CN102330040A - Free-machining steel material - Google Patents
Free-machining steel material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102330040A CN102330040A CN201110315617A CN201110315617A CN102330040A CN 102330040 A CN102330040 A CN 102330040A CN 201110315617 A CN201110315617 A CN 201110315617A CN 201110315617 A CN201110315617 A CN 201110315617A CN 102330040 A CN102330040 A CN 102330040A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a free-machining steel material. The free-machining steel material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.09 to 0.20 percent of C, 0.70 to 1.55 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.17 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.19 percent of P, 0.20 to 0.38 percent of S, 0.01 to 0.35 percent of Sb, 0.02 to 0.41 percent of Zr, 0.009 to 0.023 percent of O, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of N and the balance of Fe. In the invention, the free-machining steel material is prepared in an economic superior mode; and the machinability of the free-machining steel material is improved on the premise of ensuring the mechanical property of the material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of free-cutting steel iron material, belong to the metallurgical material field.
Background technology
The free-cutting steel iron material not only reduces material cutting force and cutting temperature, improves cutter life, reduces the surfaceness of workpiece, improves the smear metal property handled, and can also practice thrift cost, enhances productivity.At present, the free-cutting steel iron material has been widely used in industry-by-industry and departments such as automobile, machinery, petrochemical complex, national defense industry.In the free-cutting steel iron material, the composition of inclusion, form (long-width ratio) and distribution situation have tangible influence to the wearing and tearing and the work piece surface smoothness of the mechanical property of steel, cutting resistance, cutting tool.But also there are some problems in the free-cutting steel iron material that current China produces, mainly shows the technical elements such as type, quantity and morphology Control of quality, precision and inclusion, is prone to cutting element segregation problem in the steel and also is not well solved.
Summary of the invention
So above-mentioned technical background sets out, the objective of the invention is, provide a kind of under the prerequisite that guarantees its mechanical property with the superior mode of economy, improve the free-cutting steel iron material of its cutting ability.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following measure: free-cutting steel comprises following chemical components in mass percent: C 0.09～0.20; Mn 0.70～1.55; Si≤0.17; P≤0.19; S 0.20～0.38; Sb 0.01～0.35; Zr 0.02～0.41; O 0.009～0.023; Al≤0.01; N≤0.008; All the other are Fe, and mass percent amounts to 100%.
Preferred mass percent chemical ingredients is: C 0.13～0.16; Mn 0.9～1.35; Si 0.06～0.12; P 0.07～0.11; S 0.28～0.33; Sb 0.06～0.12; Zr 0.04～0.11; O 0.014～0.018; Al≤0.006; N≤0.005; All the other are Fe, and mass percent amounts to 100%.
Best mass percent chemical ingredients is: C 0.15; Mn 1.33; Si 0.08; P 0.10; S 0.29; Sb 0.09; Zr 0.06; O 0.017; Al 0.004; N 0.003; All the other are Fe, and mass percent amounts to 100%.
Chemical ingredients will satisfy Mn/S >=4.0, N/Zr＜0.17.Adopt cast cold, temperature is higher than 15～25 ℃ of liquidus temperatures.
Can also add mass percent and be 0.03～0.09 Ce.
The reasons are as follows of the active chemical design considerations of free-cutting steel iron material of the present invention and qualification content range:
C is the principal element of decision carbon steel tissue, if ferritic is more in the steel, and the plasticity good toughness, the heat in metal cutting that produces during cut is bigger, glues cutter easily, and smear metal frangible not, influence surfaceness, so machinability is bad.If cementite is many in the steel, hardness is higher, the heavy wear cutter, and cutting ability is also poor.Therefore, when the ratio of ferritic in the steel and cementite was suitable, hardness and plasticity were also more moderate, and its machinability is better.Take all factors into consideration the mechanical property and the free cutting property of free-cutting steel iron material, C content be controlled at be no more than 0.20% more suitable.
S is prone to the cutting element in the steel, but element sulphur has also brought hot-short problem when having improved the cutting rolled steel performance.For avoiding or alleviate the hot-short harm that brings, Xiang Gangzhong adds alloying element Mn, makes Mn replace the Fe among the lower melting point FeS, generates dystectic MnS (fusing point is 1600 ℃), and they make smear metal be easy to fracture, thereby improve machinability.And MnS has lubrication, and hardness own is low, can reduce the wearing and tearing to cutter.If but the add-on of Mn is not enough, with generate rich Fe (Fe, Mn) S still can not avoid hot-short influence.Therefore Mn, S content are chosen in 0.70～1.55%, 0.20～0.38% more suitablely respectively, and require Mn/S to be not less than 4.
P if its content is suitable, may be dissolved in the ferritic in the softer low-carbon (LC) ferritic steel of quality, can improve ferritic hardness, improves the smooth finish and the cutting ability of piece surface, is to be prone to the cutting element; But in the steel phosphorus too high can increase cold short, so its content be controlled at be not higher than 0.19% more suitable.
N is similar with P, can increase ferritic hardness equally, helps the cutting of low-carbon (LC) ferritic steel, but the nitrogenous age hardening that too much can cause steel in the steel is unfavorable to the performance of steel.In addition, the nitrogen in the steel can form the nitride particles such as ZrN of hard point with alloy element Zr etc., also can cause the chafing fatigue of cutter.Therefore its content be controlled at be not higher than 0.008% more suitable.
Al is similar to the cutting rolled steel Effect on Performance with Si, forms the high and irregular Al of hardness respectively
2O
3And SiO
2, they the time all can cause the chafing fatigue of cutter in cutting, so the aluminium in the steel and silicone content are low as far as possible.But silicon adds in the steel as deoxidant element, can increase the flowability of molten steel, and silicon removes and forms the nonmetal inclusion beyond the region of objective existence, is dissolved in the ferritic.Therefore aluminium content be controlled at be not higher than 0.01% more suitable, silicone content be controlled at be not higher than 0.17% more suitable.
O influences the most significant factor of sulfur compound in the free-cutting steel, and oxide morphology is a most important characteristic in the free-cutting steel, and non-metallic inclusion MnS can improve machinability, and reduces the wearing and tearing of cutter.Steel manganese sulfide in the forging or the operation of rolling is easy to extended; Make obvious reduction of lateral performance of free-cutting steel anisotropy occur; And fusiform (or spherical) to be mingled be the prerequisite that obtains the high quality free-cutting steel; Yet only let the manganese sulfide spheroidization not enough, the mechanical property of steel can reduce because of it is oversize greatly, so being distributed among the steel matrix of will guaranteeing also on the other hand that the manganese sulfide inclusion of fusiform (or spherical) can small and dispersed.The relation of oxygen level and oxide morphology in the free-cutting steel of the present invention: oxygen amount＞0.016% o'clock forms spherical, random distribution, inclusion is single-phase or biphase sulfide; The oxygen amount is when 0.016%～0.009% interval, and the formation fusiform is along the crystal boundary distribution or be the sulfide that fan-shaped distributes; Oxygen amount＜0.009% o'clock forms sulfide block, random distribution.Therefore O content be chosen in 0.009～0.023% more suitable.
Sb is a kind of strong promotion of cheapness and stablizes pearlitic element that it promotes the perlite effect to occupy first of each element.For the either pearlite occurred that makes free-cutting steel in 15%～20% optimum scope, in steel, add a certain amount of antimony element.But cause the quality problems of steel easily as the antimony of trace elements.Reheat to steel billet in the production process of steel rolling causes the billet surface oxidation; Thereby the relative not oxidation element of the residual antimony in the formation steel is in the Local enrichment phenomenon of billet surface; Under specific rolling temperature, being liquid phase exists; The result forms map cracking at billet surface in continuing rolling process.Therefore Sb content be chosen in 0.01～0.35% more suitable.
Zr has significant effect to the control of oxide morphology; The Zr that adds in the steel will separate out Zr3S4 with sulfide under high-temperature condition; Strengthened the hot strength of sulfide in the steel equally, the sulfide in the prevention steel is along the extension of rolling direction, and the form of impelling sulfide is for spinning the Duo shape.In addition, N/Zr ratio and zirconium content have material impact to the composition of inclusion: N/Zr＞0.17 o'clock, and steel inclusion is main with ZrN; N/Zr＜0.17 o'clock, steel inclusion is with ZrO
2Be main.Stable ZrO
2For the forming core of MnS provides favourable forming core point, reduced MnS and concentrated the possibility that distributes, make manganese sulfide inclusion can the matrix that be distributed in steel of small and dispersed among.Simultaneously, the general rounded or oval distribution of oxide compound, the MnS that depends on oxide compound forming core, growth also presents similar form, makes sulfide inclusion rotten, thereby improves the mechanical property of free-cutting steel.Therefore Zr content is chosen in 0.02～0.41% more suitablely, and requires N/Zr to be less than 0.17.
Adopt cast cold can increase the equiaxial crystal ratio of free-cutting steel, crystal grain thinning improves the S segregation, and its cutting ability and mechanical property are all played a positive role.Therefore, teeming temperature be chosen in be higher than in 15～25 ℃ of scopes of liquidus temperature more suitable.
Ce element among the Re is mainly Ce in free-cutting steel
2S
3And Ce
3S
4, these sulfide have improved the non-deformability of manganese sulfide, and are not yielding when hot-work, still keep spherical distribution, improved the cutting ability of steel.After adding Ce in the steel, can make Al
2O
3Become CeAlO granular, soft
3, not only help cutting, also improved the anti-fatigue performance of steel.Therefore Ce content be chosen in 0.03～0.09% more suitable.
The invention has the advantages that:
The present invention has solved technical problem such as inclusion distribution and morphology Control in the free-cutting steel iron material with the superior mode of economy; Through improving its inclusion type of its heterogeneous microstructure and sex change, obtained to have the free-cutting steel iron material of excellent in machinability ability and mechanical property.Compare with existing similar free-cutting steel, the present invention has cutting ability preferably, and its mechanical property has also obtained certain raising.Free-cutting steel work piece surface smooth finish of the present invention is good, and dimensional precision is high, and production efficiency is high, is suitable for scale operation, has excellent generalization values.
Embodiment
Each instance composition such as table 1 are listed, and each instance inclusion pattern and distribution statistics are as shown in table 2, and each instance mechanical property and cutting ability are as shown in table 3.
Each instance composition of table 1 (mass percent/%)
| Instance | C | Mn | P | S | Sb | Zr | O | Ce |
| Instance 1 | 0.13 | 1.23 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.01 | - | 0.017 | - |
| Instance 2 | 0.15 | 1.31 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.09 | - | 0.014 | - |
| Instance 3 | 0.15 | 1.28 | 0.08 | 0.29 | 0.35 | - | 0.018 | - |
| Instance 4 | 0.15 | 1.35 | 0.08 | 0.30 | - | 0.02 | 0.014 | - |
| Instance 5 | 0.14 | 1.29 | 0.11 | 0.28 | - | 0.41 | 0.015 | - |
| Instance 6 | 0.15 | 1.33 | 0.10 | 0.29 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.017 | - |
| Instance 7 | 0.14 | 1.31 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.016 | 0.05 |
Annotate: each instance Si 0.06～0.12% in the table; Al≤0.006%; N≤0.005%; All the other are Fe, and mass percent amounts to 100%.
Table 2 each instance inclusion pattern and distribution statistics
Table 3 each instance mechanical property and cutting ability
Annotate: VB is when cutting 20 minutes, the MV of cutting tool master wear of the tool flank
Can find that from each instance inclusion pattern of table 2 and distribution statistics instance 1, instance 2, instance 3 inclusion patterns and changes in distribution are little, their content of pearlite in alloy is respectively 15.23%, 18.31%, 21.10%.The circle of instance 4, instance 5, instance 6 inclusiones and fusiform ratio are apparently higher than instance 1, instance 2, instance 3, and the inclusion distributing homogeneity is also better, and their content of pearlite in alloy is respectively 12.34%, 11.98%, 19.09%.The circle and the fusiform of instance 7 inclusiones are higher, and the inclusion distributing homogeneity is better, and content of pearlite in alloy is 17.61%.Sb element in the instance 3 has trace to separate out in matrix, and this will produce adverse influence to steel performance, and therefore, Sb content can not surpass 0.35%.
Can find out that from each instance mechanical property of table 3 and cutting ability each instance all has mechanical property and free cutting property preferably.Comprehensive relatively instance 6, instance 7 have good free cutting property and mechanical property preferably, and therefore, instance 6 composition proportion are preferred embodiment, and adding Ce can the excellent free-cutting steel iron material of obtained performance.
Claims (7)
1. a free-cutting steel iron material is characterized in that, the mass percent chemical ingredients of material is: C0.09～0.20; Mn 0.70～1.55; Si≤0.17; P≤0.19; S 0.20～0.38; Sb 0.01～0.35; Zr0.02～0.41; O 0.009～0.023; Al≤0.01; N≤0.008; All the other are Fe, and mass percent amounts to 100%.
2. free-cutting steel iron material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the mass percent chemical ingredients of material is: C 0.13～0.16; Mn 0.9～1.35; Si 0.06～0.12; P 0.07～0.11; S 0.28～0.33; Sb 0.06～0.12; Zr 0.04～0.11; O 0.014～0.018; Al≤0.006; N≤0.005; All the other are Fe, and mass percent amounts to 100%.
3. free-cutting steel iron material according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the mass percent chemical ingredients of material is: C 0.15; Mn 1.33; Si 0.08; P 0.10; S 0.29; Sb 0.09; Zr 0.06; O 0.017; Al 0.004; N 0.003; All the other are Fe, and mass percent amounts to 100%.
4. according to the described free-cutting steel iron material of one of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that Mn/S >=4.0.
5. free-cutting steel iron material according to claim 4 is characterized in that N/Zr＜0.17.
6. according to the described free-cutting steel iron material of one of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that teeming temperature is higher than 15～25 ℃ of liquidus temperatures.
7. free-cutting steel iron material according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the adding mass percent is 0.03～0.09 Ce in the material.
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| CN201110315617A CN102330040A (en) | 2011-10-09 | 2011-10-09 | Free-machining steel material |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104388815A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-04 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Novel free-cutting steel material with cerium-modified inclusion |
| CN104404399A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-11 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Novel chalcogenide easily cut steel and iron material |
| CN104532163A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-22 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Novel antimony-containing free-cutting steel and iron material |
| CN106011692A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-10-12 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for producing free cutting steel by using stibnite |
| CN107245662A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-10-13 | 重庆大学 | It is a kind of while improving the sulfide denaturation method of sulphur system's easy-to-cut structural steel mechanical performance and cutting ability |
| CN112063923A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-11 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | 1300 MPa-grade RE-containing chalcogenide free-cutting steel 60mm bar and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104388815A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-04 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Novel free-cutting steel material with cerium-modified inclusion |
| CN104404399A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-11 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Novel chalcogenide easily cut steel and iron material |
| CN104532163A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-22 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Novel antimony-containing free-cutting steel and iron material |
| CN106011692A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-10-12 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for producing free cutting steel by using stibnite |
| CN106011692B (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2017-07-18 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of method that utilization stibnite produces automatic steel |
| CN107245662A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-10-13 | 重庆大学 | It is a kind of while improving the sulfide denaturation method of sulphur system's easy-to-cut structural steel mechanical performance and cutting ability |
| CN107245662B (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2019-03-01 | 重庆大学 | Sulfide denaturation method that is a kind of while improving sulphur system easy-to-cut structural steel mechanical performance and cutting ability |
| CN112063923A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-11 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | 1300 MPa-grade RE-containing chalcogenide free-cutting steel 60mm bar and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120125 |