CN108524999B - 一种慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108524999B
CN108524999B CN201810417353.XA CN201810417353A CN108524999B CN 108524999 B CN108524999 B CN 108524999B CN 201810417353 A CN201810417353 A CN 201810417353A CN 108524999 B CN108524999 B CN 108524999B
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高晶
郭慧文
段红梅
张俊
王璐
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜及其制备方法。所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜,其特征在于,包括伤口pH响应性缓释层以及包裹在伤口pH响应性缓释层外侧的速释层;所述的速释层包含高分子聚合物和抗菌药物;所述的伤口pH响应性缓释层包含高分子聚合物、抗菌药物和酸度敏感性物质。本发明制备方法简单,材料易得,处理和使用安全;本发明所制备的医用敷膜速释层载体材料和缓释层载体材料具有不同的功能,且通过精细化结构调控和酸度敏感性物质的pH响应,控制速释层和缓释层药物的阶段性释放,满足伤口不同愈合阶段的需求,实现慢性伤口的长效修复。

Description

一种慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜及其制备方法,属于智能生物医用材料领域。
背景技术
随着社会的不断发展和人口老龄化的加剧,慢性伤口患者的比例也越来越大。所谓慢性伤口,是指由于不能依照程序按时封闭伤口,并导致伤口部位结构上的缺损的伤口,如糖尿病足溃疡、压疮、下肢血管性溃疡及其它难愈合性创面。由于慢性伤口具有更复杂的微生物环境,伤口在进入炎性期时,感染难以控制,同时,在伤口愈合过程中,由于缺乏生长因子等活性成分,使得慢性创面治疗效果十分有限,因此,慢性伤口的治疗长期以来一直是医学领域试图攻克的难题。
伤口的愈合程序可以分为四个时期:血球凝聚期、炎症期、细胞增生期和修复塑形期,因此,理想的医用敷料应该满足伤口在不同愈合阶段的需求,即在伤口进入血球凝聚期时,释放止血因子即时止血;在伤口进入炎性期时,释放长效抗菌物质防止伤口的反复感染;而当伤口处于细胞增生期和修复塑性期时,释放生长因子等活性物质促进创面上皮化和重塑。CN104338173A中公开了一种海藻酸敷料,通过为伤口提供湿性环境、快速止血治疗慢性伤口;CN105999362A中公开了一种含有抗菌药物的医用复合海藻酸盐敷料,通过保持伤口的湿性环境和预防敏感细菌的感染治疗慢性伤口;CN105536040A及CN106729927A中公开了一种水凝胶敷料,其中含有改性生物活性玻璃,通过促进伤口愈合治疗慢性伤口。以上述专利为代表的目前对慢性伤口的研究,虽均负载了功能不同的活性物质用以抗菌或促进伤口愈合,但却均忽略了慢性伤口在修复过程中的复杂性和阶段性愈合需求问题,造成了抗菌药物或活性物质的低利用效率,以及慢性伤口治疗的不及时性和无针对性,治疗效果不显著。
实际情况下,慢性伤口在修复的不同阶段体现了不同的生理特征,引起了不同生理环境下伤口处pH值的变化。因此,完全可以针对慢性伤口不同愈合阶段的生理pH值的变化进行更为准确地,具有针对性地响应性治疗。
研究发现,伤口从产生开始到愈合的整个阶段的生理pH值变化如图1所示,而炎性期感染难以控制和愈合阶段的炎性反复是影响慢性伤口愈合的主要因素,因此,应该在伤口产生开始到进入炎性期逐渐加大给药力度,并在炎性期加速释放抗菌性药物,有效控制伤口感染,而在后期愈合阶段随pH值变化,进行针对性地持续定量给药,以避免炎性反复,达到长效响应性治疗的目的,明显改善医用敷料的治愈效果和伤口愈合周期,减轻患者和社会的负担。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜及其制备方法,该医用敷膜能够在炎性期加速释放抗菌性药物,有效控制伤口感染,而在后期愈合阶段随pH值变化,进行针对性地持续定量给药,以避免炎性反复,达到长效响应性治疗的目的。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜,其特征在于,包括伤口pH响应性缓释层以及包裹在伤口pH响应性缓释层外侧的速释层;所述的速释层包含高分子聚合物和抗菌药物;所述的伤口pH响应性缓释层包含高分子聚合物、抗菌药物和酸度敏感性物质。
优选地,通过调控伤口pH响应性缓释层以及速释层的厚度以及酸度敏感性物质的用量,来调控药物释放时间和速度以匹配伤口愈合的不同时期。
本发明还提供了上述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤包括:
第一步:速释层溶液的制备:将一种或几种天然高分子聚合物及一种或多种抗菌药物混合溶解于无毒或低毒溶剂中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到聚合物质量体积分数为1-10%的药物纺丝溶液;
第二步:伤口pH响应性缓释层溶液的制备:将一种或多种合成高分子聚合物、一种或多种抗菌药物、一种或多种酸度敏感性物质溶解于溶剂中,得到聚合物质量体积分数为8-30%的均一溶液;
第三步:药物的控制释放:采用双轴向静电纺丝,纺丝电压6-25kV,接收距离10-25cm,速释层在表层,溶液给进速度0.1-1.2mL/h;缓释层在里层,溶液给进速度0.01-0.2mL/h,复合针头的内管内径为0.2-0.5mm,外管内径为0.7-1.5mm,温度25-50℃,相对湿度10-55%,真空干燥以去除残留溶剂,得到慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜。
优选地,所述第一步中的高分子聚合物为壳聚糖、胶原和明胶中的至少一种。
优选地,所述第一步中的溶剂为去离子水、冰醋酸和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的至少一种。
优选地,所述的第一步中的药物为莫匹罗星、环丙沙星、纳米银、磺胺嘧啶银和姜黄素中的至少一种。
优选地,所述的第一步中药物纺丝溶液中药物的质量体积分数为0.1-10%。
优选地,所述第二步中的高分子聚合物为聚己内酯、聚乳酸和聚氨酯中的至少一种。
优选地,所述第二步中的药物为莫匹罗星、环丙沙星、纳米银、磺胺嘧啶银和姜黄素中的至少一种。
优选地,所述的第二步中的均一溶液中药物的质量体积分数为0.1-10%。
优选地,所述第二步中的溶剂为二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和丙酮中的至少一种。
优选地,所述第二步中的酸度敏感性物质为聚乙烯亚胺、缩醛、碳酸氢钠中的至少一种。
优选地,所述的第二步中的均一溶液中酸度敏感性物质的质量体积分数为1-5%。
优选地,所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜由双轴向结构超细纤维构成,所述的双轴向结构超细纤维的直径为100-400nm,孔隙率为35~95%。
本发明的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜可应用于伤口愈合不同阶段及不同的pH环境下对药物的阶段性、响应性释放。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
该制备方法溶剂无毒或低毒,处理和使用安全;特别地,该功能膜载体通过纤维内部径向精细化结构调控,以及同时加载抗菌药物和酸度敏感型物质可以在伤口愈合的不同时期根据pH值变化,实现阶段性不等量释药,从伤口开始到炎性期逐渐加大药物量,增强对细菌的抑制和抵制细菌生物膜的形成。之后,持续释放抗菌药物,达到长效抗菌,防止伤口反复感染的目的。
本发明制备的慢性伤口医用敷膜可以匹配伤口愈合的不同阶段释放不等量的抗菌性药物,从伤口开始到炎性期,逐渐加大药物量,增强对细菌的抑制和抵制细菌生物膜的形成。之后,持续释放抗菌药物,达到长效抗菌,防止伤口反复感染的目的,具有智能调节、实时响应的特点。
本发明制备的慢性伤口医用敷膜的酸度(pH值)自适应响应原理图如图2所示,速释层加入抗菌药物,满足伤口前期对抗菌性的需求,随着伤口炎性期的进入,伤口处生理pH值逐渐变小,抗菌需求达到最大,缓释层中的酸度敏感性物质受酸性刺激后发生响应,抗菌药物加速释放,满足炎性期抗菌的重点控制;在伤口炎性控制期过后,伤口生理pH值缓慢增加,酸度敏感性物质受酸性刺激减弱,逐渐放缓对药物的释放,实现了伤口pH值与内部药物释放量的匹配,同时长效抗菌,避免了伤口炎性的反复,使伤口顺利向后期愈合发展。
本发明操作方法简单、参数可控、材料易得,条件温和,便于推广。
附图说明
图1是慢性伤口从发病初期到愈合期的pH值变化过程;
图2是pH敏感型医用敷膜中酸度敏感性物质的酸度(pH值)自适应响应原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
各实施例中所用的NaHCO3溶液在常压、25℃条件下配制。
实施例1
一种慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜,包括伤口pH响应性缓释层以及包裹在伤口pH响应性缓释层外侧的速释层;所述的速释层包含高分子聚合物和抗菌药物;所述的伤口pH响应性缓释层包含高分子聚合物、抗菌药物和酸度敏感性物质。所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜的制备方法为:
(1)速释层溶液的制备:用电子天平秤取0.5g壳聚糖(高分子量,脱乙酰度为90%)、0.045g盐酸环丙沙星混合溶解于10mL的体积比为9∶1的乙酸水溶液中,在磁力搅拌器作用下搅拌至完全溶解得到壳聚糖质量体积分数为5%的速释层溶液;
(2)伤口pH响应性缓释层溶液的制备:用电子天平秤取0.5g聚己内酯(分子量为80万)、0.045g姜黄素无菌条件下溶解于5mL,体积比为9∶1的二氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液中,并加入0.2mL质量体积分数为1%的NaHCO3溶液,在磁力搅拌器作用下搅拌至完全溶解得到缓释层溶液,聚合物质量体积分数为10%;
(3)药物阶段性控制释放:双轴向静电纺丝,速释层在表层,缓释层在里层,设定缓释层的给进速度为0.2mL/h,复合针头的内管外径为0.5mm,速释层的给进速度为0.8mL/h,复合针头的外管内径为1.12mm,复合针头的内管内径为0.34mm;施加电压15kV,接收距离20cm,相对湿度30%,纺丝温度20℃,进行同轴纺丝后得到pH敏感型阶段性释药的超细纤维膜,置于真空干燥箱中进行真空干燥以去除残留溶剂。所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜由双轴向结构超细纤维构成,所述的双轴向结构超细纤维的直径为100-400nm,孔隙率为35%-95%。
在pH=7.2-7.4条件(PBS)下分别在λ=205nm和λ=429nm波长下对盐酸利多卡因和姜黄素进行168h的控制释放,在前24h时,盐酸环丙沙星的累积释放量达到60%,姜黄素几乎不释放,在第168h时,盐酸环丙沙星的累积释放量为70%,姜黄素的释放量达到70%,且姜黄素释放接近零级释放。
实施例2
一种慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜,包括伤口pH响应性缓释层以及包裹在伤口pH响应性缓释层外侧的速释层;所述的速释层包含高分子聚合物和抗菌药物;所述的伤口pH响应性缓释层包含高分子聚合物、抗菌药物和酸度敏感性物质。所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜的制备方法为:
(1)速释层溶液的制备:用电子天平秤取0.5g壳聚糖(高分子量,脱乙酰度为90%)、0.045g盐酸环丙沙星混合溶解于10mL的体积比为9∶1的乙酸水溶液中,在磁力搅拌器作用下搅拌至完全溶解得到壳聚糖质量体积分数为5%的速释层溶液;
(2)伤口pH响应性缓释层溶液的制备:用电子天平秤取0.5g聚己内酯(分子量为80万)、0.045g姜黄素无菌条件下溶解于5mL,体积比为9∶1的二氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液中,并加入0.3mL质量体积分数为1%的NaHCO3溶液,在磁力搅拌器作用下搅拌至完全溶解得到缓释层溶液,聚合物质量体积分数为10%;
(3)药物阶段性敏感释放:双轴向静电纺丝,速释层在表层,缓释层在里层,设定缓释层的给进速度为0.2mL/h,内喷丝头直径0.5mm,速释层的给进速度为0.8mL/h,外喷丝头内径为1.12mm,内喷丝头内径为0.34mm;施加电压15kV,接受距离20cm,相对湿度30%,纺丝温度20℃,进行同轴纺丝后得到pH敏感型阶段性释药的超细纤维膜,置于真空干燥箱中进行真空干燥以去除残留溶剂,所述的双轴向结构超细纤维的直径为100-400nm,孔隙率为35%-95%。
在pH=5.2-5.4条件下分别在λ=205nm和λ=429nm的波长下对盐酸环丙沙星和姜黄素进行控制释放。在前24h时,盐酸环丙沙星的累积释放量达到60%,姜黄素几乎不释放,在第168h时,盐酸环丙沙星的累积释放量是75%,姜黄素的累积释放量达到85%,且姜黄素的初期累积释放率要明显高于在pH=7.2-7.4条件下的药物释放率。
实施例3
一种慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜,包括伤口pH响应性缓释层以及包裹在伤口pH响应性缓释层外侧的速释层;所述的速释层包含高分子聚合物和抗菌药物;所述的伤口pH响应性缓释层包含高分子聚合物、抗菌药物和酸度敏感性物质。所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜的制备方法为:
(1)速释层溶液的制备:用电子天平秤取0.5g壳聚糖(高分子量,脱乙酰度为90%)、0.045g盐酸环丙沙星溶解于10mL的体积比为9∶1的乙酸水溶液中,在磁力搅拌器作用下搅拌至完全溶解得到壳聚糖质量体积分数为5%的速释层溶液;
(2)伤口pH响应性缓释层溶液的制备:用电子天平秤取0.5g聚己内酯(分子量为80万)、0.045g姜黄素无菌条件下溶解于5mL,体积比为9∶1的二氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液中,并加入0.2mL质量体积分数为3%的NaHCO3溶液,在磁力搅拌器作用下搅拌至完全溶解得到缓释层溶液,聚合物质量体积分数为10%;
(3)药物阶段性敏感释放:双轴向静电纺丝,速释层在表层,缓释层在里层,设定缓释层的给进速度为0.2mL/h,复合针头的内管外径为0.5mm,速释层的给进速度为0.4mL/h,复合针头的外管内径为1.12mm,复合针头的内管内径为0.34mm;施加电压15kV,接受距离20cm,相对湿度30%,纺丝温度20℃,进行同轴纺丝后得到伤口pH敏感型多载药超细纤维膜,置于真空干燥箱中进行真空干燥以去除残留溶剂,所述的双轴向结构超细纤维的直径为100-400nm,孔隙率为35%-95%。
在pH=5.2-5.4的条件下分别在λ=205nm和λ=429nm的波长下对盐酸环丙沙星和姜黄素进行控制释放。在前24h时,盐酸环丙沙星的累积释放率达到60%,姜黄素几乎不释放,在第168h时,盐酸环丙沙星的释放量80%,姜黄素的累积释放量达到90%,且姜黄素的初期累积释放率要明显高于在1%的NaHCO3溶液中的药物释放率。

Claims (10)

1.一种慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜,其特征在于,包括伤口pH响应性缓释层以及包裹在伤口pH响应性缓释层外侧的速释层;所述的速释层包含高分子聚合物和抗菌药物;所述的伤口pH响应性缓释层包含高分子聚合物、抗菌药物和酸度敏感性物质。
2.如权利要求1所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜,其特征在于,通过调控伤口pH响应性缓释层以及速释层的厚度以及酸度敏感性物质的用量,来调控药物释放时间和速度以匹配伤口愈合的不同时期。
3.权利要求1或2所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤包括:
第一步:速释层溶液的制备:将一种或几种天然高分子聚合物及一种或多种抗菌药物混合溶解于无毒或低毒溶剂中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到聚合物质量体积分数为1-10%的药物纺丝溶液;
第二步:伤口pH响应性缓释层溶液的制备:将一种或多种合成高分子聚合物、一种或多种抗菌药物、一种或多种酸度敏感性物质溶解于溶剂中,得到聚合物质量体积分数为8-30%的均一溶液;
第三步:药物的控制释放:采用双轴向静电纺丝,纺丝电压6-25kV,接收距离10-25cm,速释层在表层,溶液给进速度0.1-1.2mL/h;缓释层在里层,溶液给进速度0.01-0.2mL/h,复合针头的内管内径为0.2-0.5mm,外管内径为0.7-1.5mm,温度25-50℃,相对湿度10-55%,真空干燥以去除残留溶剂,得到慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜。
4.如权利要求3所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一步中的高分子聚合物为壳聚糖、胶原和明胶中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求3所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一步中的溶剂为去离子水、冰醋酸和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求3所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的第一步中的药物为莫匹罗星、环丙沙星、纳米银、磺胺嘧啶银和姜黄素中的至少一种。
7.如权利要求3所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第二步中的高分子聚合物为聚己内酯、聚乳酸和聚氨酯中的至少一种;所述第二步中的溶剂为二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和丙酮中的至少一种。
8.如权利要求3所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第二步中的药物为莫匹罗星、环丙沙星、纳米银、磺胺嘧啶银和姜黄素中的至少一种。
9.如权利要求3所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第二步中的酸度敏感性物质为聚乙烯亚胺、缩醛和碳酸氢钠中的至少一种。
10.如权利要求3所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的慢性伤口用pH敏感型长效修复医用敷膜由双轴向结构超细纤维构成,所述的双轴向结构超细纤维的直径为100-400nm,孔隙率为35~95%。
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基于碳酸氢钠的酸度敏感型静电纺丝纤维构建及作为载药支架的研究;赵静文;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技I辑》;20150615(第6期);全文 *

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