CN108518213B - Rock high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam control fracturing test device - Google Patents
Rock high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam control fracturing test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108518213B CN108518213B CN201810326323.8A CN201810326323A CN108518213B CN 108518213 B CN108518213 B CN 108518213B CN 201810326323 A CN201810326323 A CN 201810326323A CN 108518213 B CN108518213 B CN 108518213B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Abstract
The invention discloses a rock high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam controlled fracturing test device, wherein a fracturing medium is high-temperature superheated steam, a triaxial servo control loading system applies triaxial pressure to a rock sample, a saturated steam generating device and a superheated steam generating device which are formed by a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant boiler coil are connected with a sample fracturing hole in series, saturated steam generates high-temperature superheated steam through secondary heating, a temperature control device controls a saturated steam temperature rising path to control a saturated steam pressure rising path, so that a steam pressure rising path in the whole series pipeline is controlled, rock high-temperature superheated steam controlled fracturing is realized, the saturated steam and the steam pressure rising path of the whole series pipeline are controlled by controlling the saturated steam temperature rising path by utilizing the fixed relation between the temperature and the pressure of the saturated steam, the boiler coil connected in series replaces a boiler barrel in the traditional steam boiler, and a steam flow guide device is designed on an upper pressure plate loaded by the sample, so that the control fracturing of high-temperature superheated steam is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a rock high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam controlled fracturing test device, and belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics and engineering.
Background
The in-situ modification mining technology is a new idea of high-efficiency clean mining of energy, such as heat injection in-situ modification mining of shale gas, coal bed gas and low-quality coal and enhanced geothermal energy mining, and the core problems of the new energy mining methods are rock mass hydraulic fracturing and reservoir transformation under the solid-fluid-thermal coupling action. The Chinese petroleum university 'a simulation experiment device for thick oil thermal recovery reservoir fracture' (CN 103821487A) adopts a heating pipe to locally heat rock in a drilling hole, and simulates the thermal damage of a shaft under different temperature and ground stress combinations. The 'coal rock high-temperature high-pressure true triaxial fracturing seepage test device and test method' of the tai chii university adopts an electric heating rod to heat rock, and realizes the simulation of high-temperature high-pressure rock fracturing seepage by various fracturing media. However, the method is not suitable for fossil energy heat injection exploitation and hot dry rock geothermal exploitation, actual fracturing of the fossil energy heat injection exploitation and the hot dry rock geothermal exploitation needs to be controlled by high-temperature superheated steam to modify a reservoir structure, exploitation efficiency is improved, high-temperature steam fracturing is a process in which steam temperature is constant and pressure is gradually increased, the corresponding relation between saturated steam pressure and temperature is fixed, and the existing process cannot meet fracturing test requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects in the prior art and provides a rock high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam controlled fracturing test device.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a rock high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam controlled fracturing test device comprises a first steam generator, a second steam generator and a loading system, wherein the first steam generator and the second steam generator are sequentially connected in series, and a gas outlet of the second steam generator is connected with the loading system through a steam pipeline;
the loading system has the structure that: the device comprises an upper pressure plate, side pressure plates, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe and boiler pipes, wherein the upper pressure plate and the side pressure plates are respectively arranged on the upper side and four side surfaces of a rock sample and used for applying three-dimensional stress to the rock sample; the upper pressure plate and the side pressure plate are correspondingly connected to the true triaxial servo loading system;
the first steam generator is used for providing saturated steam, the second steam generator is used for heating the saturated steam provided by the first steam generator into high-temperature superheated steam with the temperature of 200-.
The first steam generator and the second steam generator are identical in structure and comprise boiler coil pipes, ceramic electric heating sleeves and heat-insulating layers, the boiler coil pipes are of spiral structures, the ceramic electric heating sleeves are arranged on the outer sides of the boiler coil pipes in a matching mode, and the heat-insulating layers are arranged on the outer sides of the ceramic electric heating sleeves and wrap the boiler coil pipes and the ceramic electric heating sleeves in a sealing mode;
first steam generator's bottom is passed through the pipeline and is linked together with the pump, the pump is used for the boiler coil water injection in for first steam generator, pass through communicating pipe between the lower extreme on first steam generator's the boiler coil, be provided with the level gauge on communicating pipe, first steam generator's boiler coil upper end and second steam generator's boiler coil lower extreme intercommunication.
A sealing gasket is arranged between the upper pressure plate and the rock sample, and a plurality of annular grooves are processed on the contact surface of the upper pressure plate and the sealing gasket to ensure the sealing property.
The ceramic electric heating jacket is provided with a temperature controller and a circuit breaker, the upper end of a boiler coil of the second steam generator is provided with an extension pipe, one end of the extension pipe is communicated with the boiler coil, the other end of the extension pipe extends out of the heat-insulation layer, the end part of the extension pipe is provided with a safety valve, the extension pipe outside the heat-insulation layer is provided with a thermometer and a pressure gauge, and the air inlet pipe is communicated with the extension pipe through the safety valve.
The lateral pressure plate is connected with a deformation-stress testing system and an acoustic emission system, the air inlet pipe is connected with a drilling steam temperature recording system and a drilling steam pressure recording system, and the deformation-stress testing system, the drilling steam temperature recording system and the drilling steam pressure recording system are all connected to a data acquisition and automatic control system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a new test device and a research idea for simulating the test of stratum high-temperature superheated steam control fracturing and modifying a reservoir structure, the heat injection in-situ modification exploitation of shale gas, coal bed gas and low-quality coal, and the reservoir modification of the dry-hot rock geothermal energy exploitation.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: the system comprises a first steam generator 1, a boiler coil 11, a ceramic electric heating jacket 12, a heat-insulating layer 13, a pump 14, a communicating pipe 15, a liquid level meter 16, a temperature controller and a circuit-breaking protector 17, an extension pipe 18, a safety valve 19, a thermometer 110, a pressure gauge 111, a second steam generator 2, a loading system 3, an upper pressure plate 31, a side pressure plate 32, an air inlet pipe 33, an air outlet pipe 34, a boiler pipe 35, a rock sample 36, a steam pipeline 4, a deformation-stress testing system 5, an acoustic emission system 6, a drilling steam temperature recording system 7, a drilling steam pressure recording system 8 and a data acquisition and automatic control system 9.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the rock high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam controlled fracturing test device comprises a first steam generator 1, a second steam generator 2 and a loading system 3, wherein the first steam generator 1 and the second steam generator 2 are sequentially connected in series, and an air outlet of the second steam generator 2 is connected with the loading system 3 through a steam pipeline 4;
the loading system 3 has the structure that: the device comprises an upper pressure plate 31, side pressure plates 32, an air inlet pipe 33, an air outlet pipe 34 and boiler pipes 35, wherein the upper pressure plate 31 and the side pressure plates 32 are respectively arranged on the upper side and four side surfaces of a rock sample 36 and used for applying three-way stress to the rock sample 36, blind holes are vertically machined in the upper side of the rock sample 36, the boiler pipes 35 are vertically inserted into the blind holes, gaps are reserved between the lower ends of the boiler pipes 35 and the bottoms of the blind holes, an air inlet and outlet channel is arranged in the upper pressure plate 31 and serves as the air inlet pipe 33 and the air outlet pipe 34, and the air inlet pipe 33 and the air outlet pipe 34 are respectively communicated with the upper ends of the boiler pipes 35 and the upper ends of the blind holes; the upper pressure plate 31 and the side pressure plate 32 are correspondingly connected to the true triaxial servo loading system;
the first steam generator 1 is used for providing saturated steam, the second steam generator 2 is used for heating the saturated steam provided by the first steam generator 1 into high-temperature superheated steam of 200-1000 ℃, and the steam pipeline 4 is used for introducing the high-temperature superheated steam of 200-1000 ℃ provided by the second steam generator 2 into the blind hole of the rock sample 36 from the air inlet pipe 33 to fracture the rock sample 36.
The first steam generator 1 and the second steam generator 2 are identical in structure and comprise a boiler coil 11, a ceramic electric heating jacket 12 and a heat-insulating layer 13, wherein the boiler coil 11 is of a spiral structure, the ceramic electric heating jacket 12 is arranged on the outer side of the boiler coil 11 in a matching manner, and the heat-insulating layer 13 is arranged on the outer side of the ceramic electric heating jacket 12 and wraps the boiler coil 11 and the ceramic electric heating jacket 12 in a sealing manner;
the bottom of first steam generator 1 links together through pipeline and pump 14, pump 14 is used for the 11 water injections of boiler coil in for first steam generator 1, through communicating pipe 15 between the 11 lower extremes of boiler coil of first steam generator 1, be provided with level gauge 16 on communicating pipe 15, 11 upper ends of boiler coil of first steam generator 1 and the 11 lower extremes of boiler coil of second steam generator 2 communicate.
A sealing gasket is arranged between the upper pressure plate 31 and the rock sample 36, and a plurality of annular grooves are processed on the contact surface of the upper pressure plate 31 and the sealing gasket to ensure the sealing property.
The ceramic electric heating jacket 12 is provided with a temperature controller and a circuit breaker 17, the upper end of the boiler coil 11 of the second steam generator 2 is provided with an extension pipe 18, one end of the extension pipe 18 is communicated with the boiler coil 11, the other end of the extension pipe 18 extends out of the heat-insulating layer 13, the end part of the extension pipe is provided with a safety valve 19, the extension pipe 18 positioned outside the heat-insulating layer 13 is provided with a thermometer 110 and a pressure gauge 111, and the air inlet pipe 33 is communicated with the extension pipe 18 through the safety valve 19.
The lateral pressure plate 32 is connected with a deformation-stress testing system 5 and an acoustic emission system 6, the air inlet pipe 33 is connected with a drilling steam temperature recording system 7 and a drilling steam pressure recording system 8, and the deformation-stress testing system 5, the drilling steam temperature recording system 7 and the drilling steam pressure recording system 8 are all connected to a data acquisition and automatic control system 9.
The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to specific embodiments.
The present invention features the fracturing medium of high temperature overheat steam. The method comprises the following steps: the system comprises a high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam generating device, a true triaxial servo loading system, a steam flow guide device designed in the true triaxial servo loading system, and a matched test system.
The high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam generating device adopts a high-temperature high-pressure resistant boiler coil pipe to replace a boiler barrel of a traditional boiler and consists of an injection pump, a liquid level meter, an electric heating saturated steam generating device, an electric heating high-temperature superheated steam generating device, a temperature control and power-off protection device, a thermometer, a pressure gauge and a safety valve which are sequentially connected in series. The electric heating saturated steam generating device and the electric heating high-temperature superheated steam generator are composed of a high-temperature high-pressure boiler coil and a ceramic electric heating sleeve, a nonmetal heat-insulating material is adopted outside for sealing and heat preservation, and the whole pipeline is insulated by the nonmetal heat-insulating material.
The boiler coil pipes of the saturated steam generator and the superheated steam generator are connected in series, and the ceramic electric heating sleeve controls the heating path of the boiler coil pipes through the temperature control and power-off protection device. According to the relation of the saturated steam-pressure curve, the pressure increasing path of the saturated steam can be controlled through the temperature increasing path of the temperature of the saturated steam, and then the pressure increasing path of the superheated steam is controlled.
A steam guide device is designed on an upper pressure plate for loading a sample in the true triaxial servo control loading system, an air inlet and an air outlet are machined in the upper pressure plate, the air inlet is communicated with a boiler pipe welded on the upper pressure plate, and steam is directly introduced to the bottom of a rock sample drill hole. The high-temperature superheated steam is cooled to water after being introduced into the drill holes. After the air outlet is opened, the high-temperature steam entering the bottom of the hole vaporizes the water, pushes the vaporized water to flow along a channel between the boiler pipe and the drill hole, and discharges the sample through the air outlet. In the test, in order to ensure that steam is in the rock drill hole, the long-term air release with small flow or the intermittent abandonment can be carried out. The upper pressing plate and the rock sample are sealed by a high-temperature sealing gasket, and a plurality of annular grooves are processed on the contact surface of the upper pressing plate and the sealing gasket to ensure the sealing property.
The high-temperature sealing gasket between the upper pressing plate and the rock sample adopts high-temperature asbestos, and 3-5 annular grooves are processed on the contact surface of the upper pressing plate and the sealing gasket to ensure the sealing effect.
The operation steps of the device for performing the high-temperature superheated steam controlled fracturing test comprise:
1) processing a sample, wherein the size of the sample is 200 multiplied by 200mm, and drilling holes with the diameter of 20mm and the depth of 120mm are drilled in the center of the upper surface of the sample.
2) And placing and installing a rock sample in the three-axis servo control loading system, applying initial three-axis pressure, and sealing the upper pressure plate and the rock sample by using a high-temperature sealing gasket.
3) Debugging a drilling steam pressure recording system, a drilling steam temperature recording system, a stress-deformation monitoring system, an acoustic emission monitoring system and a data acquisition and automatic control system.
4) And opening a flow pump to inject purified water into a boiler coil in the saturated steam generator, and controlling the liquid level of the injected purified water to be not lower than 3/4 of the height of the boiler coil by a liquid level meter.
5) The ceramic electric heating sleeve in the superheated steam generator is electrified for heating, and the temperature of the boiler coil is constant to be the high-temperature superheated steam temperature required by the fracturing test through temperature control and power-off protection.
6) The ceramic electric heating jacket in the saturated steam generator is electrified for heating, and the boiler coil pipe is kept at a constant temperature of 100 ℃ and 110 ℃ through temperature control and power-off protection.
7) Saturated steam generated in the saturated steam generator is changed into superheated steam required by a fracturing test through secondary heating of the superheated steam generator, and high-temperature superheated steam is injected into the bottom of a rock sample drill hole through an air inlet and a boiler pipe on an axial pressure plate of the triaxial servo control loading system.
8) And opening a gas outlet on the axial pressure plate, discharging the high-temperature superheated steam carrying the condensate water at the bottom of the hole along a channel between the boiler pipe and the wall of the drilled hole from the gas outlet until the steam in the drilled hole is not liquefied, and closing the gas outlet.
9) And starting testing equipment such as a drilling steam pressure recording system, a hole steam temperature recording system, a stress-deformation monitoring system, an acoustic emission monitoring system, a data acquisition and automatic control system and the like.
10) The temperature of saturated steam in the saturated steam generator is increased according to a specified heating path through temperature control and power-off protection setting. The temperature and the pressure of the saturated steam are in a fixed relation, and the saturated steam pressure is gradually increased along with the temperature.
11) The saturated steam generator and the superheated steam generator are connected with a drill hole in the rock sample in series, the pressure of the whole pipeline and the pressure in the drill hole of the rock sample are increased according to the pressurization path of the saturated steam when the saturated steam pressure is increased until the rock sample is macroscopically damaged, and the maximum steam pressure of the system can reach 22 MPa.
12) And after the test is finished, recording test results such as a pressure curve in the drill hole, the deformation of the rock sample, an acoustic emission positioning result, characteristic parameters and the like in the fracturing test process.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a rock high temperature high pressure superheated steam control fracturing test device which characterized in that: the loading system comprises a first steam generator (1), a second steam generator (2) and a loading system (3), wherein the first steam generator (1) and the second steam generator (2) are sequentially connected in series, and a gas outlet of the second steam generator (2) is connected with the loading system (3) through a steam pipeline (4);
the loading system (3) has the structure that: the device comprises an upper pressure plate (31), side pressure plates (32), an air inlet pipe (33), an air outlet pipe (34) and boiler pipes (35), wherein the upper pressure plate (31) and the side pressure plates (32) are respectively arranged on the upper side and four side surfaces of a rock sample (36) and used for applying three-way stress to the rock sample (36), blind holes are vertically processed on the upper side of the rock sample (36), the boiler pipes (35) are vertically inserted into the blind holes, gaps are reserved between the lower ends of the boiler pipes (35) and the bottoms of the blind holes, air inlet and outlet channels are arranged in the upper pressure plate (31) and used as the air inlet pipe (33) and the air outlet pipe (34), and the air inlet pipe (33) and the air outlet pipe (34) are respectively communicated with the upper ends of the boiler pipes (35) and the upper ends of the blind holes; the upper pressure plate (31) and the side pressure plate (32) are correspondingly connected to the true triaxial servo loading system; the upper pressure plate (31) is provided with a steam guide device, and an air inlet of the upper pressure plate (31) is communicated with a boiler pipe on the upper pressure plate, so that steam is directly introduced to the bottom of the rock sample drill hole; the high-temperature superheated steam is cooled into water after being introduced into the drill holes; after the air outlet of the upper pressure plate (31) is opened, high-temperature steam entering the bottom of the hole vaporizes water, pushes the vaporized water to flow along a channel between the boiler pipe and the drill hole, and exhausts a sample through the air outlet;
the first steam generator (1) is used for providing saturated steam, the second steam generator (2) is used for heating the saturated steam provided by the first steam generator (1) into high-temperature superheated steam with the temperature of 200-;
the structure of the first steam generator (1) is the same as that of the second steam generator (2), and the first steam generator and the second steam generator comprise a boiler coil (11), a ceramic electric heating jacket (12) and a heat-insulating layer (13), wherein the boiler coil (11) is of a spiral structure, the ceramic electric heating jacket (12) is arranged on the outer side of the boiler coil (11) in a matching manner, and the heat-insulating layer (13) is arranged on the outer side of the ceramic electric heating jacket (12) and wraps the boiler coil (11) and the ceramic electric heating jacket (12) in a sealing manner;
the bottom of the first steam generator (1) is connected with a pump (14) through a pipeline, the pump (14) is used for injecting water to a boiler coil (11) in the first steam generator (1), a communicating pipe (15) is arranged between the upper end and the lower end of the boiler coil (11) of the first steam generator (1), a liquid level meter (16) is arranged on the communicating pipe (15), and the upper end of the boiler coil (11) of the first steam generator (1) is communicated with the lower end of the boiler coil (11) of the second steam generator (2); and according to the relation of the saturated steam-pressure curve, controlling the pressure boosting path of the saturated steam through the temperature rising path of the temperature of the saturated steam, and further controlling the pressure boosting path of the superheated steam.
2. The rock high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam controlled fracturing test device of claim 1, characterized in that: a sealing gasket is arranged between the upper pressure plate (31) and the rock sample (36), and a plurality of annular grooves are processed on the contact surface of the upper pressure plate (31) and the sealing gasket to ensure the sealing property.
3. The rock high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam controlled fracturing test device of claim 2, characterized in that: the steam boiler is characterized in that a temperature controller and a circuit breaker protector (17) are arranged on the ceramic electric heating jacket (12), an extension pipe (18) is arranged at the upper end of a boiler coil pipe (11) of the second steam generator (2), one end of the extension pipe (18) is communicated with the boiler coil pipe (11), the other end of the extension pipe (18) extends out of the heat insulation layer (13), a safety valve (19) is arranged at the end of the extension pipe, a thermometer (110) and a pressure gauge (111) are arranged on the extension pipe (18) located on the outer side of the heat insulation layer (13), and the air inlet pipe (33) is communicated with the extension pipe (18) through the safety valve (19).
4. The rock high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam controlled fracturing test device of claim 1, characterized in that: the device is characterized in that a deformation-stress testing system (5) and an acoustic emission system (6) are connected to the side pressure plate (32), a drilling steam temperature recording system (7) and a drilling steam pressure recording system (8) are connected to the air inlet pipe (33), and the deformation-stress testing system (5), the drilling steam temperature recording system (7) and the drilling steam pressure recording system (8) are all connected to a data acquisition and automatic control system (9).
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| CN201810326323.8A CN108518213B (en) | 2018-04-12 | 2018-04-12 | Rock high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam control fracturing test device |
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| CN112414882B (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2022-04-01 | 武汉大学 | High-temperature crystalline rock cold impact cracking experiment system and method |
| CN114575811B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-22 | 太原理工大学 | Device and method for extracting oil gas from organic rock reservoirs with different burial depths through convection heating |
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