CN103335824B - Detection method of outfield wave front aberration of large-aperture space optical system - Google Patents
Detection method of outfield wave front aberration of large-aperture space optical system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Outfield wave front aberration of large-aperture space optical system measuring method, belong to optical system advanced manufacturing technology field, the problem that the outfield wave-front optical aberration measurement that cannot meet large-caliber space optical system for solving existing detection means requires, measuring method of the present invention comprises: one, measuring condition initialization, and four-dimensional adjustment rack and small-bore directional light generating means are placed on the appropriate location before tested optical system; By the visual field that utility appliance makes small-bore directional light generating means specify, and locked x, y direction wheelwork; By the sub-aperture number input control computing machine needed for the optical parametric of tested optical system, small-bore directional light bore and measurement; According to initial parameter, computer for controlling generates initial position and the movement locus of small-bore directional light generating means; Two, wavefront slope is measured, and three, wave front aberration matching; Due to slope of wave surface can pointwise, timesharing measure, without the need to using heavy caliber parallel light tube, reduce the difficulty of this type systematic outfield wave front aberration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical system wave front aberration detection method, based on Hartmann principle, heavy caliber space system wave front aberration is detected, solve the difficult problem that this type of optical system outfield wave front aberration is rechecked, belong to optical system advanced manufacturing technology field.
Background technology
Space Optical System is the core of all kinds of remote observation, remote sensing of the earth equipment, and its quality is the deciding factor of equipment imaging capability, observation level.Along with the swift and violent growth of demand and the continuous progress of correlation technique, this type of optical system bore and focal length constantly increase, the also corresponding increase of complete machine image quality detection difficulty.Especially system departs from laboratory conditions, under condition of external field (assembling test, field work etc.), more needs reliable, effective technological means detection system wave front aberration, guarantee its requirement that touches the mark.The present invention will pay close attention to the field testing of this type of heavy caliber space system wave front aberration.
Existing Space Optical System outfield wave front aberration detection method, be by parallel light tube simulation infinite distance target (target is generally asterism, resolving power test target etc.), make optical system to target imaging and wave front aberration by asking for system under test (SUT) to the process of gained image.The necessary requirement of this detection method is adopted to be to build the parallel light tube (bore is greater than system under test (SUT), focal length is at least twice in system under test (SUT)) matched with tested optical system bore, focal length.Along with Space Optical System bore, focal length constantly increase, build under condition of external field meet measure require heavy caliber, long-focus collimator difficulty also increase considerably.When system bore reaches 2m magnitude and even be larger, even be also difficult in laboratory conditions build the parallel light tube met the demands, be then more difficult to realize under condition of external field.Therefore, existing detection means cannot meet the outfield wave-front optical aberration measurement requirement of (super large) bore Space Optical System greatly.
Hartmann method is a kind of by measuring corrugated each point slope and then the measuring method according to slope inverting wave front aberration.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the outfield wave-front optical aberration measurement that cannot meet large-caliber space optical system to solve existing detection means requires, the present invention is by using Hartmann measuring principle, a kind of easy outfield wave front aberration of large-aperture space optical system measuring method is proposed, due to slope of wave surface can pointwise, timesharing measure, without the need to using heavy caliber parallel light tube, reduce the difficulty of this type systematic outfield wave front aberration.
Detection method of outfield wave front aberration of large-aperture space optical system, comprises three steps:
Step one: measuring condition initialization, a) is placed on the appropriate location before tested optical system 3 by four-dimensional adjustment rack 1 and small-bore directional light generating means 2; By the visual field that utility appliance makes small-bore directional light generating means 2 specify, and locked x, y direction wheelwork; B) by the sub-aperture number input control computing machine 5 needed for the optical parametric of tested optical system 3, small-bore directional light bore and measurement; Area after sub-aperture stitching need cover the whole of system under test (SUT) monoscopic clear aperature, and adjacent sub-aperture overlapping area is determined by sampling density; C) according to initial parameter, computer for controlling 5 generates initial position and the movement locus of small-bore directional light generating means 2; The trend of movement locus is preset by computer for controlling 5, but course length by tested optical system 3 clear aperture and measure needed for sub-aperture number determine; Meanwhile, computer for controlling 5 also generates two with the two-dimentional empty matrix of sampling density identical dimensional in order to storage of measurement data, the parked position one_to_one corresponding in the element in each matrix and small-bore directional light generating means 2 movement locus; D) computer for controlling 5 controls small-bore directional light generating means 2 and moves to measurement initial position;
Step 2: wavefront slope is measured, and small-bore directional light generating means 2 is adjusted to opening; The directional light sent, through tested optical system 3, is finally converged onto on imageing sensor 4, and what now imageing sensor 4 receives is a shaped laser spot; Computer for controlling 5 control chart image-position sensor 4 records this shaped laser spot, and by it stored in buffer memory; Calculate x, y coordinate of this point-like facula mass center position by centroid algorithm again and be stored as element corresponding with the position of small-bore directional light generating means 2 in departure matrix; After completing this operation, computer for controlling 5 controls small-bore directional light generating means 2 according to the movement locus generated in step one and moves to the next position, carries out same hot spot record, data processing and storage and operates; By that analogy, small-bore directional light generating means 2 according to the clear aperture of the whole tested tested visual field of optical system 3 of its movement locus traversal, and carries out hot spot record, data processing and storage at each parked position and operates; After measurement terminates, two departure matrixes characterizing tested optical system 3 emergent pupil corrugated x direction slope and y direction slope can be obtained;
Step 3: wave front aberration matching, the focal length according to the departure matrix generated in step 2 and tested optical system 3 can calculate tested optical system 3 emergent pupil corrugated x direction slope matrix and y direction slope matrix; Take slope matrix as input, adopt ripe Wavefront Fitting algorithm, matching obtains the emergent pupil corrugated of tested optical system 3.The tilt component in result is removed in fit procedure.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) the present invention is based on the measurement that Hartmann principle achieves large-caliber space optical system wave front aberration: the slope being measured wavefront each point by pointwise, timesharing, ask for system wave front aberration according to the slope information recorded.Without the need to using heavy caliber parallel light tube in measuring process, reduce difficulty and the cost of this type systematic outfield wave-front optical aberration measurement.
2) measuring method of the large-caliber space optical system wave front aberration based on Hartmann principle that proposes of the present invention, can size, the number in control survey aperture flexibly, meets different accuracy, demand that different levels are measured.
3) measuring method of the large-caliber space optical system wave front aberration based on Hartmann principle of the present invention's proposition is equally applicable to the test in laboratory of this type systematic.Bore is reached to the optical system of more than 2m, even the parallel light tube that construction detects for its wave front aberration in the lab, match therewith is also extremely difficult, expensive, the wave front aberration detection method that the present invention proposes can realize the test in laboratory of this type systematic equally under the condition of not building heavy caliber parallel light tube.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the light channel structure figure that outfield wave front aberration of large-aperture space optical system is measured.
Fig. 2 is small-bore directional light generating means and four-dimensional adjusting gear front elevational schematic thereof.
Fig. 3 is the distribution schematic diagram of each measurement aperture at system under test (SUT) clear aperture place.
Fig. 4 measures aperture mobile alignment schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further details.
As shown in Figure 1, outfield wave front aberration of large-aperture space optical system detects light path, small-bore directional light generating means 2 is arranged on four-dimensional numerical control adjustment rack 1, as shown in Figure 2, can rotate at x, y direction translational and around x, y direction, and be more than or equal to tested optical system monoscopic clear aperature in the scope of x, y direction translational; The motion of four-dimensional numerical control adjustment rack 1 is controlled by computer for controlling 5, and x, y direction wheelwork can be locked; Fix with tested optical system 3; It is inner that tested optical system imageing sensor 4 is fixed on tested optical system 3, and image acquisition is controlled by computer for controlling 5.
The present invention is based on the detection method of outfield wave front aberration of large-aperture space optical system of Hartmann Cleaning Principle, concrete steps are as follows:
Step one: measuring condition initialization.
A) four-dimensional adjustment rack 1 and small-bore directional light generating means 2 are placed on the appropriate location before tested optical system 3; By the visual field that utility appliance (as transit, laser tracker etc.) makes small-bore directional light generating means 2 specify, and locked x, y direction wheelwork.
B) by the optical parametric (comprising focal length, F number, clear aperture) of tested optical system 3, small-bore directional light bore (relative to the clear aperture of whole tested optical system 3, think that this " small-bore directional light bore " is " sub-aperture "), measure needed for the initial parameter input control computing machine 5 such as sub-aperture number (i.e. sampling density, as 64 × 64,128 × 128).
As shown in Figure 3, the area after sub-aperture stitching need cover the whole of system under test (SUT) monoscopic clear aperature, and adjacent sub-aperture overlapping area is determined by sampling density.
C) according to initial parameter, computer for controlling 5 generates initial position and the movement locus of small-bore directional light generating means 2, as shown in Figure 4.
The trend (from upper left to " Z " type route of bottom right) of movement locus is specified in advance by computer for controlling 5, but course length (or density, i.e. spacing of adjacent two sections of horizontal trajectorys) by tested optical system 3 clear aperture and measure needed for sub-aperture number determine.Simultaneously, computer for controlling 5 also generates two with the two-dimentional empty matrix (hereinafter referred to as " departure matrix ") of sampling density identical dimensional in order to storage of measurement data, the parked position one_to_one corresponding in the element in each matrix and small-bore directional light generating means 2 movement locus.
D) computer for controlling 5 controls small-bore directional light generating means 2 and moves to measurement initial position.So far, measuring condition initialization step completes.
Step 2: wavefront slope is measured.
Small-bore directional light generating means 2 is adjusted to opening.The directional light sent, through tested optical system 3, is finally converged onto on imageing sensor 4, and what now imageing sensor 4 receives is a shaped laser spot.Computer for controlling 5 control chart image-position sensor 4 records this shaped laser spot, and by it stored in buffer memory; Calculate x, y coordinate of this point-like facula mass center position by centroid algorithm again and be stored as element corresponding with the position of small-bore directional light generating means 2 in departure matrix.After completing this operation, computer for controlling 5 controls small-bore directional light generating means 2 according to the movement locus generated in step one and moves to the next position, carries out same hot spot record, data processing and storage and operates.By that analogy, small-bore directional light generating means 2 according to the clear aperture of the whole tested tested visual field of optical system 3 of its movement locus traversal, and carries out hot spot record, data processing and storage at each parked position and operates.After measurement terminates, two departure matrixes characterizing tested optical system 3 emergent pupil corrugated x direction slope and y direction slope can be obtained.
Step 3: wave front aberration matching.
Focal length according to the departure matrix generated in step 2 and tested optical system 3 can calculate tested optical system 3 emergent pupil corrugated x direction slope matrix and y direction slope matrix.Take slope matrix as input, adopt ripe Wavefront Fitting algorithm, just matching can obtain the emergent pupil corrugated of tested optical system 3.Owing to not considering the position of ideal image point in slope calculations matrix process, therefore need in fit procedure to remove the tilt component in result.
Claims (2)
1. detection method of outfield wave front aberration of large-aperture space optical system, is characterized in that, comprises three steps:
Step one: measuring condition initialization, a) is placed on tested optical system (3) by four-dimensional adjustment rack (1) and small-bore directional light generating means (2) front; Small-bore directional light generating means (2) is made to point to the visual field of tested optical system (3) by utility appliance, and locked x, y direction wheelwork; B) by sub-aperture number input control computing machine (5) needed for the optical parametric of tested optical system (3), small-bore directional light bore and measurement; Area after sub-aperture stitching need cover the whole of tested optical system (3) monoscopic clear aperature, and adjacent sub-aperture overlapping area is determined by sampling density; C) according to initial parameter, computer for controlling (5) generates initial position and the movement locus of small-bore directional light generating means (2); The trend of movement locus is preset by computer for controlling (5), but course length by tested optical system (3) clear aperture and measure needed for sub-aperture number determine; Simultaneously, computer for controlling (5) also generate two with the two-dimentional empty matrix of sampling density identical dimensional, hereinafter referred to as " departure matrix ", in order to storage of measurement data, the parked position one_to_one corresponding in the element in each matrix and small-bore directional light generating means (2) movement locus; D) computer for controlling (5) controls small-bore directional light generating means (2) and moves to measurement initial position;
Step 2: wavefront slope is measured, and small-bore directional light generating means (2) is adjusted to opening; The directional light sent, through tested optical system (3), is finally converged onto on imageing sensor (4), and what now imageing sensor (4) receives is a shaped laser spot; Computer for controlling (5) control chart image-position sensor (4) records this shaped laser spot, and by it stored in buffer memory; Calculated x, y coordinate of this point-like facula mass center position again by centroid algorithm, and be stored as element corresponding with the position of small-bore directional light generating means (2) in departure matrix; After completing this operation, computer for controlling (5) controls small-bore directional light generating means (2) according to the movement locus generated in step one and moves to the next position, carries out same hot spot record, data processing and storage and operates; By that analogy, small-bore directional light generating means (2) according to the clear aperture of its movement locus traversal tested visual field of whole tested optical system (3), and is carried out hot spot record, data processing and storage at each parked position and is operated; After measurement terminates, two departure matrixes characterizing tested optical system (3) emergent pupil corrugated x direction slope and y direction slope can be obtained;
Step 3: wave front aberration matching, the focal length according to two departure matrixes generated in step 2 and tested optical system (3) can calculate tested optical system (3) emergent pupil corrugated x direction slope matrix and y direction slope matrix; With x direction slope matrix and y direction slope matrix for inputting, adopt ripe Wavefront Fitting algorithm, matching obtains the emergent pupil corrugated of tested optical system (3).
2. detection method of outfield wave front aberration of large-aperture space optical system according to claim 1, removes the tilt component in result in the fit procedure described in step 3.
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| CN104296655B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-03-29 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | A kind of laser tracker picture revolves the scaling method of formula initial angle |
| CN108106816A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-01 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Detect the method and system of large-caliber space optical system wave front aberration |
| CN108195566B (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2019-09-06 | 苏州维纳仪器有限责任公司 | The method for detecting any wavelength arbitrary shape bore optical system transmission wavefront |
| CN110361163B (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-06-04 | 中科院南京天文仪器有限公司 | Device and method for detecting large-caliber optical system by parallel light tube suspension scanning |
| CN111258081A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-09 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Optical system installation and adjustment method and device based on optical fiber interconnection |
| CN112146850A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-29 | 航天科工微电子系统研究院有限公司 | Device and method for detecting wave aberration of large-aperture telescope system |
| CN112558318B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-09-28 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Auxiliary adjusting method for large-caliber optical element |
| CN112556997B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-10-08 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Large-aperture optical system detection method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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| CN115016116B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-09-01 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Method for installing and adjusting large-caliber optical system |
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