CN108531233A - A kind of method that biomass fuel makes - Google Patents
A kind of method that biomass fuel makes Download PDFInfo
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- CN108531233A CN108531233A CN201810293979.4A CN201810293979A CN108531233A CN 108531233 A CN108531233 A CN 108531233A CN 201810293979 A CN201810293979 A CN 201810293979A CN 108531233 A CN108531233 A CN 108531233A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/006—Combinations of processes provided in groups C10G1/02 - C10G1/08
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods that biomass fuel makes to produce biomass fuel, and by a part of use of this fuel in biomass solid liquefaction process by liquefying to biomass solid.In invention, by being heated to original biomass solid, the viscosity of original biomass solid is considerably reduced, to reduce the processing pressure of later liquefaction technique；By completing part, or all preheatings in low pressure stage, the processing pressure of high-pressure process section is greatly reduced；It is recycled by using indirect type thermal energy, reduces the pressure of heat reclaiming system；By using biomass boiler, energy is provided for technique using part biological matter fuel, reduces the cost of thermal energy transmission and business procurement.The technologies such as the metal used in technique intercepts, and dry matter air-dries also further improve the performance of technique.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of industrial processing methods, a kind of method made more particularly, to biomass fuel.
Background technology
With the increasingly depleted of whole world fossil energy, renewable bioenergy is paid more and more attention.Traditional biology
Matter production of energy is by biomass ferment, and being allowed to generate, there is the biogas of certain thermal energy to be used.Newest biomass energy
Production technology is using thermochemical method, i.e., by biomass solid temperature-pressure, the eucaryotic cell structure inside biomass is made to crack,
Biomass is liquefied, then the product similar with oil and coal is produced with liquefied biomass.
By biomass solid temperature-pressure, the eucaryotic cell structure inside biomass is made to crack, the form of biomass is by original
Solid is converted into flowable liquid, this is one of the key step of current biomass fuel thermochemical method production.Biomass
It include this technical process in the technologies such as low-temperature carbonization, gasification of biomass.The main flow of this technique is：First, lead to
It crosses and adds the methods of water that the biology for being similar to solid is changed into the liquid that can be flowed, then shred, filter, formed and be suitble to continuously place
The material of reason makes the cell in biomass crack, is fettered by biological cell using pressurization, preheating, heating, reaction
Water be released, biomass by Solid State Transformation be liquid, after liquid biological matter is using cooling and decompression, you can enter biomass
The manufacturing process of fuel.
Compared with the production technology of other biological mass-energy source, biomass liquefying process has prodigious advantage.Firstly, since adding
It pressurizes simultaneously when warm, entire process system does not evaporate generation, and most calorific values is retained in biomass；In addition, by
Initial material is preheated in having recycled the energy in liquefied liquefying biomass, the energy consumption in technique can be greatlyd save.
But there is also defects for above-mentioned technique, in order to increase the mobility of biomass, need largely to add water into biomass before treatment, raw
Substance total amount can increase substantially, so as to cause increasing substantially for biomass liquefying cost；In addition, material enters high-pressure pump
Afterwards, follow-up all process equipments are high pressure, and the manufacturing cost of whole liquefaction device increases substantially, operation and maintenance difficulties
It is corresponding to improve.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a kind of biomass fuel systems
The method of work.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of method that biomass fuel makes, it is special
Sign is, includes the following steps：
S1, biomass solid material preheating；
Biomass solid material after preheating is entered positive-dispacement pump by S2, under the driving of positive-dispacement pump by chopping,
After filtering and agent-feeding treatment, it is sent into low-lift pump, material is input to low pressure preheater (LPP by low-lift pump；
Material is heated up to be sent into high-pressure pump after the first preheating temperature by S3, low pressure preheater (LPP, and high-pressure pump is by material repressurization
After be sent into high pressure pre-heater, high pressure pre-heater enters back into high-pressure heater after material is heated up to the second preheating temperature；
Alternatively, material is directly heated up to be sent into high-pressure pump after the second preheating temperature by low pressure preheater (LPP, high-pressure pump is by material
Repressurization, material enter high-pressure heater；
Material is heated to condensing temperature by S4, high-pressure heater, subsequently into reaction kettle, the material that is flowed out from reaction kettle according to
It is secondary to enter thermal energy recoverer, cooler, then depressurize, liquefying biomass is finally produced, subsequent biomass fuel is sent into and prepares
Process, the part of fuel produced provide thermal energy by biomass boiler for step S3.
Further, the heating before biomass solid liquefaction is so that the viscosity of biomass solid is greatly lowered as mesh
's.Heating before biomass solid liquefaction using independent thermal source or uses recycling heat source；
The independent thermal source is electricity, hot water or superheated steam；
The recycling heat source is the thermal energy recycled from liquefied high-temperature biomass, and thermal energy recycling passes through between one
Connect the heat transfer agent in formula thermal energy recoverer.After thermal energy recycling, liquefied biomass temperature will significantly decline.
Further, the independent thermal source or there is band in the heating equipment that uses when recycling heat source heating biological matter solid
Agitating function and with chopping function ancillary equipment.
Further, the chopping is by fibre cutting included in larger particle or biomass solid material；
Described is filtered into the material filtering for being more than particle and limiting size, limits the ranging from 1-2mm of size；Aperture
It is small, follow-up equipment is protected, but resistance is big, cleaning is frequent；Aperture is big, slightly poor to the protection of follow-up equipment, but resistance is small,
Cleaning frequency reduces.It is big respectively to have advantage and disadvantage with small, it needs specifically to be determined according to biomass type in practice.
The dosing is to receive the medicament come from medicine machine conveying using chemicals dosing plant so that medicament and biomass are consolidated
Body material is sufficiently mixed, meanwhile, also have the function of to adsorb and precipitate in chemicals dosing plant, remove harmful in biomass solid material
Metal prevents damage of these poisonous metals to equipment.The medicine machine includes grug feeding jar, medicament preparation facilities and metering
Pump.
Further, the pressure selection of the low-lift pump is determined according to the practical flow of subsequent technique, when requiring low pressure
When temperature of charge after preheater preheating only reaches the first preheating temperature, the output pressure that low-lift pump requires is relatively low；It is low when requiring
When temperature of charge after pressure preheater preheating reaches the second preheating temperature, the output pressure that low-lift pump requires is higher.
Further, material is pumped into the tube side of low pressure preheater (LPP by the low-lift pump, and the thermal energy of low pressure preheater (LPP comes from
The recycling thermal energy of step S4.
Further, first preheating temperature is 60~100 DEG C.At this point, the output pressure that low-lift pump requires is relatively low；
Second preheating temperature is 100~200 DEG C, at this point, the output pressure that low-lift pump requires is higher.
Further, when the temperature of charge after low pressure preheater (LPP preheating only reaches the first preheating temperature, from low pressure
The material of preheater output initially enters a normal pressure head tank, subsequently into the feed inlet of high-pressure pump；It is preheated when requiring low pressure
Temperature of charge after device preheating is when reaching the second preheating temperature, the material exported from low pressure preheater (LPP initially enter a pressure into
Batch can, subsequently into the feed inlet of high-pressure pump.
Further, the pressure-actuatable state in the pressure head tank is adjusted, and pressure inside the tank is consistently greater than the second preheating
The saturation vapour pressure of water corresponding to temperature.
Further, when the temperature of charge after requiring low pressure preheater (LPP to preheat only reaches the first preheating temperature, high-pressure pump
Outputting material initially enter high pressure pre-heater, the heat source of high pressure pre-heater is the recycling heat source of step S4, and high pressure pre-heater is defeated
The material gone out enters high-pressure heater；
When temperature of charge after requiring low pressure preheater (LPP to preheat reaches the second preheating temperature, the outputting material of high-pressure pump is straight
It taps into high-pressure heater.
Further, the high-pressure heater heats material using external heat source, and biomass material is by high pressure
After heater heating, temperature is greater than or equal to the temperature needed for biomass liquefying, and high-pressure heater is by heating medium to life
Material charge indirectly heat；
The external heat source that high-pressure heater uses is high temperature heat conductive oil, high-temperature molten salt or high-temperature steam.
Further, the output pressure of the high-pressure pump meets residual compression of the material when reaching reaction kettle and is more than life
The saturated vapour pressure of the corresponding water of substance condensing temperature.
Further, the material of step S4 mesohighs heater output keeps stopping in the state of high temperature and pressure in a kettle
It stays 10-25 minutes；Each biomass liquefying has itself corresponding most optimal retention time, increases the residence time in addition to waste one
Outside a little equipment and the energy, harm is had no to biomass liquefying.If laboratory results is to stop 5 minutes, commercial plant is logical
It often selects 10 minutes, or slightly more；If test result is 10 minutes, usually select 15 minutes, or slightly more.
The reaction kettle can also install heating device, can not also install heating device, and condition is to ensure that material
Temperature when reaction kettle stops is consistently greater than or is equal to the required temperature of biomass liquefying.
Further, filtering-depositing device is equipped in the reaction kettle so that metal is deposited and filters, after not entering
Continuous technique, to prevent its damage to subsequent process equipment.
Further, liquefied biomass flows into thermal energy recoverer in liquefied biomass in the reaction kettle
Heat recycled, thermal energy recoverer recycles thermal energy indirectly by heat medium, and it is pre- that heat medium after recovering energy flows into high pressure
Preheating equipment before the shell side of hot device and/or the liquefaction of the shell side of low pressure preheater (LPP and/or biomass solid, to life therein
Material solid material indirectly heat.
Further, the thermal energy recoverer includes that high pressure heat exchanger, medium force (forcing) pump, medium expander etc. are mainly set
It is standby；
Heat safe low pressure heat transfer agent, such as conduction oil are used in thermal energy recoverer.
Liquefied biomass enters back into cooler to liquefied biomass into one after recycling heat by thermal energy recoverer
Step cooling；If the energy in liquefying biomass is without recycling, then liquefied biomass will flow directly into cooler in reaction kettle；
The cooler is safety cooler, including high pressure heat exchanger, cooling medium force (forcing) pump, the master such as medium cooling tower
Want equipment.
Further, the liquefying biomass of cooler outflow enters decompressor decompression, the biomass after decompression
It is sent into next step biomass fuel preparation section；
The decompressor is continuous work, and installs more, and all decompressors are installed in parallel, and are pacified in parallel system
Ensure there is a decompressor forever in decompressor in parallel by detecting and automatically controlling automatically equipped with automatic switching control equipment
Normal work.
The liquefying biomass that step S4 is obtained enters subsequent bio matter preparation of fuel process and utilizes as follows：Liquefying biomass
Liquid storage tank is initially entered, liquefying biomass, which is sent into dewaterer, using positive-dispacement pump is dehydrated, and air-dry machine is re-fed into later, after air-drying
Biomass solid be re-fed into comminutor and be granulated.Heat source of the conduction oil heated as high-pressure heater.It is taken off when dehydration
The liquid waste removed is handled using membrane bioreactor (MBR).A small amount of sludge that MBR techniques generate is delivered to biomass liquefying work
The front end of skill is uniformly processed after being mixed with biomass solid.
Further, the liquid storage tank is a closing pond body, and inside, which is equipped with agitating device, prevents liquefying biomass
Precipitation, liquid storage tank top carry gas collector and are delivered to by air blower after the gas that liquefying biomass overflows is collected
The air admission hole of biomass heat-conduction oil oven, after being mixed with natural air, into biomass heat-conduction oil oven auxiliary combustion after discharge；It is described
Dewaterer can be any conventional dehydration equipment, dewaterer is prepared equipped with flocculant and adding equipment；Described air-dries
There is agitating device that can be evenly distributed in biomass solid in entire air-dry machine inside machine, it can will be therein by high wind power
Water is blown out in the form of molecule water mist, and is extracted out by air-introduced machine air-dry machine end is suitable for reading, the water mist of air-introduced machine extraction into
Enter the bottom of a filtering ponds, filtering emission of the air therein through water in filtering ponds to air, fine particle impurity therein
By the water retention in filtering ponds, filtering ponds bottom is fallen into, is periodically discharged.The moisture content of biomass solid after air-drying can be adjusted
Section, to meet requirement of the biomass heat-conduction thermo oil boiler to water-in-fuel rate.The size of biomass solid after the granulation can
To adjust, to meet requirement of the biomass boiler for fuel size.
Biomass solid, that is, biomass fuel after granulation, a portion are as the fuel of biomass heat-conduction thermo oil boiler
Heat-conducting oil heating, heat source of the conduction oil as high-pressure heater after heating, extra biomass fuel can be used as it and use.Work as height
When pressure heater has other heat sources to be heated for it, biomass fuel can all make as the fuel of other industry or commercial device
With.
The exhaust gas generated in entire technique, using desulfurization and dedusting, is led to again by slagging-off after reaching discharge standard
Smoke stack emission is crossed to air；The mistake of the multiple pollutants such as denitrogenation, removal BOD, COD can be achieved using membrane bioreactor (MBR)
Journey, the discharge standard of MBR treated water quality will directly reach local codes, treated water can direct emission, it is also recyclable
It utilizes.After a small amount of excess sludge that membrane biological reactor process generates is mixed with biomass solid supplied materials, as biomass solid
Processing.
Compared with prior art, the present invention considerably reduces original biomass by being heated to original biomass solid
The viscosity of solid, to reduce the processing pressure of later liquefaction technique；By completing partly or entirely pre- place in low pressure stage
Reason, greatly reduces the processing pressure of high-pressure process section；It is recycled using indirect type thermal energy, reduces the pressure of heat reclaiming system
Power；By using biomass boiler, by the part in biomass solid locally with reducing thermal energy transmission and business procurement
Cost；The metal used in technique intercepts, and dry matter air-dries the performance for waiting and also further improving technique.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of integrated artistic flow chart of biomass fuel production method in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention, and the temperature of charge after low pressure preheater (LPP preheating reaches the technique stream of the first preheating temperature
Cheng Tu.
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention, and the temperature of charge after low pressure preheater (LPP preheating reaches the technique stream of the second preheating temperature
Cheng Tu.
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the present invention, biomass fuel preparation technology flow chart.
In figure：1, bottom feed bin, 2, sticky material delivery pump, 3, high hopper, 4, the apparatus for feeding with heating function, 5,
Positive-dispacement pump A, 6, shredding machine, 7, filter, 8, grug feeding jar, 9, medicament prepares and drug delivery system, 10, low-lift pump A, 11,
Low pressure preheater (LPP, 12, head tank, 13, high-pressure pump, 14, high pressure pre-heater, 15, high-pressure heater, 17, reaction kettle, 18, thermal energy
Recover, 19, conduction oil boost in pressure pump, 20, expansion slot A, 21, safety cooler, 22, bus-bar, 23, pressure reducing valve A, 24,
Pressure reducing valve B, 25, pressure reducing valve C, 30, security personnel's cooling pump, 31, high-order cooling tower, 41, liquid storage tank, 42, positive-dispacement pump B, 43, dehydration
Machine, 44, adding of agent equipment, 45, conveyer, 46, air-dry machine, 47, comminutor, 48, biomass heat-conduction thermo oil boiler, 49, overflow
Gas transfer pump, 50, Heat-transfer Oil Pump, 51, expansion slot B, 52, cyclone separator, 53, desulfurating dust-removing equipment, 54, chimney, 60, de-
Aqueous elevator pump, 61, membrane bioreactor, 101, biomass solid feed line, 102, biomass solid raw material riser,
103, warming-up device charge pipe, 104, shredding machine charge pipe, 105, filter charge pipe, 106, grug feeding jar charge pipe, 107 plus
Medicinal cupping efferent duct, 108, low pressure preheater (LPP input pipe, 109, low pressure preheater (LPP efferent duct, 110, normal pressure head tank efferent duct,
201, input pipe, 202, high-pressure heater input pipe, 203, high-pressure heater efferent duct, 204, reaction kettle efferent duct, 205, heat
Can recover efferent duct, 206, safety cooler efferent duct, 301, thermal energy recoverer hot-fluid efferent duct, 302, high pressure pre-heater heat
Flow efferent duct, 303, low pressure preheater (LPP hot-fluid efferent duct, 304, warming-up device hot-fluid efferent duct, 305, thermal energy recoverer hot-fluid it is defeated
Enter pipe, 401, liquid storage tank input pipe, 402, liquid storage tank efferent duct, 403, dewaterer input pipe, 404, dewaterer efferent duct, 405,
Air-dry machine input pipe, 406, air-dry machine efferent duct, 407, comminutor efferent duct, 409, gas-collecting pipe, 410, to collect gas defeated
Enter pipe, 411, removing water delivery pipe, 501, high temperature heating agent input pipe, 502, low temperature heating agent efferent duct, 601, membrane bioreactor
Input pipe, 602, qualified water discharge pipe, 701, the output of residual biomass fuel.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Biomass solid in embodiment be for
Municipal sludge, feed sludge moisture content are 80%, and feeding temperature is 15 DEG C.
Embodiment 1
Temperature of charge after the preheating of this example mesolow preheater reaches the first preheating temperature, and technological process is as shown in Figure 2.
Biomass solid reaches sticky material delivery pump 2 from bottom feed bin 1 by biomass solid feed line 101, then through biology
Matter solid fuel riser 102 is promoted to high hopper 3, then through screw conveyor (not shown) and leads to from high hopper 3
It crosses warming-up device charge pipe 103 and is delivered to the apparatus for feeding 4 with heating function.In this example, the apparatus for feeding 4 with heating function
The heating heat source used is recycling heat source, and heating mode is indirectly heat.Biomass material is in the apparatus for feeding 4 with heating function
After inside being preheated, reach 40 DEG C, flows into positive-dispacement pump 5.Positive-dispacement pump 5 pressurizes biomass material, by shredding machine plus
Expects pipe 104 is delivered to shredding machine 6, then is delivered to filter 7 by filter charge pipe 105, then passes through grug feeding jar charge pipe 106
It is that prepared by medicament and drug delivery system, the medicament added are antisludging agent to be delivered to grug feeding jar 8,9, prevents material subsequent heat
When the fouling in heat exchanger tube.Material after dosing enters low-lift pump 10 by grug feeding jar efferent duct 107.Low-lift pump 10 is by object
After material pressurization, low pressure preheater (LPP 11 is sent into through low pressure preheater (LPP input pipe 108.Material reaches first through the preheating of low pressure preheater (LPP 11
After 80 DEG C of preheating temperature, enter head tank 12 through low pressure preheater (LPP efferent duct 109, head tank 12 is normal pressure head tank, head tank
Material in 12 enters high-pressure pump 13 through head tank efferent duct 110.
High-pressure pump 13 pressurizes material, enters high pressure pre-heater 14 by input pipe 201, high pressure pre-heater 14 uses recycling
Heat source.Material reaches 160 DEG C in high pressure pre-heater, enters high-pressure heater 15 by high-pressure heater input pipe 202.High temperature
Heating agent flows into the high temperature side of high-pressure heater 15 by high temperature heating agent input pipe 501, and low temperature heating agent is low from high-pressure heater 15
Warm side outflow, returns through low temperature heating agent efferent duct 502.After material after heating reaches 250 DEG C of biomass liquefying temperature, pass through height
Heater efferent duct 203 is pressed to enter reaction kettle 17.Liquefied liquefying biomass is from 17 reacted kettle efferent duct 204 of reaction kettle
Into thermal energy recoverer 18, the liquefying biomass temperature after thermal energy recycling drops to 100 DEG C, then passes through thermal energy recoverer efferent duct
205 are cooled further to 40 DEG C into safety cooler 21.Safety cooler 21 is an indirect cooler, and cooling medium is from guarantor
Peace cooling pump 30 is pumped into the low temperature side of safety cooler 21, and the cooling medium of 21 high temperature side of safety cooler flows into high-order cooling tower
31, medium after cooling is re-circulated into security personnel's cooling pump 21.Liquefying biomass after cooling passes through safety cooler efferent duct
206 enter bus-bar 22.Pressure reducing valve A 23, pressure reducing valve B 24 and pressure reducing valve C 25 are connect with bus-bar 22, when system operation, are begun
There are one pressure reducing valves to open eventually, remaining pressure reducing valve is closed.When the pressure reducing valve in a job blocks, another pressure reducing valve meeting
It automatically opens.There are 3 pressure reducing valves to be installed in parallel in the present embodiment.The outlet of pressure reducing valve is connected to liquid storage tank input pipe 401, liquefaction
Biomass is delivered to subsequent biomass fuel preparation section by pipeline 401.
Thermal energy recoverer 18 recycles the thermal energy of High-temperature Liquefaction biomass by conduction oil indirectly.The conduction oil heated is from warm
The high temperature side of energy recover 18 is passed through thermal energy recoverer hot-fluid efferent duct 301, enters the high temperature side of high pressure pre-heater 14 later, then
Enter the high temperature side of low pressure preheater (LPP 11 through high pressure pre-heater hot-fluid efferent duct 302 from the low temperature side of high pressure pre-heater 14, then from
The low temperature side of low pressure preheater (LPP 11 enters the high temperature side of warming-up device 4, warming-up device 4 through low pressure preheater (LPP hot-fluid efferent duct 303
The heated equipment hot-fluid efferent duct of low temperature side 304 be back to the input terminal of conduction oil boost in pressure pump 19, heat conduction oil pressure carries
Pump 19 is risen by after conduction oil boost in pressure, the low temperature side of thermal energy recoverer 18 is entered through thermal energy recoverer hot-fluid input pipe 305, is led
Deep fat passes through above-mentioned circuit iterative cycles.Expansion slot A 20 is installed on thermal energy recoverer hot-fluid efferent duct 301.
Embodiment 2
This example mesolow preheater preheating after temperature of charge reach the second preheating temperature, technological process as shown in figure 3,
Biomass solid is municipal sludge, and feed sludge moisture content is 80%, and feeding temperature is 15 DEG C.As shown in Figure 1, biomass solid
Sticky material delivery pump 2 is reached from bottom feed bin 1 by biomass solid feed line 101, then through biomass solid fuel
Riser 102 is promoted to high hopper 3, then through screw conveyor (not shown) and passes through warming-up device from high hopper 3
Charge pipe 103 is delivered to the apparatus for feeding 4 with heating function.In this example, heating that the apparatus for feeding with heating function uses
Heat source is recycling heat source, and heating mode is indirectly heat.Biomass material carries out pre-add in the apparatus for feeding 4 with heating function
After heat, reach 40 DEG C, flows into positive-dispacement pump 5.Positive-dispacement pump 5 pressurizes biomass material, is conveyed by shredding machine charge pipe 104
It is delivered to filter 7 to shredding machine 6, then by filter charge pipe 105, then dosing is delivered to by grug feeding jar charge pipe 106
Tank 8,9 is that prepared by medicament and drug delivery system, the medicament added are antisludging agent, in heat exchanger when preventing material subsequent heat
Fouling in pipeline.Material after dosing enters low-lift pump 10 by grug feeding jar efferent duct 107.After low-lift pump 10 pressurizes material,
It is sent into low pressure preheater (LPP 11 through low pressure preheater (LPP input pipe 108.Material reaches the second preheating temperature through the preheating of low pressure preheater (LPP 11
After 160 DEG C, enter head tank 12 through low pressure preheater (LPP efferent duct 109, head tank 12 is pressure head tank, in pressure head tank
Pressure adjustable section.
Material in head tank 12 enters high-pressure pump 13, and the material after pressurization enters high-pressure heater through input pipe 201 again
15.High temperature heating agent flows into the high temperature side of high-pressure heater 15 by high temperature heating agent input pipe 501, and low temperature heating agent is from high-pressure heater
15 low temperature side outflow, returns through low temperature heating agent efferent duct 502.After material after heating reaches 250 DEG C of biomass liquefying temperature,
Enter reaction kettle 17 by high-pressure heater efferent duct 203.Liquefied liquefying biomass is defeated from 17 reacted kettle of reaction kettle
Outlet pipe 204 enters thermal energy recoverer 18, and the liquefying biomass temperature after thermal energy recycling drops to 100 DEG C, then is recycled by thermal energy
Device efferent duct 205 is cooled further to 40 DEG C into safety cooler 21.Safety cooler 21 is an indirect cooler, cooling
Medium is pumped into the low temperature side of safety cooler 21 from security personnel's cooling pump 30, and the cooling medium of 21 high temperature side of safety cooler flows into height
Position cooling tower 31, medium after cooling are re-circulated into security personnel's cooling pump 21.Liquefying biomass after cooling is cooled down by ensuring public security
Device efferent duct 206 enters bus-bar 22.Pressure reducing valve A 23, pressure reducing valve B 24 and pressure reducing valve C 25 are connect with bus-bar 22, system
When operation, there are one pressure reducing valves to open always, remaining pressure reducing valve is closed.It is another when the pressure reducing valve in a job blocks
A pressure reducing valve can automatically open.There are 3 pressure reducing valves to be installed in parallel in this example.The outlet of pressure reducing valve is connected to liquid storage tank input pipe
401, liquefying biomass is delivered to subsequent biomass fuel preparation section by pipeline 401.
Thermal energy recoverer 18 recycles the thermal energy of High-temperature Liquefaction biomass by conduction oil indirectly.The conduction oil heated is from warm
The high temperature side of energy recover 18 is passed through thermal energy recoverer hot-fluid efferent duct 301, enters the high temperature side of high pressure pre-heater 14 later, then
Enter the high temperature side of low pressure preheater (LPP 11 through high pressure pre-heater hot-fluid efferent duct 302 from the low temperature side of high pressure pre-heater 14, then from
The low temperature side of low pressure preheater (LPP 11 enters the high temperature side of warming-up device 4, warming-up device 4 through low pressure preheater (LPP hot-fluid efferent duct 303
The heated equipment hot-fluid efferent duct of low temperature side 304 be back to the input terminal of conduction oil boost in pressure pump 19, heat conduction oil pressure carries
Pump 19 is risen by after conduction oil boost in pressure, the low temperature side of thermal energy recoverer 18 is entered through thermal energy recoverer hot-fluid input pipe 305, is led
Deep fat passes through above-mentioned circuit iterative cycles.Expansion slot A 20 is installed on thermal energy recoverer hot-fluid efferent duct 301.
Embodiment 3
Biomass fuel is prepared and is used.
The process that biomass fuel is prepared and used is as shown in figure 4, the liquefying biomass cooled down is defeated by liquid storage tank
Enter pipe 401 and enters liquid storage tank 41.Low-speed agitator is equipped in liquid storage tank prevents the solid in liquefying biomass from precipitating with this.Storage
Liquefying biomass in liquid pool enters positive-dispacement pump B 42 by liquid storage tank efferent duct 402, and positive-dispacement pump B is inputted by dewaterer
Liquefying biomass is pumped into dewaterer 43 by pipe 403.Adding of agent equipment 44 is before liquefying biomass enters dewaterer 43 to dehydration
Flocculation medicament is added in liquefying biomass in machine input pipe 403, biomass solid fuel is obtained with this, by dewatered biology
Matter solid fuel moisture content is 40%, then enters conveyer 45 by dewaterer efferent duct 404, and conveyer 45 is defeated by air-dry machine
Biomass solid fuel is sent into air-dry machine 46 by outlet pipe 405, and the biomass solid fuel moisture content after air-drying is 20% or less.Wind
Biomass solid fuel after dry is sent into comminutor 47 by air-dry machine efferent duct 406.Biomass solid fuel after granulation is
For refined biometric matter fuel, part biological matter fuel is sent into biomass heat-conduction thermo oil boiler 48 by comminutor efferent duct 407 and burns,
For heat-conducting oil heating, remaining biomass fuel is exported by pipeline 701, as other biological matter fuel utilization, is heated to 270
DEG C conduction oil enter Heat-transfer Oil Pump 50, conduction oil is delivered to high pressure by Heat-transfer Oil Pump efferent duct 501 and added by Heat-transfer Oil Pump 50
Hot device 15, for biomass solid liquefaction heating, 501 top of pipeline is equipped with expansion slot B 51.The conduction oil being recycled back into passes through
Pipeline 502 returns to biomass heat-conduction oil oven 48.
The liquid COD5 that water treatment procedure in technological process removes when as shown in figure 4, being dehydrated is 18000mg/L, and BOD is
8000mg/L, total nitrogen 1400mg/L are sent into dehydration liquid elevator pump 60 by removing water delivery pipe 411, and elevator pump 60 passes through film
Dehydration liquid is promoted to membrane bioreactor 61 and handled by bioreactor input pipe 601.Water COD after MBR process is
60mg/L, BOD5 1mg/L, total nitrogen 5mg/L, are discharged from qualified water discharge pipe 602, and the liquid of the discharge can be arranged directly
It puts, also recycling, the sludge that MBR techniques generate is by pipeline to bottom feed bin 1, after being mixed with supplied materials biomass solid
It handles together.
The gas treating process of spilling in technological process as shown in figure 4, the gas that overflows of liquid storage tank top by exhaust fan
It is extracted out by gas collection pipeline 409, the air inlet of biomass heat-conduction thermo oil boiler 48 is delivered to by collecting gas inlet pipe 410
Mouthful, the source of oxygen after being mixed with air as biomass heat-conduction thermo oil boiler 48.The gas that biomass heat-conduction thermo oil boiler 48 is discharged
By entering cyclone separator 52, the dust particles in gas are removed with this process, the gas that cyclone separator 52 is discharged enters
Desulfurating dust-removing equipment 53 removes sulfide in gas and fine solid particle with this, and the gas that desulfurating dust-removing equipment 53 is discharged is by chimney
54 discharges.
Claims (18)
1. a kind of method that biomass fuel makes, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1, biomass solid material preheating；
S2, the biomass solid material after preheating enter positive-dispacement pump, under the driving of positive-dispacement pump by chopping, filtering and
After agent-feeding treatment, it is sent into low-lift pump, material is input to low pressure preheater (LPP by low-lift pump；
Material is heated up to be sent into high-pressure pump after the first preheating temperature by S3, low pressure preheater (LPP, and high-pressure pump will be sent after material repressurization
Enter high pressure pre-heater, high pressure pre-heater enters back into high-pressure heater after material is heated up to the second preheating temperature；
Alternatively, low pressure preheater (LPP is sent into high-pressure pump after material to be directly heated up to the second preheating temperature, high-pressure pump adds material again
Pressure, material enter high-pressure heater；
Material is heated to condensing temperature by S4, high-pressure heater, subsequently into reaction kettle, the material that is flowed out from reaction kettle successively into
Enter thermal energy recoverer, cooler, then depressurize, finally produce liquefying biomass, is sent into subsequent biomass fuel preparation section,
The part of fuel produced provides thermal energy by biomass boiler for step S3.
2. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 makes, which is characterized in that biomass solid material is pre-
Heating is using independent thermal source or uses recycling heat source；
The independent thermal source is electricity, hot water or superheated steam；
The recycling heat source is the thermal energy recycled from liquefied high-temperature biomass, and thermal energy recycling passes through an indirect type
Heat transfer agent in thermal energy recoverer.
3. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 2 makes, which is characterized in that the independent thermal source or
Recycling in the heating equipment used when heat source heating biological matter solid has the ancillary equipment with agitating function He chopping function.
4. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 makes, which is characterized in that the chopping be by compared with
Fibre cutting included in big particle or biomass solid material；
The filtering is that particle is more than to the material filtering for limiting size, limits the ranging from 1-2mm of size；
The dosing is to receive the medicament come from medicine machine conveying using chemicals dosing plant so that medicament and biomass solid object
Material is sufficiently mixed, meanwhile, also have the function of to adsorb and precipitate in chemicals dosing plant, removes harmful gold in biomass solid material
Belong to, the medicine machine includes grug feeding jar, medicament preparation facilities and metering pump.
5. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 makes, which is characterized in that the low-lift pump is by object
Material is pumped into the tube side of low pressure preheater (LPP, recycling thermal energy of the thermal energy from step S4 of low pressure preheater (LPP.
6. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 makes, which is characterized in that the first preheating temperature
Degree is 60~100 DEG C；Second preheating temperature is 100~200 DEG C.
7. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 makes, which is characterized in that the low pressure preheater (LPP
When temperature of charge after preheating only reaches the first preheating temperature, from low pressure preheater (LPP export material initially enter a normal pressure into
Batch can, subsequently into the feed inlet of high-pressure pump；Temperature of charge after requiring low pressure preheater (LPP to preheat reaches the second preheating temperature
When, the material exported from low pressure preheater (LPP initially enters a pressure head tank, subsequently into the feed inlet of high-pressure pump.
8. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 7 makes, which is characterized in that the pressure head tank
Interior pressure-actuatable state is adjusted, and pressure inside the tank is consistently greater than the saturation vapour pressure of the water corresponding to the second preheating temperature.
9. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 makes, which is characterized in that when requiring low pressure preheater (LPP
When temperature of charge after preheating only reaches the first preheating temperature, the outputting material of high-pressure pump initially enters high pressure pre-heater, high pressure
The heat source of preheater is the recycling heat source of step S4, and the material of high pressure pre-heater output enters high-pressure heater；
When temperature of charge after requiring low pressure preheater (LPP to preheat reaches the second preheating temperature, the outputting material of high-pressure pump directly into
Enter high-pressure heater.
10. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 makes, which is characterized in that the hyperbaric heating
Device heats material using external heat source, and for biomass material after being heated by high-pressure heater, temperature is greater than or equal to life
Temperature needed for substance liquefaction, high-pressure heater is by heating medium to biomass material indirectly heat；
The external heat source that high-pressure heater uses is high temperature heat conductive oil, high-temperature molten salt or high-temperature steam.
11. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 makes, which is characterized in that the high-pressure pump
Output pressure meets the saturated vapor that residual compression of the material when reaching reaction kettle is more than the corresponding water of biomass liquefying temperature
Pressure.
12. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 makes, which is characterized in that step S4 mesohighs add
The material of hot device output stops 10-25 minutes in the reaction kettle under high-temperature high-pressure state；
Heating device is installed in the reaction kettle, temperature of the material when reaction kettle stops is made to be consistently greater than or equal to biology
The required temperature of matter liquefaction；
Filtering-depositing device is equipped in the reaction kettle so that metal is deposited and filters.
13. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 makes, which is characterized in that in the reaction kettle
Liquefied biomass flows into thermal energy recoverer and is recycled to the heat in liquefied biomass, and thermal energy recoverer passes through heat
Medium recycles thermal energy indirectly, the heat medium inflow or the shell side of high pressure pre-heater after recovering energy and/or the shell of low pressure preheater (LPP
Preheating equipment before journey and/or biomass solid liquefaction, to biomass solid material indirectly heat therein.
14. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 or 13 makes, which is characterized in that the thermal energy
Recover includes high pressure heat exchanger, medium force (forcing) pump, medium expander；
Heat safe low pressure heat transfer agent is used in thermal energy recoverer.
15. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 or 13 makes, which is characterized in that liquefied biology
Matter enters back into cooler and is further cooled down to liquefied biomass after recycling heat by thermal energy recoverer；Such as liquefy biology
Energy in matter is without recycling, then liquefied biomass will flow directly into cooler in reaction kettle；
The cooler is safety cooler, including high pressure heat exchanger, cooling medium force (forcing) pump, medium cooling tower.
16. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 makes, which is characterized in that the cooler stream
The liquefying biomass gone out enters decompressor decompression, and the biomass after decompression is sent into next step biomass fuel preparation section；
The decompressor is continuous work, and installs more, and all decompressors are installed in parallel, and are equipped in parallel system
Automatic switching control equipment ensures have a decompressor normal forever in decompressor in parallel by detecting and automatically controlling automatically
Work.
17. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 1 makes, which is characterized in that the liquid that step S4 is obtained
The subsequent bio matter preparation of fuel process of metaplasia substance entrance simultaneously utilizes as follows：Liquefying biomass initially enters liquid storage tank, uses
Positive-dispacement pump by liquefying biomass be sent into dewaterer dehydration, be re-fed into air-dry machine air-dry after, be then fed into comminutor granulation, be made
Biomass fuel, part biological matter fuel are conduction-oil warming, the heat conduction after heating as the fuel of biomass heat-conduction thermo oil boiler
Heat source of the oil as high-pressure heater, the liquid that when dehydration removes use Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment, Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment
The sludge that technique generates is delivered to the front end of biomass liquefying process, is uniformly processed after being mixed with biomass solid.
18. the method that a kind of biomass fuel according to claim 17 makes, which is characterized in that the liquid storage tank is
One closing pond body, inside, which is equipped with agitating device, prevents liquefying biomass from precipitating, and gas collector, liquid are arranged at liquid storage tank top
After the gas that metaplasia substance overflows is collected, the air admission hole of biomass heat-conduction oil oven is delivered to by overflowing gas transfer pump, with
Natural air mixing after, into biomass heat-conduction oil oven auxiliary combustion after discharge.
The dewaterer is conventional dehydration equipment, and dewaterer is prepared equipped with flocculant and adding equipment, and when dehydration removes
Liquid use Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment, membrane bioreactor have denitrogenation, remove BOD, COD function, membrane bioreactor
Water quality that treated directly reaches the discharge standard of local code, water direct emission that treated, or recycles；
There is agitating device that biomass solid is evenly distributed in entire air-dry machine inside the air-dry machine, passes through high-pressure blast
Power blows out water therein in the form of molecule water mist, and is extracted out by air-introduced machine air-dry machine end is suitable for reading, and air-introduced machine is taken out
The water mist gone out enters the bottom of a filtering ponds, and filtering emission of the air therein through water in filtering ponds to air is therein thin
Little particle impurity is retained by the water in filtering ponds, falls into filtering ponds bottom, periodically discharge cleaning, the biomass solid after air-drying
Moisture content can be adjusted, and to meet requirement of the biomass heat-conduction thermo oil boiler to water-in-fuel rate, the biomass solid after air-drying is sent
Enter comminutor, the size of the biomass solid after granulation can be adjusted, to meet requirement of the biomass boiler for fuel size.
Biomass solid, that is, biomass fuel after granulation, a portion are heat conduction as the fuel of biomass heat-conduction thermo oil boiler
Oil heating, heat source of the conduction oil as high-pressure heater after heating, extra biomass fuel can be used as its use, when high pressure plus
When hot device has other heat sources to be heated for it, fuel of the biomass fuel all as other industry or commercial device uses, biology
The gas of matter heat conducting oil boiler discharge reaches after discharge standard by slagging-off, desulfurization and dedusting again by smoke stack emission to air.
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