CN108522537A - 一种多孔载银吸附杀菌材料 - Google Patents

一种多孔载银吸附杀菌材料 Download PDF

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CN108522537A
CN108522537A CN201810578341.5A CN201810578341A CN108522537A CN 108522537 A CN108522537 A CN 108522537A CN 201810578341 A CN201810578341 A CN 201810578341A CN 108522537 A CN108522537 A CN 108522537A
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徐成龙
徐波
范琳
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种多孔载银吸附杀菌材料，由高岭士、陶瓷制孔剂制成多孔吸附球，吸附球在硝酸银溶液中浸泡，经干燥，进炉烧制而成。本发明提供的多孔载银吸附杀菌球制备工艺简单，成本低，杀菌效果特别明显。本发明提供的杀菌球使用后，取出洗净，再烘干或凉干，可以多次重复使用。本发明提供的杀菌球经过国家疾控中心检测，对可致病的细菌，如大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等可达到100％杀菌效果；而且还可以生成具有生态催化、激活动力的生态氧[O]、羟基自由基[OH‑]。

Description

一种多孔载银吸附杀菌材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有广谱杀菌、吸附消毒的陶瓷材料，特别是涉及一种多孔载银吸附杀菌材料。
背景技术
众所周知，银离子具有杀菌能力，但是作为抗菌剂必须有合适的材料作为载体，一般采用海泡石、膨润土、沸石、磷酸盐、吸附性硅胶以及玻璃等做无机载体，组成无机载银抗菌剂。但是这些载银抗菌剂存在不同程度的变色问题。中国专利CN100462157C提供了一种载银微米高岭土作为一种新的无机抗菌剂，解决了变色的问题，但是因为在制备过程中加入了碱性化合物、尿素、冰醋酸等化工原料，不适合直接用于饮用水；该专利提供的只是一种载银微米的高岭土，也不适合直接用于一些需杀菌的装置，如空调、洗衣机等。另外中国发明专利CN1830913A和实用新型专利CN2915837Y提供了一种载银的陶瓷球体，它们都是通过在陶瓷球表面涂层或上釉等方式载银，该工艺操作比较复杂，成本高，而且同重量的陶瓷球的表面积小，杀菌接触面小，杀菌效果低。
据《佛山陶瓷》2001年第5期中的“载银抗菌陶瓷材料”记载，把银引入陶瓷作为抗菌材料有三种方式：一是直接把水溶性的银盐如硝酸银加到釉料中烧成，二是先把水溶性的银盐转为难溶性银盐如磷酸银再加到釉料中，三是先用不溶性的载体材料(如沸石)把水溶性银盐包裹于内，形成载银抗菌结构材料，然后加到釉中。而且该文章经研究认为第三种方式是最有效的载银方式，将硝酸银浸泡过的沸石干燥、粉碎制成载银型沸石材料。但天然沸石稀有，没有工业规模的矿床可以开采，因而转向了人工合成的研究。人工合成最简单的途径就是利用高岭土生产沸石分子筛。高岭土是陶瓷坯料的主要原料之一，其主要化学成分是SiO2和Al2O3，此外，还有Fe2O3，TiO2，CaO，K2O，Na2O，等氧化物。载银型沸石材料只是一种载银材料，不能重复利用，而且其中的银离子不稳定，容易转化成金属银。
本发明采用的吸附球是一种多孔陶瓷。多孔陶瓷是一种新型陶瓷材料，也可称为气孔功能陶瓷，它是一种利用物理表面的新型材料。多孔陶瓷具有如下特点：巨大的气孔率、巨大的气孔表面积；可调节的气孔形状、气孔孔径及其分布；气孔在三维空间的分布、连通可调；具有其它陶瓷基体的性能，并具有一般陶瓷所没有的主要利用与其巨大的比表面积相匹配的优良热、电、磁、光、化学等功能。实际上，很早以前人们就使用多孔陶瓷材料，例如，人们使用活性碳吸附水份、吸附有毒气体，用硅胶来做干燥剂，利用泡沫陶瓷来做隔热耐火材料等。中国专利申请CN101493253A《多孔陶瓷用于空气加湿的方法及空气调节装置》中提到将多孔陶瓷用于空气加湿的方法是将开孔型多孔陶瓷体浸泡在抗菌材料溶液中，然后经烘干，抗菌材料便粘附在多孔陶瓷体的多孔隙表面。该方法没有经过高温煅烧，抗菌材料在湿度大时，容易分解脱落，污染环境。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种多孔载银吸附杀菌材料，克服了现有技术的不足，通过将多孔吸附球在硝酸银水溶液中浸泡，经干燥，进炉，采用梯度升温烧制而成，其中：
多孔吸附材料是由含有高岭土、复合粉和制孔剂的原料混合研磨，加工成型，烘干后，在1050-1150℃温度下烧制而成，其中复合粉的重量百分含量为5-10％，陶瓷制孔剂制重量百分含量为10-20％；
经硝酸银水溶液浸泡过的多孔吸附材料烧制温度是850-1000℃，烧制时间是3小时，分初结和凝结两步烧制，其中：
初结烧制温度850-900℃，采用梯度升温烧制，烧制时间3小时，自然降温；
凝结烧制温度850-1000℃，采用梯度升温烧制，烧制时间2小时，其中烧制温度850-900℃，烧制时间1.5小时；烧制温度850-1000℃，烧制时间0.5小时。
所述的多孔载银吸附杀菌材料：所述的复合粉，组分和重量百分比含量包括：
负离子粉45％、远红外粉30％、托玛琳粉25％。
所述的多孔载银吸附杀菌材料，硝酸银水溶液的重量百分含量为1％-3％。
所述的多孔载银吸附杀菌材料，硝酸银水溶液中加有负离子粉，硝酸银水溶液中负离子粉的重量百分含量为0-5％。
所述的多孔载银吸附杀菌材料：硝酸银水溶液的重量百分含量为1％-3％。
本发明提供的多孔载银吸附杀菌材料，是将高岭土、制空剂加工成550-650目的细粉，然后加工成型时可以制成不同规格的吸附球。
高岭土的化学成分中含有大量的AL2O3、SiO2和少量的Fe2O3、TiO2以及微量的K2O、Na2O、CaO和MgO等，具有从周围介质中吸附各种离子及杂质的性能，并且在溶液中具较弱的离子交换性质，加入的麦杆草粉在高温下被烧掉，这样可以在材料内部形成无数的小孔，更加增强了吸附性能；另外，草木灰主要成分是碳酸钾，碳酸钾是强碱弱酸盐，在水中发生水解产生氢氧根离子。
因此，本发明提供的多孔载银吸附杀菌材料还可以生成具有生态催化、激活动力的生态氧[O]、羟基自由基[OH-]。
经多孔载银吸附球吸附的硝酸银经高温烧制生成Ag2O，而Ag2O与水接触产生氧化银离子(AgO-)，它能导致构成微生物或细菌的蛋白质发生变化，破坏细菌的细胞膜，从而提供杀菌活性，其杀菌能力比银离子高数倍，乃至上百倍。
本发明提供的多孔载银吸附杀菌材料制备工艺简单，成本低，杀菌效果特别明显，经过国家疾控中心检测，对可致病的细菌，如大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等可达到100％杀菌效果。
本发明提供的多孔载银吸附杀菌材料可以用空气净化，如装在空气净化加湿器里，中央空调，家用空调，洗衣机等；还可以直接用于水处理，如日常生活用水、工业用水(锅炉水处理、冷却塔水处理)、农牧渔林业用水等；还可以用于饮用水的处理及食品和饮料行业。
本发明提供的多孔载银吸附杀菌材料因使用的环境不同，在使用过程中，只要表面光洁，不腻滑就可继续使用；反之可取出洗净，再烘干或凉干后继续使用，可重复使用20次。
具体实施方式
实施例1
取800千克高岭土、150千克麦杆草粉，分别研磨成600目，再加入淄博神邦新材料科技有限公司生产的远红外复合粉50千克混合，制成直径2-3mm的球，常温下凉干，在1050-1150℃温度下烧制3小时，然后出炉即成多孔吸附球。
取25千克上述吸附球，放入10升3％硝酸银溶液中，不断搅拌，至硝酸银水溶液基本吸附完全后，取出凉干，然后窑炉梯度升温烧制，烧制温度是850-1000℃，烧制时间是3小时，其中：
初结烧制温度850-900℃，采用梯度升温烧制，烧制时间2小时，自然降温；
凝结烧制温度850-1000℃，采用梯度升温烧制，烧制时间1小时，其中烧制温度850-900℃，烧制时间2.5小时；烧制温度850-1000℃，烧制时间0.5小时。
实施例2
取790千克高岭土、200千克麦杆草粉，分别研磨成600目，再加入淄博神邦新材料科技有限公司生产的远红外复合粉10千克混合，制成直径2-3mm的球，常温下凉干，在1050-1150℃温度下烧制3小时，然后出炉即成多孔吸附球。
取25千克多孔吸附球，放入30升1％硝酸银溶液中浸泡，不断搅拌，至硝酸银水溶液基本吸附完全后取出凉干，然后窑炉梯度升温烧制，烧制温度是850-1000℃，烧制时间是3小时，其中初结烧制温度850-900℃，采用梯度升温烧制，烧制时间2小时，自然降温；凝结烧制温度850-900℃，采用梯度升温烧制，烧制时间2小时，其中烧制温度850-900℃，烧制时间1.5小时；烧制温度850-1000℃，烧制时间0.5小时。

Claims (3)

1.一种多孔载银吸附杀菌材料，由多孔吸附材料在硝酸银水溶液中浸泡，经干燥，进炉，采用梯度升温烧制而成，其特征在于：
多孔吸附材料是由含有高岭土、复合粉和制孔剂的原料混合研磨，加工成型，烘干后，在1050-1150℃温度下烧制而成，其中复合粉的重量百分含量为5-10％，陶瓷制孔剂制重量百分含量为10-20％；
经硝酸银水溶液浸泡过的多孔吸附材料烧制温度是850-1000℃，烧制时间是3小时，分初结和凝结两步烧制，其中：
初结烧制温度850-900℃，采用梯度升温烧制，烧制时间3小时，自然降温；
凝结烧制温度850-1000℃，采用梯度升温烧制，烧制时间2小时，其中烧制温度850-900℃，烧制时间1.5小时；烧制温度850-1000℃，烧制时间0.5小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多孔载银吸附杀菌材料，其特征在于：所述的复合粉，组分和重量百分比含量包括：
负离子粉45％、远红外粉30％、托玛琳粉25％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的多孔载银吸附杀菌材料，其特征在于：硝酸银水溶液的重量百分含量为1％-3％。
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Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101991873A (zh) * 2009-08-13 2011-03-30 徐成龙 一种多孔载银吸附杀菌球

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101991873A (zh) * 2009-08-13 2011-03-30 徐成龙 一种多孔载银吸附杀菌球

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