CN108531804A - A kind of sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel and its Morphology of Sulfide control method - Google Patents
A kind of sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel and its Morphology of Sulfide control method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel and its Morphology of Sulfide control method, the sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel includes the chemical element of following weight percent：C：0.15~0.25%, Si：0.05~0.40%, Mn：0.40~1.60%, Cr：0.80~2.00%, Ni：0~2.00%, Mo：0~0.60%, S：0.015~0.040%, Al：0.015~0.060%, Te：0.005~0.040%, [N]：0.008~0.015%, P≤0.015%, T.O≤0.0015%, Cu≤0.25%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.Its technological process of production is：Refining → LF refining at the beginning of electric arc furnaces or converter → RH or VD vacuum outgas → continuous casting.Sulfide draw ratio≤8, equivalent diameter≤5 μm in the sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel that sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel Morphology of Sulfide control method according to the present invention obtains；The cleanliness factor of molten steel is high, T.O≤0.0015%；Steel grain size >=7.0 grade；It is 0 that continuous casting, which stores flow rate,.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology fields, and in particular to a kind of sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel and its Morphology of Sulfide control
Method.
Background technology
The modern mechanical processing industry developed to automation, high speed and precise treatment promotes the development of automatic steel, special
It is not that fast-developing auto industry has driven sulfur-bearing easily to cut the development of structural steel containing aluminium, such as automobile gearbox gear part is wide
It is general to be produced using sulfur-bearing pinion steel containing aluminium.With the rapid development of Domestic Automotive Industry, the demand of pinion steel increasingly increases, tooth
For wheel since its use environment is severe, stress is complicated, usually requires that higher contact fatigue property and rotary bending fatigue performance, together
When be used for that more stringent requirements are proposed with processing performance, it is desirable that have good machinability.
Therefore, the wide model of the parts such as gearbox gear uses high-cleanness, high easy-to-cut structural steel making, pinion steel to use aluminium town
Quiet deoxidization technique, the total oxygen mass fraction in steel is general relatively low (it is even lower to be less than 20ppm), meanwhile, remain on the acid in steel
Molten Al can play crystal grain thinning, to ensure its good obdurability and anti-fatigue performance.Meanwhile pinion steel is centainly contained by addition
The sulphur (S=0.02%~0.08%) of amount improves cutting ability, makes to generate the largely sulfide based on manganese sulfide in steel,
Play the role of stress raiser so that steel are easy chip breaking in cutting process；Sulfide is that plasticity is mingled with simultaneously, energy
Enough play the role of lubricating cutter, reduces tool wear, extends cutter life.However, sulfide is easy edge during the rolling process
Rolling direction is extended into striated, and is unevenly distributed, and the anisotropy of steel is aggravated, seriously affect steel obdurability and
Anti-fatigue performance.
Many researchs have been done for oxide morphology control by domestic and international steel mill, wherein carrying out denaturation treatment to sulfide in steel
Certain effect is obtained, by adding the elements such as Ca, rare earth into steel, makes to generate a large amount of complex sulfide in steel, prevents sulphur
The deformation of compound during the rolling process improves the spindle rate of sulfide.Wherein Calcium treatment obtains large range of application, but contains
After sulphur al-killed non-hardened and tempered steel uses Calcium treatment technique, as [S] content increases, field trash " liquid window " range after Calcium treatment is anxious
It reduces sharply small, or even disappears, when continuous casting easily stores stream (for storage flow rate 50% or more, casting sequence is within 3 stoves), therefore, sulfur-bearing
The production of Aluminum steel is faced with always the problem of pourability of molten steel difference, affects rhythm of production, reduces slab quality, Wu Faman
The big industrial needs of foot.
Invention content
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steels and its Morphology of Sulfide to control
Method, by using the tough pinion steel of height of this method production, sulfide draw ratio≤8, equivalent diameter≤5 μm, continuous casting stores stream
Rate is 0, meanwhile, the ultra-pure purification of steel is realized by aluminium deoxidation, by crystal grain thinnings such as AlN, VN, to meet automobile making neck
The requirement to high-intensity and high-tenacity free-cutting pinion steel such as domain.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel, includes the chemical element of following weight percent：C：0.15~0.25%, Si：
0.05~0.40%, Mn：0.40~1.60%, Cr：0.80~2.00%, Ni：0~2.00%, Mo：0~0.60%, S：
0.015~0.040%, Al：0.015~0.060%, Te：0.005~0.040%, [N]：0.008~0.015%, P≤
0.015%, T.O≤0.0015%, Cu≤0.25%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.
Further, it is preferable to be the chemical element for including following weight percent：C：0.18~0.23%, Si：0.16~
0.32%, Mn：0.67~1.38%, Cr：1.24~1.81%, Ni：0.40~1.55%, Mo：0.16~0.41%, S：
0.023~0.031%, Al：0.025~0.045%, Te：0.012~0.032%, [N]：0.010~0.013%, P≤
0.010%, T.O≤0.0015%, Cu≤0.25%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.
Further, the chemical element of following weight percent is preferably comprised：C：0.21%, Si：0.24%, Mn：
0.85%, Cr：1.43%, Ni：0.80%, Mo：0.25%, S：0.023%, Al：0.030%, Te：0.012%, [N]：
0.012%, P：0.005%, T.O≤0.0015%, Cu≤0.25%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.
The present invention also provides the sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel Morphology of Sulfide control methods, include the following steps：
(1) electric arc furnaces or converter smelting；
(2) LF stoves refine；
(3) RH or VD vacuum refinings；
(4) continuous casting：Full guard is cast.
Further, in the step (2), in order to field trash fully be removed and abundant deoxidation, LF refining basicity of slag control
System is 2.5~4.0, and the white slag retention time is more than 20 minutes, it is ensured that TFe+MnO≤1.0% in final slag composition, LF the stove later stage add sulphur
To desired value, 5~10min of rear soft blow argon.
Further, in the step (3), for fully degassing, impurity is removed, in final vacuum 67Pa hereinafter, vacuum
It is kept for 15~35 minutes；Vacuum refining terminates to increase for first 3 minutes plus Te Te to desired value so that it is substantially soluble in molten steel, if plus Te
Time is too early, can influence the recovery rate of Te elements.
The sulfur-bearing aluminium town that sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel Morphology of Sulfide control method according to the present invention obtains
Sulfide draw ratio≤8, equivalent diameter≤5 μm in quiet pinion steel；The cleanliness factor of molten steel is high, T.O≤0.0015%；Steel crystal grain
>=7.0 grades of degree；It is 0 that continuous casting, which stores flow rate,.
The present invention also provides the gears being prepared according to the sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel.
In technical solution provided by the invention, the effect of each chemical composition is as follows in sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel：
C:C element is necessary to pinion steel obtains high intensity, hardness, but excessively high C content is to the plasticity of steel and tough
Property is totally unfavorable, so pinion steel usually obtains high case hardness by case-carbonizing, nitriding etc..Therefore pinion steel C contains
It is 0.15~0.25% that amount, which preferably controls,.
Si:Si is main deoxidant element in steel, has very strong solution strengthening effect, but Si too high levels will make steel
Plasticity and toughness decline, and make smelting difficulty and easily form field trash, deteriorate the anti-fatigue performance of steel.Therefore control Si contents
It is 0.05~0.40%.
Mn:Mn is the effective element of deoxidation and desulfurization, can also improve the quenching degree and intensity of steel, and content is less than 0.40%
When, it is difficult to it functions as described above.But when quenching temper, Mn and P have strong grain boundary cosegregation tendency, promote temper brittleness,
Deteriorate the toughness of steel, thus controls Mn contents below 1.60%.
Cr：Cr can effectively improve the quenching degree and resistance to tempering of steel, to obtain required high intensity；Cr may be used also simultaneously
The activity for reducing C, can reduce the steel surface decarburizing tendency in heating, rolling and heat treatment process, have and resist using acquisition is high
Fatigue behaviour.But too high levels can deteriorate the toughness of steel, thus it is 0.80~2.00% to control Cr contents.
Ni:The quenching degree of steel, the toughness of corrosion resistance and guarantee steel at low temperature can be improved in Ni.In view of economy, control
Ni contents are below 2.00%.
Mo：Effects of the Mo in steel predominantly improves quenching degree, improves resistance to tempering and prevent temper brittleness.In addition, Mo
The reasonable cooperation of element and Cr elements can make quenching degree and resistance to tempering be improved significantly.Mo contents are too low, and above-mentioned effect has
Limit, Mo too high levels, then above-mentioned effect saturation, and the cost of raising steel.Therefore, control Mo contents are below 0.60%.
S：Pinion steel improves cutting ability by adding the sulphur of certain content, makes to generate in steel and is with manganese sulfide largely
Main sulfide, plays the role of stress raiser so that steel are easy chip breaking in cutting process；Sulfide is simultaneously
Plasticity is mingled with, and can play the role of lubricating cutter, reduce tool wear, extends cutter life.However, sulfide was rolling
It is easy to extend into striated along rolling direction in journey, and is unevenly distributed, aggravate the anisotropy of steel, seriously affect steel
Obdurability and anti-fatigue performance.It is 0.015~0.040% thus to control its content.
Te：Te or tellurides (predominantly MnTe) form film in the interface of field trash and steel matrix, which reduces
Adhesion work between the two, reduces boundary strength, generates gap therewith, a large amount of stress are absorbed in the gap of interface,
The deformation for hindering field trash makes cutting ability be improved to make MnS field trashes tend to spherical shape.But Te contents are too
Height can cause grain-boundary brittleness, and the plasticity of steel is made to reduce, thus Te contents preferably control in the range of 0.005~0.040%.
Al and N：Pinion steel uses al-killed deoxidization technique, meanwhile, the Al and N remained in steel is acted on, and can play refinement
Crystal grain is to ensure its good obdurability and anti-fatigue performance.The control range of Al content is the control of 0.015~0.060%, N
Ranging from 0.008~0.015%.
P：P can form microsegregation in solidification of molten steel, and then when austenitizing temperature heats, segregation makes steel in crystal boundary
Brittleness significantly increase, so control P content below 0.015%.
T.O：Oxygen forms various oxides in steel and is mingled with.Under the action of stress, it is easy at these oxide places of being mingled with
Stress concentration is generated, leads to the germinating of micro-crack, to deteriorate the mechanical property especially toughness and anti-fatigue performance of steel.Cause
This, must take measures to reduce its content as far as possible in metallurgical production.In view of economy, control its content 0.0015% with
Under.
In technical solution provided by the invention, by the way that suitable Te elements are added, the field trash in steel is carried out at denaturation
Reason；The ultra-pure purification that steel is realized by aluminium deoxidation, passes through the crystal grain thinnings such as AlN；Impurity element P's etc. contains in stringent control steel
Amount, to further increase the anti-fatigue performance of steel.The present invention's carries out Morphology of Sulfide it is critical that being handled by Te
Denaturation, while organically combining with metallurgical quality control, while obtaining high-strength tenacity and good anti-fatigue performance,
Obtain excellent cutting ability.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：(1) sulfide draw ratio≤8, equivalent diameter≤5 μm；
(2) cleanliness factor of molten steel is high, T.O≤0.0015%；(3) steel grain size >=7.0 grade；(4) it is 0 that continuous casting, which stores flow rate,.
Specific implementation mode
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to examples.
The chemical composition and weight percent such as table 1 of sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel in Examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1~3
It is shown.
The chemical composition and weight percent of 1 each embodiment of table and comparative example sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | |
| C | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.15 |
| Si | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.24 | 0.50 | 0.13 |
| Mn | 0.50 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 1.55 | 0.85 | 0.60 | 0.42 |
| Cr | 0.16 | 1.43 | 1.32 | 1.87 | 0.93 | 0.50 | 1.00 |
| Ni | 1.25 | 0.80 | - | 1.75 | 0.80 | 1.50 | - |
| Mo | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.33 | - | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.35 |
| S | 0.017 | 0.023 | 0.031 | 0.039 | 0.044 | 0.053 | 0.078 |
| Al | 0.016 | 0.030 | 0.034 | 0.05 | 0.042 | 0.018 | 0.027 |
| Te | 0.036 | 0.012 | 0.028 | 0.010 | - | - | - |
| [N] | 0.008 | 0.012 | 0.010 | 0.014 | 0.012 | 0.007 | 0.015 |
| P | 0.010 | 0.005 | 0.012 | 0.010 | 0.005 | 0.015 | 0.020 |
| T.O | 0.001 | 0.0009 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.0009 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
The technological process of production of sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel is in each embodiment and comparative example：Refined at the beginning of electric arc furnaces or converter →
LF refining → RH or VD vacuum outgas → continuous casting.
In embodiments：
In LF stove refinery practices, the LF refining basicity of slag in Examples 1 to 4 is controlled respectively 2.5,2.8,3.5,4.0,
The white slag retention time is respectively 20 minutes, 22 minutes, 25 minutes, 28 minutes, it is ensured that after finishing slag (TFe+MnO)≤1.0%, LF stoves
Phase adds sulphur to desired value, 5~10min of rear soft blow argon；
In RH or VD vacuum degassing process：In final vacuum 67Pa hereinafter, vacuum is kept for 15~35 minutes；Vacuum fine
Refining terminates to increase for first 3 minutes plus Te Te to desired value；
In continuous casting process, cast using full guard.
In each comparative example：
LF refining basicity of slag in comparative example 1~3 is controlled respectively 3.5,2.2,5.0, and the white slag retention time is respectively 15
Minute, 18 minutes, 20 minutes, the LF stove later stages add sulphur to desired value, 5~10min of rear soft blow argon；
In RH or VD vacuum degassing process：In final vacuum 67Pa hereinafter, vacuum is kept for 15~35 minutes；Vacuum fine
Refining terminates to increase for first 3 minutes plus Te Te to desired value；
In continuous casting process, cast using full guard.
Field trash Indexs measure result and continuous casting in the sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel that each embodiment and comparative example obtain store
Flow rate is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
From Table 2, it can be seen that the field trash in the sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel obtained using method provided by the invention
Index and continuous casting store flow rate and are substantially better than comparative example.
The sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel that each embodiment obtains can also be further prepared into gear.
Above-mentioned reference embodiment carries out a kind of sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel and its Morphology of Sulfide control method detailed
Description is illustrative without being restrictive, several embodiments can be enumerated according to limited range, therefore do not departing from
Change and modification under present general inventive concept should belong within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel, which is characterized in that include the chemical element of following weight percent：C：0.15~
0.25%, Si：0.05~0.40%, Mn：0.40~1.60%, Cr：0.80~2.00%, Ni：0~2.00%, Mo：0~
0.60%, S：0.015~0.040%, Al：0.015~0.060%, Te：0.005~0.040%, [N]：0.008~
0.015%, P≤0.015%, T.O≤0.0015%, Cu≤0.25%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that include the chemistry of following weight percent
Element：C：0.18~0.23%, Si：0.16~0.32%, Mn：0.67~1.38%, Cr：1.24~1.81%, Ni：0.40~
1.55%, Mo：0.16~0.41%, S：0.023~0.031%, Al：0.025~0.045%, Te：0.012~0.032%,
[N]：0.010~0.013%, P≤0.010%, T.O≤0.0015%, Cu≤0.25% are remaining for Fe and inevitably miscellaneous
Matter.
3. sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that include the chemistry of following weight percent
Element：C：0.21%, Si：0.24%, Mn：0.85%, Cr：1.43%, Ni：0.80%, Mo：0.25%, S：0.023%, Al：
0.030%, Te：0.012%, [N]：0.012%, P：0.005%, T.O≤0.0015%, Cu≤0.25% are remaining for Fe and not
Evitable impurity.
4. the sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel Morphology of Sulfide control method according to claim 1-3 any one, feature
It is, includes the following steps：
(1) electric arc furnaces or converter smelting；
(2) LF stoves refine；
(3) RH or VD vacuum refinings；
(4) continuous casting：Full guard is cast.
5. sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel Morphology of Sulfide control method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the step
Suddenly in (2), the control of LF refining basicity of slag is 2.5~4.0, and the white slag retention time is more than 20 minutes, it is ensured that TFe+ in final slag composition
MnO≤1.0%, LF the stove later stage add sulphur to desired value, 5~10min of rear soft blow argon.
6. sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel Morphology of Sulfide control method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the step
Suddenly in (3), in final vacuum 67Pa hereinafter, vacuum is kept for 15~35 minutes；Vacuum refining terminates first 3 minutes plus Te to increase Te extremely
Desired value.
7. sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel Morphology of Sulfide control method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described to contain
Sulfide draw ratio≤8, equivalent diameter≤5 μm in sulphur al-killed pinion steel；The cleanliness factor of molten steel is high, T.O≤0.0015%；Steel
Material grain size >=7.0 grade；It is 0 that continuous casting, which stores flow rate,.
8. the gear that sulfur-bearing al-killed pinion steel according to claim 1 is prepared.
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| CN111485065A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-08-04 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Smelting and casting method of sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel |
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| CN110714161A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-01-21 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | High-sulfur free-cutting steel for automobile and production process thereof |
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