CN111485065A - Smelting and casting method of sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel - Google Patents
Smelting and casting method of sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111485065A CN111485065A CN201910080425.0A CN201910080425A CN111485065A CN 111485065 A CN111485065 A CN 111485065A CN 201910080425 A CN201910080425 A CN 201910080425A CN 111485065 A CN111485065 A CN 111485065A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting and casting method of sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel, which sequentially comprises the steps of (1) smelting in an electric furnace or a converter, (2) L F refining, (3) VD or RH vacuum treatment, and (4) continuous casting, wherein in the step (1), Al element is added during tapping so that the Al content in molten steel reaches 0.03-0.05 wt%, and the S element content in molten steel at the end point of smelting is controlled to be 0.015-0.035 wt%, and in the step (2), the slag components are controlled to be 45-55 wt% of CaO and 20-35 wt% of Al2O35-10 wt% MgO and 10-25 wt% SiO2(ii) a In step (3): after the air is broken, Al element is added into the molten steel again to ensure that the Al content in the molten steel reaches 0.03-0.05 wt%. The smelting casting method can effectively prevent the water gap from being blocked in the casting process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a smelting and casting method, in particular to a steel smelting and casting method.
Background
Gear steel is one of key materials with larger use amount and higher requirement in automobile materials, and influences various technical and economic important indexes such as vehicle service life, energy consumption and the like. In order to ensure the processing performance and prevent the crystal grain growth, the content of aluminum and sulfur in the gear steel is higher, and high-melting-point inclusions (such as Al) are easily generated in the production process2O3And MgO-Al2O3Inclusions) cause nozzle clogging.
In general, in response to this, the prior art treatment method is to perform calcium treatment to convert high-melting inclusions in steel into low-melting inclusions.
For example, in the technical proposal disclosed in Chinese patent publication No. CN104212940A entitled "method for preventing the clogging of a nozzle of a sulfur-containing gear steel SAE 8620H" published as 2014 12 and 17, the method ensures the smooth pouring of molten steel by performing calcium treatment at L F refining end and controlling the concentration of Ca, Al or S in the steel at the refining end in order to prevent the clogging of the nozzle of the sulfur-containing gear steel (SAE 8620H, for example).
Another example is: in the technical scheme disclosed by Chinese patent document with the publication number of CN104611502A, the publication date of 2015, 5 months and 13 days and the name of 'a smelting process for aluminum-containing and sulfur-containing series gear steel', in order to prevent the molten steel mouth of the sulfur-containing and aluminum-containing series gear steel from being blocked, calcium treatment is carried out after the molten steel mouth is broken empty by VD, and a sulfur line is fed after the molten steel mouth is kept stand for 5 minutes.
However, the prior art solutions described above lead to the occurrence of large Ds inclusions (Ds inclusions are round or nearly round, single-particle inclusions with a diameter ≥ 13 μm) in steel grades, and these large Ds inclusions seriously affect their fatigue life and machinability. In addition, calcium treatment when the sulfur content in steel is high is liable to generate new high melting point inclusion CaS, which results in nozzle clogging.
In view of the above, it is desired to obtain a new method of smelting and casting by which the nozzle clogging can be prevented and the resultant steel smelted has a small Ds inclusion content and small particles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a smelting and casting method of sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel, which can effectively prevent water gap blockage in the casting process and prevent Ds inclusion of finally obtained finished steel from exceeding the standard when smelting and casting are carried out by the smelting and casting method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a smelting and casting method of sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel, which sequentially comprises the steps of (1) smelting in an electric furnace or a converter, (2) L F refining, (3) VD or RH vacuum treatment and (4) continuous casting, wherein:
in step (1): adding Al element during tapping to enable the Al content in molten steel to reach 0.03-0.05 wt%; and the content of the S element in the molten steel at the end point of smelting is controlled to be 0.015-0.035 wt%;
in step (2): controlling the components of the slag as follows: 45-55 wt% of CaO and 20-35 wt% of Al2O35-10 wt% MgO and 10-25 wt% SiO2；
In step (3): after the air is broken, Al element is added into the molten steel again to ensure that the Al content in the molten steel reaches 0.03-0.05 wt%.
In the smelting method of the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel, the inventor finds that the water gap is easy to block in the casting process of the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing steel through a great deal of experimental research, and the blocking object is mainly formed by high-melting-point inclusion (such as Al)2O3And MgO-Al2O3Inclusions). In order to reduce clogging, the prior art generally carries out calcium treatment at the end of refining, but calcium treatment has the following drawbacks: firstly, the yield is low and unstable; the vapor pressure of calcium is very large, 60-70% of calcium in the calcium treatment process flows into the atmosphere in a steam mode and enters less than 30% of molten steel, and the calcium treatment effect is influenced by various aspects such as molten steel components, temperature, calcium alloy types, addition modes, addition speed and the like; secondly, when the content of sulfur in the gear steel is high, a large amount of new high-melting-point inclusion CaS is easily generated during calcium treatment, and a water gap is also blocked; thirdly, the molten steel is rolled seriously in the calcium treatment process, so that secondary oxidation is easily caused, new high-melting-point inclusion is generated, and the calcium treatment effect is influenced; fourthly, calcium treatment can lead to the appearance of large Ds-type inclusions in the steel.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention cancels calcium treatment, controls the high-melting-point inclusion in the smelting process by controlling the smelting parameters in the smelting process, and controls the high-melting-point inclusion in the smelting process by controlling the smelting parameters in the smelting process, so that a water gap cannot be blocked in the smelting and casting process, the quality of the steel obtained by the smelting and casting method is also excellent, and the size of the Ds inclusion in the finally obtained finished steel is less than 30 mu m.
In addition, because the smelting and casting method has higher sulfur content, molten iron does not need to be desulfurized, so that the cost of desulfurization can be reduced, and sulfur supplement can be carried out without or by adding a very small amount of ferro-sulphur at the end of refining, so that the cost is reduced, and aluminum loss caused in the process of sulfur supplement can be reduced and new alumina inclusions are avoided.
In addition, in step (2), the slag components are controlled to be: 45-55 wt% of CaO and 20-35 wt% of Al2O35-10 wt% MgO and 10-25 wt% SiO2In order to reduce the desulfurization reaction in the subsequent VD or RH vacuum treatment and also to facilitate the avoidance of high melting point inclusions (Al)2O3) And (4) generating.
Further, in the method for smelting and casting the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel according to the present invention, in the step (1): the smelting end temperature is 1620-.
Further, in the smelting and casting method of the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing pinion steel, in the step (2), the temperature is controlled to be 1620-1640 ℃ at the smelting end point of L F.
It should be noted that in some preferred embodiments, the L F refining stage may adopt a micro-positive pressure or a method of controlling a flow rate of bottom blowing of a steel ladle, so as to further avoid the surface of molten steel from being exposed, thereby effectively preventing secondary oxidation caused by air, and further reducing the loss of aluminum in steel and the generation of high-melting-point aluminum oxide inclusions.
In addition, in some preferred embodiments, other alloys can be added in the L F stage, and because the smelting and casting method does not need desulphurization, the molten steel does not need to be stirred greatly, and high-melting-point inclusions and large Ds inclusions in the steel can be reduced.
Further, in the smelting and casting method of the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel, in the step (2), at the smelting end point of L F, the Al content in the molten steel is 0.008-0.015 wt%, and/or the S content in the molten steel is 0.013-0.025 wt%.
In the technical scheme, the content of Al and S at the smelting end point is controlled to reduce the desulfurization amount in L F refining and subsequent VD or RH vacuum treatment, and high-melting-point inclusions (such as Al) can be prevented2O3) And (4) generating.
Further, in the method for smelting and casting the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel according to the present invention, in the step (3): the temperature of the ladle is controlled to 1550-.
Further, in the method for smelting and casting the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel according to the present invention, in the step (1): the slag discharge amount in the tapping process is controlled to be less than or equal to 5 kg/ton steel.
In the technical scheme, the slag discharging amount in the tapping process is controlled to reduce the situation that oxidizing slag enters a steel ladle to cause excessive consumption of deoxidizers and avoid excessive high-melting-point deoxidation products, and the slag composition can be stably controlled, so that the control on molten steel composition, high melting point and Ds inclusion in the subsequent process is also very favorable.
Further, in the method for smelting and casting the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel according to the present invention, in the step (1): the C content in the molten steel at the end point of smelting is controlled to be more than or equal to 0.05 wt%.
In the technical scheme, the content of C in the molten steel at the end point of smelting is controlled to reduce the end-point free oxygen, so that the consumption of the steel-tapping deoxidizer is reduced, and the formation of excessive deoxidized products can be avoided.
Further, in the method for smelting and casting the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel according to the present invention, in the step (3): controlling the vacuum degree below 67Pa and keeping for 10-15 min.
In the technical scheme, the vacuum degree is controlled to be below 67Pa and kept for 10-15min, so that the small-size inclusions are promoted to collide, aggregate and grow and are easy to remove from the molten steel. In addition, it should be noted that the vacuum time during the vacuum treatment process should not be too long, otherwise a large amount of high melting point inclusions (e.g., MgO-Al) are generated2O3) And large Ds inclusions。
Further, in the method for smelting and casting the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel according to the present invention, in the step (3): after Al is added to the molten steel, the mixture is calmed for 10-30 min.
In the above technical solution, it should be noted that, in the step (3), since the steel slag reacts violently during the vacuum treatment, the content of aluminum in the steel needs to be reduced in order to prevent desulfurization and formation of high melting point alumina, and therefore, aluminum is not added during the vacuum treatment, so that the content of aluminum can be relatively low at the end of the vacuum treatment.
However, Al needs to be supplemented when the air is broken, and the addition amount is preferably set to 0.03-0.05%, so that the collision and aggregation of inclusions can be further facilitated, and sufficient time is provided for the floating removal.
Further, in the method for the metallurgical casting of a sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel according to the present invention, in the tundish in the continuous casting step, the molten steel is cast at a thickness of 100mm per tundish2In the cross section of the steel, Al having a size of more than 2 μm2O3And MgO-Al2O3The total number of inclusions is < 400.
It should be noted that in order to prevent the increase of high melting point inclusions and large Ds inclusions during the casting process, in some embodiments, in step (4), the air may be evacuated by blowing argon gas in the tundish of the casting furnace. Can be sealed among the long nozzle, the sliding plate and the ladle discharge nozzle. In addition, a high viscosity alkaline tundish covering agent may be used. An integral submerged entry nozzle is used. Ensuring certain steel retaining amount of the large ladle and the middle ladle. The pulling speed, the crystallizer and the liquid level of the tundish are ensured to be stable.
The smelting and casting method of the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the smelting and casting method of the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel cancels calcium treatment in the prior art, controls high-melting-point inclusions in the smelting and casting process by controlling smelting parameters in the smelting and casting process, so that a water gap cannot be blocked in the casting process, the quality of the steel obtained by the smelting and casting method is excellent, and the size of Ds inclusions in the finally obtained finished steel is less than 30 mu m.
Detailed Description
The method for the metallurgical casting of a sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel according to the present invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to specific examples, which, however, should not be construed to unduly limit the technical scope of the present invention.
The smelting and casting method of the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel of examples 1 to 6 adopts the following steps to carry out smelting and casting:
(1) smelting in an electric furnace or a converter: controlling the slag amount in the tapping process to be less than or equal to 5 kg/ton steel, controlling the C in molten steel at the smelting end point to be more than or equal to 0.05 wt%, and adding Al element during tapping so as to enable the Al content in the molten steel to reach 0.03-0.05 wt%; and the content of the S element in the molten steel at the end point of smelting is controlled to be 0.015-0.035 wt%, and the temperature at the end point of smelting is 1620-.
(2) L F refining, wherein the slag components are controlled to be 45-55 wt% of CaO and 20-35 wt% of Al2O35-10 wt% MgO and 10-25 wt% SiO2At the smelting end point of L F, the temperature is controlled at 1620-1640 ℃, and at the smelting end point of L F, the Al content in the molten steel is 0.008-0.015 wt%, and/or the S content in the molten steel is 0.013-0.025 wt%.
(3) VD or RH vacuum treatment: after breaking the air, adding Al element into the molten steel again to ensure that the Al content in the molten steel reaches 0.03-0.05 wt%, controlling the temperature of the ladle at 1550-.
(4) Continuous casting: the continuous casting process strictly protects the stability of pouring, drawing speed, crystallizer and tundish liquid level, and in the tundish in the continuous casting step, every 100mm2In the cross section of the steel, Al having a size of more than 2 μm2O3And MgO-Al2O3The total number of inclusions is < 400.
Tables 1-1 and 1-2 list the specific process parameters involved in the process for the metallurgical casting of sulfur-containing, aluminum-containing gear steels of examples 1-6.
Table 1-1.
Tables 1-2.
As can be seen from the combination of tables 1-1 and 1-2, the inclusion (for example, Al) with high melting point is produced by the present invention in the course of smelting and casting2O3And MgO-Al2O3Inclusions) is extremely small and therefore, it is not easy to block the nozzle, and the size of Ds inclusions in the final product also meets the standard, all of which are less than 30 μm.
In conclusion, the smelting and casting method provided by the invention cancels calcium treatment in the prior art, and controls high-melting-point inclusions in the smelting process by controlling smelting parameters in the smelting process, so that a water gap cannot be blocked in the casting process, the quality of steel obtained by the smelting and casting method provided by the invention is excellent, and the size of Ds inclusions in finished steel finally obtained is less than 30 microns.
It should be noted that the prior art in the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples given in the present application, and all the prior art which is not inconsistent with the technical scheme of the present invention, including but not limited to the prior patent documents, the prior publications and the like, can be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the combination of the features in the present application is not limited to the combination described in the claims of the present application or the combination described in the embodiments, and all the features described in the present application may be freely combined or combined in any manner unless contradictory to each other.
It should also be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention. It is apparent that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and similar changes or modifications can be easily made by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention and shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A smelting and casting method of sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel sequentially comprises the steps of (1) smelting in an electric furnace or a converter, (2) L F refining, (3) VD or RH vacuum treatment and (4) continuous casting, and is characterized in that:
in step (1): adding Al element during tapping to enable the Al content in molten steel to reach 0.03-0.05 wt%; and the content of the S element in the molten steel at the end point of smelting is controlled to be 0.015-0.035 wt%;
in step (2): controlling the components of the slag as follows: 45-55 wt% of CaO and 20-35 wt% of Al2O35-10 wt% MgO and 10-25 wt% SiO2；
In step (3): after the air is broken, Al element is added into the molten steel again to ensure that the Al content in the molten steel reaches 0.03-0.05 wt%.
2. The method for the metallurgical casting of a sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1): the smelting end temperature is 1620-.
3. The method for the smelting and casting of the sulfur-containing aluminum-containing pinion steel as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the temperature is controlled to be 1620-1640 ℃ at the smelting end point of L F.
4. The method for smelting and casting a sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), at the smelting end point of L F, the Al content in the molten steel is 0.008 to 0.015 wt%, and/or the S content in the molten steel is 0.013 to 0.025 wt%.
5. The method for the metallurgical casting of a sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3): the temperature of the ladle is controlled to 1550-.
6. The method for the metallurgical casting of a sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (1): the slag discharge amount in the tapping process is controlled to be less than or equal to 5 kg/ton steel.
7. The method for the metallurgical casting of a sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (1): the C content in the molten steel at the end point of smelting is controlled to be more than or equal to 0.05 wt%.
8. The method for the metallurgical casting of a sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (3): controlling the vacuum degree below 67Pa and keeping for 10-15 min.
9. The method for the metallurgical casting of a sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (3): after Al is added to the molten steel, the mixture is calmed for 10-30 min.
10. The method for the metallurgical casting of a sulfur-containing aluminum-containing gear steel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the tundish in the continuous casting step, the amount of sulfur per 100mm is set2In the cross section of the steel, Al having a size of more than 2 μm2O3And MgO-Al2O3The total number of inclusions is < 400.
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| CN113278762A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-20 | 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 | Ca alloying method in high-aluminum calcium sulfur composite free-cutting steel |
| CN113549734A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-26 | 北京科技大学 | QD08 steel refining slag system and method for smelting QD08 steel |
| CN113652611A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-16 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | High-speed rail gear steel and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113549734A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-26 | 北京科技大学 | QD08 steel refining slag system and method for smelting QD08 steel |
| CN113652611A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-16 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | High-speed rail gear steel and preparation method thereof |
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