CN108515178B - Iron-copper-based oil-retaining bearing material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Iron-copper-based oil-retaining bearing material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN108515178B
CN108515178B CN201810488734.7A CN201810488734A CN108515178B CN 108515178 B CN108515178 B CN 108515178B CN 201810488734 A CN201810488734 A CN 201810488734A CN 108515178 B CN108515178 B CN 108515178B
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CN108515178A (en
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杨成
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Westar Powder Metallurgy Co ltd
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    • B22F1/0003
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/26Impregnating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an iron-copper-based oil-retaining bearing which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-80% of copper-clad iron powder, 10-50% of tin bronze powder, 1-4% of zinc powder, 1-5% of phosphorus copper powder, 1-5% of copper-clad graphite powder, 0.5-2% of boron nitride powder, 1-3% of silicon nitride powder and 0.5-1% of zinc stearate powder. The test result shows that the bearing is suitable for the most working conditions such as high load, high rotating speed and the like by selecting specific raw materials and raw material proportion, can adapt to the specific working conditions by adjusting a proper proportion, and has wide market application prospect.

Description

Iron-copper-based oil-retaining bearing material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oil-retaining bearing, in particular to an iron-copper-based oil-retaining bearing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The oil-retaining bearing is a widely used industrial product which can only be manufactured by powder metallurgy technology, and is used as a key part of a small and medium-sized motor, the oil-retaining bearing supports a motor shaft to run, and the performance of the motor on noise and service life is directly related.
Commonly used oil-impregnated bearings fall into three broad categories: copper-based oil bearings, iron-based oil bearings, and iron-copper-based oil bearings. The copper-based oil-retaining bearing has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, low noise, long service life, small friction coefficient, good heat conductivity and good seizure resistance, but has lower strength and hardness and higher cost, and is only suitable for the working conditions of low load and high linear speed. The iron-based oil-retaining bearing has high strength and good cost and wear resistance, but is easy to corrode and has poor seizure resistance, and is only suitable for working conditions of high load and low linear velocity. The iron-copper-based oil-retaining bearing has the advantages of both an iron-based oil-retaining bearing and a copper-based oil-retaining bearing, and has the advantages of high strength, high hardness, low cost, good corrosion resistance, good wear resistance and small friction coefficient, but the sintering size change rate is large, and the iron-copper-based oil-retaining bearing is only suitable for the working conditions of high load and low linear velocity; and when the content of copper in the iron-copper-based oil-retaining bearing exceeds the solubility of copper in iron, the interior of the material becomes a copper-iron metal complex, and due to the difference of corrosion potentials of iron and copper, copper and iron become galvanic cells for electrochemical corrosion in a wet environment, so that the corrosion of parts is accelerated, and the failure of the parts can be caused.
Therefore, an oil-retaining bearing which has good comprehensive performance and is suitable for most working conditions is urgently needed in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an iron-copper-based oil-retaining bearing which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40-80% of copper-clad iron powder, 10-50% of tin bronze powder, 1-4% of zinc powder, 1-5% of phosphorus copper powder, 1-5% of copper-clad graphite powder, 0.5-2% of boron nitride powder, 1-3% of silicon nitride powder and 0.5-1% of zinc stearate powder.
Further, the feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60-80% of copper-clad iron powder, 10-35% of tin bronze powder, 1-4% of zinc powder, 1-5% of phosphorus copper powder, 1-5% of copper-clad graphite powder, 0.5-1% of boron nitride powder, 1-3% of silicon nitride powder and 1% of zinc stearate powder.
Further, the feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60-80% of copper-clad iron powder, 10-30% of tin bronze powder, 1-3% of zinc powder, 1-2% of phosphorus copper powder, 1-2% of copper-clad graphite powder, 1% of boron nitride powder, 1% of silicon nitride powder and 1% of zinc stearate powder.
Further, the feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60% of copper-clad iron powder, 30% of tin bronze powder, 3% of zinc powder, 2% of phosphorus copper powder, 2% of copper-clad graphite powder, 1% of boron nitride powder, 1% of silicon nitride powder and 1% of zinc stearate powder.
Further, the granularity of the copper-clad iron powder is-100 meshes, the granularity of the tin bronze powder is-100 meshes, the granularity of the zinc powder is-300 meshes, the granularity of the phosphorus copper powder is-300 meshes, the granularity of the copper-clad graphite powder is-200 meshes, the granularity of the boron nitride powder is-300 meshes, the granularity of the silicon nitride powder is-300 meshes, and the granularity of the zinc stearate powder is-300 meshes.
Further, the boron nitride powder is spheroidized cubic boron nitride powder.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the iron-copper-based oil-retaining bearing, which is prepared by adopting a conventional method in the field (burdening-mixing-forming-sintering-shaping-vacuum oil immersion), wherein the sintering temperature is 850 ℃.
The copper-clad iron powder is formed by uniformly coating a layer of copper on the periphery of iron particles. The iron is introduced into the formula, so that the integral hardness of the bearing is improved, and the bearing capacity of the bearing is improved; and reduces material costs. And a layer of copper is wrapped outside the iron powder, so that the material is not exposed to the outside by iron particles, and the characteristics of high corrosion resistance, low friction coefficient and good heat conductivity of the copper are improved.
And the zinc powder is alloyed with copper in the sintering process to form a copper-tin-zinc ternary alloy, so that the corrosion resistance of the surface of the material is further improved.
The phosphorus copper powder is melted into liquid during sintering, so that the phosphorus copper powder is beneficial to alloying, the adhesion strength of a copper cladding layer on iron particles is improved, the embedding strength of copper-clad graphite powder, boron nitride powder and silicon nitride powder in the material is improved, the integral strength and toughness of the material are improved, higher load is favorably borne, and the vibration load bearing capacity is improved.
Graphite powder is added in a copper-clad graphite mode, so that the scarf joint strength of graphite in materials is improved. When the motor runs, the copper layer on the surface layer is worn out to expose the graphite on the sliding working surface, thereby playing the role of lubrication and friction reduction.
The silicon nitride powder is dispersed in the material, and has the dispersion strengthening effect of strengthening and preventing the plastic deformation of the material when the bearing bears high pressure by utilizing the characteristics of low friction coefficient and high hardness.
The boron nitride powder is dispersed in the material, and by utilizing the red hardness characteristic of the boron nitride powder, when the motor runs at ultrahigh speed, the dispersion strengthening effect of preventing the material from plastic deformation and welding adhesion at local high temperature is achieved.
The bearing is suitable for the most working conditions such as high load, high rotating speed and the like by selecting specific raw materials and raw material proportion, can adapt to the specific working conditions by adjusting a proper proportion, and has wide market application prospect.
Obviously, many modifications, substitutions, and variations are possible in light of the above teachings of the invention, without departing from the basic technical spirit of the invention, as defined by the following claims.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. This should not be understood as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following examples. All the technologies realized based on the above contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The raw materials and instruments used in the invention can be purchased from the market.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of the bearing of the invention
(1) Taking materials: 80g of copper-clad iron powder, 10g of tin bronze powder, 3g of zinc powder, 2g of phosphorus copper powder, 2g of copper-clad graphite powder, 1g of spheroidized cubic boron nitride powder, 1g of silicon nitride powder and 1g of zinc stearate powder.
(2) The preparation comprises the steps of mixing, forming, sintering at 850 ℃ for 30 minutes, shaping and vacuum oil immersion, thus obtaining the high-corrosion-resistance bearing.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of the bearing of the invention
(1) Taking materials: 70g of copper-clad iron powder, 20g of tin bronze powder, 3g of zinc powder, 2g of phosphorus copper powder, 2g of copper-clad graphite powder, 1g of spheroidized cubic boron nitride powder, 1g of silicon nitride powder and 1g of zinc stearate powder.
(2) The preparation comprises the steps of mixing, forming, sintering at 850 ℃ for 30 minutes, shaping and vacuum oil immersion, thus obtaining the high-corrosion-resistance bearing.
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of the bearing of the invention
(1) Taking materials: 60g of copper-clad iron powder, 30g of tin bronze powder, 3g of zinc powder, 2g of phosphorus copper powder, 2g of copper-clad graphite powder, 1g of spheroidized cubic boron nitride powder, 1g of silicon nitride powder and 1g of zinc stearate powder.
(2) The preparation comprises the steps of mixing, forming, sintering at 850 ℃ for 30 minutes, shaping and vacuum oil immersion, thus obtaining the high-corrosion-resistance bearing.
EXAMPLE 4 preparation of the bearing of the invention
(1) Taking materials: 50g of copper-clad iron powder, 40g of tin bronze powder, 3g of zinc powder, 2g of phosphorus copper powder, 2g of copper-clad graphite powder, 1g of spheroidized cubic boron nitride powder, 1g of silicon nitride powder and 1g of zinc stearate powder.
(2) The preparation comprises the steps of mixing, forming, sintering at 850 ℃ for 30 minutes, shaping and vacuum oil immersion, thus obtaining the high-corrosion-resistance bearing.
EXAMPLE 5 preparation of the bearing of the invention
(1) Taking materials: 40g of copper-clad iron powder, 50g of tin bronze powder, 3g of zinc powder, 2g of phosphorus copper powder, 2g of copper-clad graphite powder, 1g of spheroidized cubic boron nitride powder, 1g of silicon nitride powder and 1g of zinc stearate powder.
(2) The preparation comprises the steps of mixing, forming, sintering at 850 ℃ for 30 minutes, shaping and vacuum oil immersion, thus obtaining the high-corrosion-resistance bearing.
EXAMPLE 6 preparation of the bearing of the invention
(1) Taking materials: 60g of copper-clad iron powder, 20g of tin bronze powder, 4g of zinc powder, 5g of phosphorus copper powder, 5g of copper-clad graphite powder, 2g of spheroidized cubic boron nitride powder, 3g of silicon nitride powder and 1g of zinc stearate powder.
(2) The preparation comprises the steps of mixing, forming, sintering at 850 ℃ for 30 minutes, shaping and vacuum oil immersion, thus obtaining the high-corrosion-resistance bearing.
EXAMPLE 7 preparation of the bearing of the invention
(1) Taking materials: 60g of copper-clad iron powder, 34.5g of tin bronze powder, 1g of zinc powder, 1g of phosphorus copper powder, 1g of copper-clad graphite powder, 0.5g of spheroidized cubic boron nitride powder, 1g of silicon nitride powder and 1g of zinc stearate powder.
(2) The preparation comprises the steps of mixing, forming, sintering at 850 ℃ for 30 minutes, shaping and vacuum oil immersion, thus obtaining the high-corrosion-resistance bearing.
The advantageous effects of the present invention are described below by way of test examples.
Test example 1 bearing Performance test
1. Experimental materials:
bearings prepared in examples 1 to 7;
comparative example 1:
raw materials: 81.5g of iron powder +18g of copper powder +0.5g of zinc stearate powder (GB FZ14262)
The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing powder, pressing, sintering (keeping the temperature at 980 ℃ for 30 minutes), shaping, cleaning and oil immersion.
Comparative example 2:
raw materials: 55g of iron powder, 43g of copper-tin 10 alloy powder, 1g of graphite powder and 1g of zinc stearate powder
The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing powder, pressing, sintering (keeping the temperature at 850 ℃ for 30 minutes), shaping, cleaning and oil immersion.
2. Performance testing
(1) Shrinkage rate: the shrinkage of the above materials was tested according to GB/T228-2002
(2) Crushing strength: testing the radial crushing strength of the material according to GB/T6804-;
(3) and (3) hardness testing: testing the HB hardness of the end face of the material according to GB 231-84;
(4) and (3) rust prevention test: testing the rusting time in immersed water;
(5) and (3) wear resistance test: testing the wear amount of the inner hole after 120 hours by a 380PV value;
3. results
The performance test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 test results of examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 2
Figure BDA0001667540680000051
The results show that the bearing has excellent corrosion resistance under the condition of the raw material proportion of the embodiment 1-7; the bearing of the present invention has excellent comprehensive properties of shrinkage, crushing strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, small sintering dimensional change rate, etc. under the raw material ratios of the examples 1 to 3, wherein the comprehensive properties of the bearing prepared under the raw material ratio of the example 3 are the best.
In conclusion, the bearing is suitable for the most working conditions such as high load, high rotating speed and the like by selecting specific raw materials and raw material proportion, can adapt to the specific working conditions by adjusting the proportion of a proper amount, and has wide market application prospect.

Claims (6)

1. An iron-copper based oil retaining bearing, characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40-80% of copper-clad iron powder, 10-50% of tin bronze powder, 1-4% of zinc powder, 1-5% of phosphorus copper powder, 1-5% of copper-clad graphite powder, 0.5-2% of boron nitride powder, 1-3% of silicon nitride powder and 0.5-1% of zinc stearate powder; the boron nitride powder is spheroidized cubic boron nitride powder, the granularity of the copper-coated iron powder is-100 meshes, and the granularity of the tin bronze powder is-100 meshes;
the granularity of the zinc powder is-300 meshes, the granularity of the phosphorus copper powder is-300 meshes, the granularity of the copper-coated graphite powder is-200 meshes, the granularity of the boron nitride powder is-300 meshes, the granularity of the silicon nitride powder is-300 meshes, and the granularity of the zinc stearate powder is-300 meshes.
2. The iron-copper based oil impregnated bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60-80% of copper-clad iron powder, 10-35% of tin bronze powder, 1-4% of zinc powder, 1-5% of phosphorus copper powder, 1-5% of copper-clad graphite powder, 0.5-1% of boron nitride powder, 1-3% of silicon nitride powder and 1% of zinc stearate powder.
3. The iron-copper based oil impregnated bearing according to claim 2, wherein: the composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60-80% of copper-clad iron powder, 10-30% of tin bronze powder, 1-3% of zinc powder, 1-2% of phosphorus copper powder, 1-2% of copper-clad graphite powder, 1% of boron nitride powder, 1% of silicon nitride powder and 1% of zinc stearate powder.
4. The iron-copper based oil impregnated bearing according to claim 3, wherein: the composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60% of copper-clad iron powder, 30% of tin bronze powder, 3% of zinc powder, 2% of phosphorus copper powder, 2% of copper-clad graphite powder, 1% of boron nitride powder, 1% of silicon nitride powder and 1% of zinc stearate powder.
5. A method for manufacturing an iron-copper based oil-retaining bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: the method is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
preparing materials, mixing materials, forming, sintering, shaping, and vacuum oil immersion.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the sintering temperature was 850 ℃.
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CN109692951B (en) * 2018-12-20 2022-03-01 东睦新材料集团股份有限公司 Method for manufacturing powder metallurgy self-lubricating bearing
CN110983151B (en) * 2019-12-10 2021-09-21 华南理工大学 High-iron copper-based oil-retaining bearing material containing nano WC and preparation method thereof
CN112276077A (en) * 2020-10-28 2021-01-29 福州市辰亿五金制品有限公司 High-wear-resistance copper-coated graphite for oil-retaining bearing and manufacturing method thereof
CN112453385B (en) * 2020-11-23 2022-09-27 成都威士达粉末冶金有限公司 Powder metallurgy composite material with high composite ratio and manufacturing method thereof

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CN1831350A (en) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-13 徐尔森 Oil-containing bearing made of pure copper cladding iron powder
JP4704108B2 (en) * 2005-05-27 2011-06-15 Jx日鉱日石金属株式会社 Composite powder for powder metallurgy and method for producing the same
JP5772498B2 (en) * 2011-10-24 2015-09-02 日立化成株式会社 Sintered oil-impregnated bearing and manufacturing method thereof
CN103071800A (en) * 2012-11-23 2013-05-01 东睦(江门)粉末冶金有限公司 Iron-based oil-containing bearing and manufacturing method thereof
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Denomination of invention: An iron-copper base oil-bearing material and its preparation method

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