CN108506355B - Lubricating method of water-lubricated bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection - Google Patents

Lubricating method of water-lubricated bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection Download PDF

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CN108506355B
CN108506355B CN201810306181.9A CN201810306181A CN108506355B CN 108506355 B CN108506355 B CN 108506355B CN 201810306181 A CN201810306181 A CN 201810306181A CN 108506355 B CN108506355 B CN 108506355B
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oil
lubrication
bearing
water
sliding bearing
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CN108506355A (en
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郭峰
刘牧原
梁鹏
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Qingdao University of Technology
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Qingdao University of Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/02Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of sliding-contact bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/109Lubricant compositions or properties, e.g. viscosity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16NLUBRICATING
    • F16N15/00Lubrication with substances other than oil or grease; Lubrication characterised by the use of particular lubricants in particular apparatus or conditions
    • F16N15/04Lubrication with substances other than oil or grease; Lubrication characterised by the use of particular lubricants in particular apparatus or conditions with water
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16NLUBRICATING
    • F16N2210/00Applications
    • F16N2210/14Bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16NLUBRICATING
    • F16N2270/00Controlling
    • F16N2270/50Condition
    • F16N2270/52Viscosity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16NLUBRICATING
    • F16N2270/00Controlling
    • F16N2270/70Supply

Abstract

The invention belongs to the design field of sliding bearings, and relates to a lubricating method of a water-lubricated bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection, which comprises the steps of firstly obtaining the critical rotating speed of an oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing reaching the hydrodynamic lubrication under the water lubrication condition, setting the rotating speed as the rated rotating speed of the bearing completing the start, inputting the rated rotating speed into a lubricating oil agent supply system, carrying out micro oil supply before the rotating speed of the bearing reaches the rated rotating speed when the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing starts, carrying out oil-water mixed lubrication, reducing the speed required by forming the hydrodynamic lubrication, enabling the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing to be in a hydrodynamic lubrication state, stopping the oil supply and adopting pure water lubrication when the continuous rotating speed of the bearing reaches more than or equal to the rated rotating speed, and enabling the bearing to be in an oil-water mixing stage when equipment needs to stop, the duration time of boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication is shortened, and oil supply is stopped until the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing stops rotating, so that the lubrication effect is good.

Description

Lubricating method of water-lubricated bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of sliding bearing design, and particularly relates to a lubricating method of a water-lubricated bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection.
Background art:
the bearing is used as a key part in mechanical transmission and is widely applied in industry. The load, the rotating speed and the temperature of the bearing are different under different working conditions and are influenced by various impurities, so that the design and the lubrication mode of the bearing need to be correspondingly adjusted according to different working environments. The traditional bearing lubrication mostly uses oil as a lubricating medium, a large amount of oil resources are consumed, and in order to prevent leakage, the bearing needs to be sealed, so that the bearing structure is complex.
In order to meet the continuous development of industrial technology in China and the technical requirements on ocean engineering equipment and high-tech ships, the service life and the performance of the bearing used in water for a long time are improved. In order to overcome the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by oil-lubricated bearings, water-lubricated bearings using water as a lubricating medium are available in the market. Compared with an oil lubrication bearing, the water lubrication bearing has the characteristics of simple structure, cleanness, environmental protection, low cost and the like. However, because the viscosity of water is low and the bearing capacity of a water film is poor, the water-lubricated bearing is in a mixed lubrication state or even a boundary lubrication state under the starting and stopping states and the low-speed working condition, so that the bearing material is easily abraded, and the service life and the operation performance of the bearing are seriously influenced. Therefore, the water lubrication bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection is designed, and a proper lubrication mode can be selected according to different rotating speeds of the bearing so as to improve the lubrication effect of the bearing.
The coordinate characterization S0 in the stribeck curve, i.e. viscosity x speed/load, i.e. the number of Sommerfelds in fluid lubrication, can be seen from the stribeck curve with the abscissa S0The numerical value of (2) is increased, the clearance h between the friction pairs is continuously increased, the bearing lubrication state is gradually changed from boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication into dynamic pressure lubrication, and the bearing lubrication performance is continuously improved. In the case of the water-lubricated sliding bearing, the load W and the viscosity mu of the lubricating medium are constant, so that S is0With the increase of the rotating speed of the bearing, the thickness of the lubricating oil film in the bearing is increased continuously, and the lubricating state is switched from boundary lubrication to mixed lubrication and then to hydrodynamic lubrication. Because the bearing is seriously worn under the conditions of boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication, a critical speed can be calculated through a Stribeck (stribeck) curve, and when the rotating speed of the bearing is lower than the critical speed, the bearing is in a boundary or mixed lubrication stage, so that the bearing material is easily worn; only when the rotating speed of the bearing is higher than the speed, the bearing can be in hydrodynamic lubrication, the friction pair can be effectively isolated by a water film to form good lubrication, and the kinematic viscosity v of water at 20 ℃ is 1.005 multiplied by 10^ (-6) (m) due to the low viscosity of water2And/s) and the critical rotating speed is higher, so that the bearing is in the boundary and the mixed lubrication time is longer in the start-stop stage, the bearing abrasion is easily caused, and the service life and the performance of the bearing are influenced. Therefore, the lubricating method for the water-lubricated bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection is designed and prepared, the bearing can be effectively protected and abrasion can be reduced by a mixed lubrication mode during start-stop.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and seeks to design a lubricating method of a water-lubricated bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection, so that the bearing can be effectively protected and the abrasion can be reduced in a mixed lubricating mode during start-stop, and the lubricating effect is good.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the lubricating method of the water lubricating bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection is realized based on an oil-water mixed lubricating sliding bearing, and the main structure of the oil-water mixed lubricating sliding bearing comprises the following steps: the bearing comprises an upper bearing seat, a lower bearing seat, a bush, an oil filling hole, an oil groove and a rotating shaft; the department is provided with the bush of hollow cylinder structure in the middle of bolster bearing housing and the step, the outer border department evenly distributed of bush has the oil groove that is used for saving emollient, the pivot is installed in the bush, the pivot can be rotatory for the bush, the upside left side of bolster bearing housing is opened there is the oil filler point, the cylindrical structure of oil filler point for the slope extends, the upper end and the lubricated finish feed system of oil filler point are connected, be used for carrying emollient, the lower extreme of oil filler point extends to in the bush and communicates with the oil groove of bush, can make the emollient of lubricated finish feed system pass through the oil filler point and pour into lubricating oil into pivot and bush in.
The lubricating mode of the oil-water mixed lubricating sliding bearing is mainly water lubrication, the oil-water mixed lubricating sliding bearing is positioned in a water environment in the working process, and the lubricating method of the water lubricating bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, according to the load W of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing and the viscosity mu of the lubrication medium, a Stribeck curve is measured by a four-ball testing machine, so as to obtain the critical rotating speed of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing reaching the hydrodynamic lubrication under the water lubrication condition, the rotating speed is set as the rated rotating speed of the bearing completing the starting, the rated rotating speed is input into a lubrication oil agent supply system, when the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is started, before the rotating speed of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing reaches the rated rotating speed, the oil injection system feeds back that the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing does not reach the rated rotating speed according to the fact that the-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing does not reach the rated rotating speed, the oil hole and the oil groove are used for supplying oil to the space between the bush and the rotating shaft in a trace manner, the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in, the speed required by forming hydrodynamic lubrication is reduced, the duration time of boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication states is shortened, the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in a hydrodynamic lubrication state, the water lubrication bearing is protected in a starting stage, the bearing abrasion is reduced, and the service life and the performance of the bearing are improved;
s2, when the continuous operation speed of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is continuously increased and reaches the rated rotating speed or more, the lubrication oil agent supply system stops supplying oil according to the feedback that the water-oil mixed lubrication sliding bearing reaches the rated rotating speed, and the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in the pure water lubrication state; in this state, because the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing has high rotating speed, the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in a liquid dynamic pressure lubrication stage, good lubrication can be formed, and the pollution of the lubricating oil discharge to the environment can be reduced;
s3, when the equipment needs to stop, the rotating speed of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing gradually decreases to be less than the rated rotating speed, the lubrication oil agent supply system supplies oil to the space between the bush and the rotating shaft in a micro-amount through the oil filling hole and the oil groove according to the feedback that the-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing has reached the rated rotating speed, so that the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in an oil-water mixing stage, the duration time of boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication is shortened, and the oil supply is stopped until the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing stops rotating.
Further, the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing start and stop signals and the rotating speed detection of the rotating shaft are obtained by a control system of a commercially available ship or other machinery, or by installing a speed sensor on the rotating shaft connected with the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing.
Further, the lubricating oil used for the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing of the present invention is commercially available lubricating oil, animal oil or vegetable oil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: through the trace oil lubrication system, the water lubrication sliding bearing is supplied with oil at the low-speed stage of starting and stopping, the boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication time of the water lubrication bearing is shortened, the continuous time of a liquid dynamic pressure lubrication state is prolonged, the abrasion of the bearing is reduced, and the service life and the running performance of the bearing are improved. Meanwhile, the micro oil supply is carried out on the bearing only in the starting and stopping stage, so that the oil supply time is short, the oil consumption is low, the pollution to the environment can be reduced by using animal oil and vegetable oil, the main body structure is simple, the design concept is ingenious, the manufacturing cost is low, and the market prospect is wide.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of section a-a of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of stribeck according to the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
in this embodiment, the lubrication method of the water-lubricated bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection is implemented based on an oil-water hybrid lubrication sliding bearing, and the main structure of the oil-water hybrid lubrication sliding bearing includes: the bearing comprises an upper bearing seat 1, a lower bearing seat 2, a bush 3, an oil filling hole 4, an oil groove 5 and a rotating shaft 6; the department is provided with bush 3 of hollow cylinder structure in the middle of bolster bearing housing 1 and lower bearing housing 2, the outer border department evenly distributed of bush 3 has the oil groove that is used for saving emollient, pivot 6 is installed in bush 3, pivot 6 can be rotatory for bush 3, the upper left side of bolster bearing housing 1 is opened there is oil filler point 4, oil filler point 4 is the cylindrical structure of slope extension, the upper end and the lubricated finish feed system of oil filler point 4 are connected, be used for carrying emollient, the lower end of oil filler point 4 extends to in the bush 3 and communicates with 5 of oil groove of bush 3, can make the emollient of lubricated finish feed system pour into pivot 6 and bush 3 into lubricating oil through oil filler point 4.
The lubricating mode of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing in the embodiment is mainly water lubrication, in the working process, the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is located in a water environment, and the lubricating method of the water lubrication bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, according to the load W of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing and the viscosity mu of the lubrication medium, a Stribeck curve is measured by a four-ball testing machine, so as to obtain the critical rotating speed of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing reaching the hydrodynamic lubrication under the water lubrication condition, the rotating speed is set as the rated rotating speed of the bearing completing the starting, the rated rotating speed is input into a lubrication oil agent supply system, when the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is started, before the rotating speed of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing reaches the rated rotating speed, the oil injection system feeds back that the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing does not reach the rated rotating speed, the oil hole 4 and the oil groove 5 supply oil to the space between the bush 3 and the rotating shaft 6 in a trace manner, so that the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in the oil-water mixing stage, and the viscosity of the lubrication medium is increased, the speed required by forming the hydrodynamic lubrication is reduced, the duration time of the boundary lubrication and the mixed lubrication state is shortened, the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in the hydrodynamic lubrication state, the water lubrication bearing is protected in the starting stage, the bearing abrasion is reduced, and the service life and the performance of the bearing are improved;
s2, when the continuous operation speed of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is continuously increased and reaches the rated rotating speed or more, the lubrication oil agent supply system stops supplying oil according to the feedback that the water-oil mixed lubrication sliding bearing reaches the rated rotating speed, and the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in the pure water lubrication state; in this state, because the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing has high rotating speed, the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in a liquid dynamic pressure lubrication stage, good lubrication can be formed, and the pollution of the lubricating oil discharge to the environment can be reduced;
s3, when the equipment needs to stop, the rotating speed of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing gradually decreases to be less than the rated rotating speed, the lubrication oil agent supply system supplies a small amount of oil to the space between the bush 3 and the rotating shaft 6 through the oil hole 4 and the oil groove 5 according to the feedback that the-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing has reached the rated rotating speed, so that the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in an oil-water mixing stage, the duration time of boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication is shortened, and the oil supply is stopped until the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing stops rotating.
Further, in the embodiment, the start and stop signals of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing and the rotation speed detection of the rotating shaft are obtained by a control system of a commercially available ship or other machinery, or obtained by installing a speed sensor on the rotating shaft connected with the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing.
Further, as the lubricating oil used for the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing in this embodiment, a commercially available lubricating oil, an animal oil, or a vegetable oil is selected.

Claims (3)

1. A lubrication method of a water-lubricated bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection is characterized in that the method is realized based on an oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing, and the main structure of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing comprises the following steps: the bearing comprises an upper bearing seat, a lower bearing seat, a bush, an oil filling hole, an oil groove and a rotating shaft; a bush with a hollow cylindrical structure is arranged between the upper bearing seat and the lower bearing seat, oil grooves for storing lubricating oil are uniformly distributed at the outer edge of the bush, the rotating shaft is arranged in the bush, the rotating shaft can rotate relative to the bush, the left upper side of the upper bearing seat is provided with an oil filling hole which is of a cylindrical structure extending obliquely, the upper end of the oil filling hole is connected with a lubricating oil supply system, the lubricating oil feeding device is used for conveying lubricating oil, the lower end of the oil filling hole extends into the bushing and is communicated with an oil groove of the bushing, the lubricating oil of the lubricating oil agent supply system can be injected into the rotating shaft and the bushing through the oil filling hole, the lubricating mode of the oil-water mixed lubricating sliding bearing is mainly water lubrication, and in the working process, the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is positioned in a water environment, and the lubrication method of the water lubrication bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, according to the load W of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing and the viscosity mu of the lubrication medium, a Stribeck curve is measured by a four-ball testing machine, so as to obtain the critical rotating speed of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing reaching the hydrodynamic lubrication under the water lubrication condition, the rotating speed is set as the rated rotating speed of the bearing completing the starting, the rated rotating speed is input into a lubrication oil agent supply system, when the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is started, before the rotating speed of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing reaches the rated rotating speed, the oil injection system feeds back the fact that the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing does not reach the rated rotating speed, the oil injection hole and the oil groove supply oil to the space between the bush and the rotating shaft in a micro-quantity, so that the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in the oil-water mixing stage, and the speed required by forming the hydrodynamic lubrication is reduced by, the duration time of the boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication state is shortened, the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in a liquid dynamic pressure lubrication state, the water lubrication bearing is protected in the starting stage, the bearing abrasion is reduced, and the service life and the performance of the bearing are improved;
s2, when the continuous operation speed of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is continuously increased and reaches more than or equal to the rated rotation speed, the lubrication oil agent supply system stops oil supply according to the feedback that the-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing reaches the rated rotation speed, and at the moment, the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in a pure water lubrication state; in this state, because the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing has high rotating speed, the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in a liquid dynamic pressure lubrication stage, good lubrication can be formed, and the pollution of the lubricating oil discharge to the environment can be reduced;
s3, when the equipment needs to stop, when the rotating speed of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing gradually drops to be less than the rated rotating speed, the lubrication oil agent supply system supplies oil to the space between the bush and the rotating shaft in a micro amount through the oil filling hole and the oil groove according to the feedback that the-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing has reached the rated rotating speed, so that the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is in an oil-water mixing stage, the duration time of boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication is shortened, and the oil supply is stopped until the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing stops rotating.
2. The lubrication method of the water lubricated bearing based on micro oil drop lubrication start-stop protection according to claim 1, wherein the start, stop signal and rotation speed detection of the rotating shaft of the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing are obtained by a control system of a commercially available ship or other machinery, or by installing a speed sensor on the rotating shaft connected with the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing.
3. The lubrication method of the water-lubricated bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil used for the oil-water mixed lubrication sliding bearing is selected from commercially available lubricating oil, animal oil or vegetable oil.
CN201810306181.9A 2018-04-08 2018-04-08 Lubricating method of water-lubricated bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection Active CN108506355B (en)

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DE102019218117A1 (en) * 2019-11-25 2021-05-27 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Self-healing slide bearing
CN111947002B (en) * 2020-08-20 2021-06-29 青岛理工大学 Water-lubricated overload protection lubricating oil line supply system and overload protection method
CN112923226B (en) * 2021-02-08 2022-02-01 青岛理工大学 Micro-fluidic technology-based micro-oil drop supply system and auxiliary lubrication method thereof
CN113586923A (en) * 2021-07-27 2021-11-02 武汉理工大学 Automatic lubricant supply system for water-lubricated tail bearing of ship under low-speed working condition
CN113669375B (en) * 2021-09-02 2023-05-16 武汉联影医疗科技有限公司 Method, system and device for determining use condition of dynamic pressure sliding bearing
CN114183392B (en) * 2021-11-10 2024-03-19 江苏大学 Water lubrication bearing suitable for sea water desalination energy recovery all-in-one

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JP4355278B2 (en) * 2004-11-22 2009-10-28 新日本製鐵株式会社 Lubricating oil supply method in cold rolling
CN102003464A (en) * 2010-12-03 2011-04-06 孙实 Water lubricated bearing
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