CN108529928A - 一种砂质吸声板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种砂质吸声板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108529928A
CN108529928A CN201810643116.5A CN201810643116A CN108529928A CN 108529928 A CN108529928 A CN 108529928A CN 201810643116 A CN201810643116 A CN 201810643116A CN 108529928 A CN108529928 A CN 108529928A
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刘志徽
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种砂质吸声板及其制备方法，其中，该板主要由至少两块组合一体成型的吸声材料本体组成；所述的吸声材料本体是由天然圆粒石英砂和树脂胶混合后压制而成；所述两块吸声本体之间设置有分别涂敷于两块吸声本体表面的粘结剂覆盖层；所述一体成型的吸声材料经树脂胶和粘结剂覆盖层后天然圆粒石英砂颗粒间的空隙形成吸声孔隙。本发明具有获得较好的吸声效果的效果。

Description

一种砂质吸声板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑用吸声材料，特别涉及一种广泛应用于音乐厅、影剧院、录音室、演播厅、会议室、体育馆、展览馆、歌舞厅、KTV包房等公众场所的地面、墙面和天花板中的砂质吸声板及其制备方法。
背景技术
声音源于物体的振动，它引起邻近空气的振动而形成声波，并在空气介质中向四周传播。当声音传入构件材料表面时，声能一部分被反射，一部分穿透材料，还有一部分由于构件材料的振动或声音在其中传播时与周围介质摩擦，由声能转化成热能，声能被损耗。所以吸声材料大多为疏松多孔的材料，其吸声原理是声波深入材料的孔隙，且孔隙多为内部互相贯通的开口孔，受到空气分子摩擦和孔隙内部反射阻力，以及使细小纤维作机械振动，从而使声能转变为热能，达到吸音效果。目前，市面的多孔吸声材料本身拥有大量的、开放的、相互贯通的空隙，声波顺着这些微孔进入材料内部，引起空隙中空气的振动，在空气黏滞阻力、空气与孔壁的摩擦和热传导作用下，将一部分声能转化为热能而被损耗。常见的多孔吸声材料有矿棉、玻璃棉、聚酯纤维、木丝板、泡沫铝等。但多数多孔吸声材料的装饰性不强，或者生产工艺较为复杂。吸声材料是借自身的多孔性、薄膜作用或共振作用而对入射声能具有吸收作用的材料，按其物理性能和吸声方式可分为多孔性吸声材料和共振吸声结构两大类。譬如，吸声材料为圆孔板制作成消声屏障普通的圆孔吸音板孔径5-8mm左右，圆孔板主要是内部纤维性吸音材料的护板，圆孔板穿孔率一般为25％。消声屏障的降噪生频率主要源于孔板和内部填充的吸音材料，所以表面孔的大小直接影响消声屏障的吸音效果。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种获得较好的吸声效果的一种砂质吸声板及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的一种砂质吸声板，其中，该板主要由至少两块组合一体成型的吸声材料本体组成；所述的吸声材料本体是由天然圆粒石英砂和树脂胶混合后压制而成；所述两块吸声本体之间设置有分别涂敷于两块吸声本体表面的粘结剂覆盖层；所述一体成型的吸声材料经树脂胶和粘结剂覆盖层后天然圆粒石英砂颗粒间的空隙形成吸声孔隙。由此，通过天然圆粒石英砂颗粒的粒径大小调整，可实现不同频率声波的吸收。通过吸声材料本体成品厚度的调整，可实现吸音系数的实际需求变化；通过不同高分子树脂性能调整，实现不同形状和建筑需求。
在一些实施方式中，树脂胶为高分子合成树脂是由多种树脂原料合成的一类主链不含有不饱和结构的碳氢化合物，其制得丙烯酸酯涂料,也可以是环氧或者聚氨酯等高分子树脂。
在一些实施方式中，天然圆粒石英砂颗粒的0.1mm-4mm。
另一目的是提供一种砂质吸声板的制备方法，其中，具体步骤如下：
(1)选取天然圆粒石英砂颗粒，之后与树脂胶充分混合并搅拌均匀；
(2)利用成型模具内按设计要求放置数块设定形状的隔板，将成型模具分隔为数个区域；
(3)按设计要求将覆完树脂胶分别装入各自的区域内；
(4)之后，拍打或压实的方式使不同区域内的天然圆粒石英砂颗粒通过树脂胶结合并初步成型吸声材料本体；在树脂胶固化前，将所述的隔板取出，之后再采用拍打或压实的方式使初步成型吸声材料本体相互交合粘结在一起，形成一块一体成型的吸声材料本体；
(5)最后，待树脂胶完全固化后，将成型模具脱模，即可制得吸声材料本体。
本发明的有益效果是获得较好的吸声效果。由于采用天然圆粒石英砂与树脂胶混合后压制而成。天然圆粒石英砂是经天然石英破碎磨圆而成，莫氏硬度高，颗粒浑圆无尖角和片状颗粒，无杂质纯度高，高含硅量，高耐火度。而树脂胶为高分子合成树脂，其是由多种树脂原料合成的一类主链不含有不饱和结构的碳氢化合物,具有优异的光稳定性和耐候性,其制得的丙烯酸酯涂料具有良好的耐水、耐碱、耐化学品和粘结性能,在建筑物、户外构造物表面涂覆等方面有广泛的应用。另外，天然圆粒石英砂中包括粒径在0.1mm-4mm的TiO2称为纳米TiO2其具有的超亲水性和光催化活性,无毒无味、无刺激性、热稳定性与耐热性好、不燃烧等优点,通过原位聚合用于改性丙烯酸酯类涂料的耐候性、抗菌性,可以大大提高涂料的使用寿命。如此，能够很好吸收噪音及防止室内声音强烈而影响室内环境。让你在开会、听报告或欣赏音乐时能够获得很好的音质效果。用现代技术生产的纤维吸音装饰为改善室内音质提供了一条有效途径。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1所示，一种砂质吸声板，该板主要由至少两块组合一体成型的吸声材料本体1组成。吸声材料本体1是由天然圆粒石英砂11和树脂胶混合后压制而成。两块吸声本体之间设置有分别涂敷于两块吸声本体表面的粘结剂覆盖层12。一体成型的吸声材料经树脂胶和粘结剂覆盖层12后天然圆粒石英砂11颗粒间的空隙形成吸声孔隙。树脂胶为高分子合成树脂是由多种树脂原料合成的一类主链不含有不饱和结构的碳氢化合物，其制得丙烯酸酯涂料,也可以是环氧或者聚氨酯等高分子树脂。天然圆粒石英砂11颗粒的0.1mm-4mm。
一种砂质吸声板的制备方法，其中，具体步骤如下：(1)选取天然圆粒石英砂11颗粒，之后与树脂胶充分混合并搅拌均匀；(2)利用成型模具内按设计要求放置数块设定形状的隔板，将成型模具分隔为数个区域；(3)按设计要求将覆完树脂胶分别装入各自的区域内；(4)之后，拍打或压实的方式使不同区域内的天然圆粒石英砂11颗粒通过树脂胶结合并初步成型吸声材料本体1；在树脂胶固化前，将所述的隔板取出，之后再采用拍打或压实的方式使初步成型吸声材料本体1相互交合粘结在一起，形成一块一体成型的吸声材料本体1；(5)最后，待树脂胶完全固化后，将成型模具脱模，即可制得吸声材料本体1。
应用时，采用天然圆粒石英砂11与树脂胶混合后压制而成。天然圆粒石英砂11是经天然石英破碎磨圆而成，莫氏硬度高，颗粒浑圆无尖角和片状颗粒，无杂质纯度高，高含硅量，高耐火度。而树脂胶为高分子合成树脂，其是由多种树脂原料合成的一类主链不含有不饱和结构的碳氢化合物,具有优异的光稳定性和耐候性,其制得的丙烯酸酯涂料具有良好的耐水、耐碱、耐化学品和粘结性能,在建筑物、户外构造物表面涂覆等方面有广泛的应用。另外，天然圆粒石英砂11中包括粒径在0.1mm-4mm的TiO2称为纳米TiO2其具有的超亲水性和光催化活性,无毒无味、无刺激性、热稳定性与耐热性好、不燃烧等优点,通过原位聚合用于改性丙烯酸酯类涂料的耐候性、抗菌性,可以大大提高涂料的使用寿命。如此，能够很好吸收噪音及防止室内声音强烈而影响室内环境。让你在开会、听报告或欣赏音乐时能够获得很好的音质效果。用现代技术生产的纤维吸音装饰为改善室内音质提供了一条有效途径。
以上所述的仅是本发明的一些实施方式。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种砂质吸声板，其特征在于，该板主要由至少两块组合一体成型的吸声材料本体组成；所述的吸声材料本体是由天然圆粒石英砂和树脂胶混合后压制而成；所述两块吸声本体之间设置有分别涂敷于两块吸声本体表面的粘结剂覆盖层；所述一体成型的吸声材料经树脂胶和粘结剂覆盖层后天然圆粒石英砂颗粒间的空隙形成吸声孔隙。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种砂质吸声板，其特征在于，所述的树脂胶为高分子合成树脂是由多种树脂原料合成的一类主链不含有不饱和结构的碳氢化合物，其制得丙烯酸酯涂料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种砂质吸声板，其特征在于，所述的天然圆粒石英砂颗粒的0.1mm-4mm。
4.一种砂质吸声板的制备方法，其中，具体步骤如下：
(1)选取天然圆粒石英砂颗粒，之后与树脂胶充分混合并搅拌均匀；
(2)利用成型模具内按设计要求放置数块设定形状的隔板，将成型模具分隔为数个区域；
(3)按设计要求将覆完树脂胶分别装入各自的区域内；
(4)之后，拍打或压实的方式使不同区域内的天然圆粒石英砂颗粒通过树脂胶结合并初步成型吸声材料本体；在树脂胶固化前，将所述的隔板取出，之后再采用拍打或压实的方式使初步成型吸声材料本体相互交合粘结在一起，形成一块一体成型的吸声材料本体；
(5)最后，待树脂胶完全固化后，将成型模具脱模，即可制得吸声材料本体。
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