of laser sight to be fixed on the holder 9 of image collecting device, and the sight of laser sight is parallel to
The sight of video camera 11.The method can dynamically observe 4 slump process of gully-slope land shape in rainfall simulation experiment, this measuring system in real time
The ditch slope wide 3~5m of 4 observation scope, high 1.5~2m.
Step 3：Image collecting device is installed
Observation holder 9 is fixed on by pedestal 22 on stub, is fixed with support rail 8 in upright thereon, on support rail 8
There is screen box 26 of the installation with video camera 11.Pulley 10 with card slot 21 is mounted on the lower surface of support rail 8,10 He of pulley
Screen box 26 is connected, and screen box 26 can be moved forward and backward along the card slot 21 of support rail 8.Have on observation holder 9 multiple equidistant
Support rail mounting hole 24, when adjustment support rail 8 fixing bolt, the left side of screen box 26 in the horizontal direction may be implemented
It moves right.By adjusting the height of the observation bolt 23 on stub of holder 9, in the vertical direction upper of screen box 26 may be implemented
Lower movement.The worm screw handle knob 15 in screen box 26 is rotated, video camera 11 can be made to be rotated centered on turbine 25, rotation is adjusted
Precision is 1 °, so as to obtain the angle of required video camera 11 and plummet face.
Step 4：Mass erosion dynamically observes the stage in real time.
Double landforms instrument host 1a and 1b, which to surrounding are tested ditch slope 4 and project one group, to be mutually parallel and 30mm is horizontal at equal intervals swashs
Striations 5, these laser stripes are recorded by the video camera 11 perpendicular to laser plane.Every laser rays in ditch slope surface is as
Shape contour, the gully-slope land shape 4 with laser rays that video camera 11 captures are then hypsographic map.This double landforms instrument host energy
The dynamic change of gully-slope land shape mass erosion process in real-time dynamic observational record rainfall simulation experiment.This dynamic change can be schemed
As the computer 6 in acquisition system records storage.
Step 5：The processing method of Video data.
The rainfall video recording recorded according to video camera 11, it can be determined that all previous mass erosion event.It will be invaded per subgravity
The video recording sectional drawing of moment, and confines out slump range before erosion event slump and after slump.Use R2V softwares will be contour in sectional drawing again
Line vector simultaneously assigns practical elevation, then calls in ArcGIS softwares, forms three-dimensional tin files, so that it may obtain slopes
Volume information.The volume differences of forward and backward moment slopes occur for mass erosion, are exactly the subgravity erosion amount.It is all previous in this rainfall
Mass erosion total amount that is mass erosion amount and being exactly this rainfall.Above-mentioned mass erosion can be calculated separately with following formula
Amount：
gij=v1(i,j)-v2(i,j)
In formula：I represents the ordinal number of slump event in a rainfall, and j represents the rainfall ordinal number of a certain landform；gi,jFor jth field
The mass erosion amount of ith slump in rainfall, v1i,jAnd v2i,jLocal gully-slope land shape before and after respectively corresponding slump event
Volume；GjFor mass erosion total amount in a rainfall, N is slump total degree in a rainfall.
Claims (1)
1. one kind being based on the twin-engined landform observing device of mechanical fine adjustment, which is characterized in that the landform observing device includes
Double hosts, image collecting device and affiliated facility；
Double hosts send out parallel, equidistant laser stripe (5) from different directions, project in gully-slope land shape (4), simultaneously
Gully-slope land shape erosion landform evolution process is observed into Mobile state, and the laser plane overlapping that double hosts are sent out；Double hosts and figure
As harvester cooperation obtains gully-slope land shape contour map, formation slopes threedimensional model, gully-slope land shape slump in realization rainfall
The dynamic of journey is observed；
Double hosts mainly by one word instrument (13) of laser, mechanical fine adjustment device, supply line (14), main floor (17), can
The rain cover (12) and screw (16) of dismounting are constituted；Double host connection power supply boxs (2), and it is fixed by metab (3)；Laser
One word instrument (13) and mechanical fine adjustment device are placed in dismountable rain cover (12), and dismountable rain cover (12) passes through screw
(16) it is fixed on main floor (17)；
The mechanical fine adjustment device includes supporting rod, laser head adjusting knob (20), worm screw (18), worm screw handle knob (15)
With turbine (19)；Multiple mechanical fine adjustment devices are fixed on main floor (17), and one word instrument (13) of each laser is corresponding fixed
Mechanical fine adjustment device, one word instrument (13) of laser, which to surrounding is tested gully-slope land shape (4) and projects one group respectively, to be mutually parallel and equidistantly
Horizontal laser light striped；Mechanical fine adjustment device is equidistant, parallel and be fixedly disposed in twin-engined cabinet by main floor (17)
On, support distance between tie rods is the spacing of laser contour plane；
The one word instrument (13) of laser is fixed on post upper, and supporting rod lower end is fixed on main floor (17), laser one
Laser plane is tuned into level by word instrument (13) by laser head adjusting knob (20) thereon；Turbine (19) passes through supporting rod and consolidates
It is fixed；Worm screw (18) with worm screw handle knob (15) is hinged by screw thread with turbine (19)；Rotary worm handle knob (15) leads to
The transmission for crossing revolving wormgear (19) and worm screw (18) makes one word instrument (13) of laser be rotated a little centered on supporting rod, to make
The axis of all one word instrument (13) of laser and main floor (17) precise perpendicularity；Through laser head adjusting knob (20) and worm screw handle
After the adjusting of knob (15), the laser plane group that double hosts are sent out projects in gully-slope land shape (4), will be formed one group it is equidistant, flat
Capable laser rays；
Two cover boards are vertically fixed on main floor (17), are located at mechanical fine adjustment device both sides, safe space is provided for it；
The image collecting device includes video camera (11), computer (6), holder (9) and the video for fixing video camera
Box (26)；
The holder (9) is adjustable for height four leg brackets, is bolted on stub；The two of holder (9) are horizontal
Bar is equipped with multipair support rail mounting hole (24), for fixing support rail (8)；The supporting leg of holder (9) is two sections of nested knots
Structure which is provided with equidistant connecting hole (7), is connected to one by bolt (23)；Supporting leg is fixed on pedestal (22)；Institute
For the support rail (8) stated perpendicular to the cross bar of holder (9), one end is suspended from holder (9) outside；The pulley of the band card slot (21)
(10) it is mounted on the lower surface of support rail (8), pulley (10) is connected with screen box (26), and screen box (26) is horizontal along support
The card slot (21) of bar (8) is moved forward and backward；Video camera (11) is installed in video box (26), and video camera (11) is with flat perpendicular to laser
The angle in face shoots the gully-slope land shape (4) for projecting parallel laser striped；Video camera (11) passes through data line and computer
(6) it is connected, the data transfer acquired gives computer (6)；
The affiliated facility includes power supply box and supply lines；There are transformer group and accumulator in power supply box, by the external electricity of 220V
Source is converted to the light current power supply of 6~8V, powers for one word instrument (13) of laser；In no external power supply, it is by accumulator
One word instrument (13) of laser is powered.
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| WO2019195954A1 (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2019-10-17 | 大连理工大学 | Landform observation apparatus based on mechanical fine adjustment of dual-host |
| CN110619804A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Experiment platform for producing convergence |
| WO2020073309A1 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-16 | 大连理工大学 | Integrated mainboard-based geomorphology detector console |
| CN112797963A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-14 | 王春林 | Engineering cost ware for desert planting |
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| CN112797963A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-14 | 王春林 | Engineering cost ware for desert planting |
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