CN111947002B - Water-lubricated overload protection lubricating oil line supply system and overload protection method - Google Patents
Water-lubricated overload protection lubricating oil line supply system and overload protection method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111947002B CN111947002B CN202010840358.0A CN202010840358A CN111947002B CN 111947002 B CN111947002 B CN 111947002B CN 202010840358 A CN202010840358 A CN 202010840358A CN 111947002 B CN111947002 B CN 111947002B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- lubricating oil
- friction
- lubricating
- lubrication
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N7/00—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated
- F16N7/38—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated with a separate pump; Central lubrication systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N21/00—Conduits; Junctions; Fittings for lubrication apertures
- F16N21/02—Lubricating nipples
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of water lubrication, and particularly relates to a water-lubricated overload protection lubricating oil line supply system and an overload protection method, wherein the overload protection method comprises the steps that when the friction coefficient of a water-lubricated friction pair exceeds a critical value, lubricating oil enters the water-lubricated friction pair in the form of an oil line in water through the lubricating oil line supply system to be lubricated in an auxiliary manner, and a generated oil film replaces a fragile water film to carry out bearing, so that the water-lubricated overload protection is realized; the auxiliary lubricating effect of the lubricating oil line reaches 2 hours each time; the effect is quick, and the friction reduction amplitude is large; the problem of poor lubrication of the water lubricating material under the sudden load change working condition is solved, auxiliary lubrication is performed according to the sudden overload working condition, the water lubricating friction pair material is guaranteed to keep a good lubricating state under the sudden working condition, material abrasion is reduced, the service life is prolonged, and the operation stability is greatly improved; the quick-acting type water-saving agent has the advantages of quick response, simple structure, ingenious design concept, low manufacturing cost, environment-friendly application and wide market prospect.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of water lubrication, and particularly relates to a water-lubricated overload protection lubricating oil line supply system and an overload protection method.
Background art:
the lubricating oil has high viscosity and high bearing capacity, and is widely applied to the lubrication of various equipment. However, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the improvement of environmental legislation, the problems of environmental pollution and non-renewable energy caused by lubricating oil have led people to turn more attention to environment-friendly lubricating media, and water has been paid more and more attention as a typical environment-friendly lubricating medium. The water lubrication has the great advantages of simple structure, green and clean performance and low price, is suitable for the fields of ship stern shafts, water pumps, water turbines, mines, agricultural machinery and the like, and has been applied for decades. However, water has the disadvantages of low viscosity, poor film forming ability, etc., and has problems in practical applications all the time. The water lubrication has poor anti-interference capability, and when external working conditions change, such as sudden rise of load, lubrication failure is easily caused, and the application occasions of the water lubrication bearing are often under complex working conditions, such as non-uniform load generated by the arrangement of a cantilever of a ship propeller, shafting vibration, short-time load impact of water flow/ocean current and the like, so that a water film in a contact area is easily collapsed, the bearing capacity is lost, and the bearing wear is aggravated or even fails.
The research on bearing structure, material and the like is carried out, rectangular, arc-shaped, triangular and spiral surface grooves are designed, various series of products such as nitrile rubber, sialon, phylon and the like are developed to improve the wear resistance, and the inherent defect of using water as a lubricant is not changed. The water film bearing capacity is low, interference immunity is poor, when the load fluctuates, the lubrication state is easily changed from elastic flow lubrication to boundary lubrication or even dry friction, when the load fluctuation disappears, the water film can not be rebuilt and can not be recovered to the normal lubrication state, and then the problems of vibration, noise, wear failure and the like are caused. Once in a dry friction condition, the problem of poor lubrication often must be solved within a few tens of seconds, which could lead to tile burning. For example, the sialon water lubricating material can only run for 30-60s under the anhydrous working condition, and can be hydrolyzed when the running temperature in water exceeds 60 ℃; the water-containing lubricating material can not run for more than 2 minutes under the water-free working condition. These are superior among water-based lubricating materials. Therefore, in order to improve the lubrication stability and the anti-interference capability of the water lubrication under the sudden working condition, a new method is needed to rapidly improve the bearing capacity of the lubricating film between the friction pairs when the load suddenly changes and ensure the stability of the lubricating state.
As mentioned above, oil lubrication has the advantages of high viscosity, strong bearing capacity and the like, and the amount of lubricating oil actually participating in lubrication in the friction pair is small. The water-lubricated overload protection lubricating oil line supply system is urgently needed to be designed, the water-lubricated overload protection is realized, the water lubrication and the trace oil lubrication are combined together, when sudden working conditions such as heavy load, vibration and impact are met under the water lubrication condition, the trace lubricating oil is continuously injected into a contact area in an oil line mode at a certain speed, additional oil film bearing capacity is generated, the stability of the lubricating system is improved, a good lubricating state among friction pairs is maintained, the severe working condition is helped to be exceeded, and the aperture of a nozzle can be adjusted to control the diameter of an ejected oil line. It should be pointed out that the environmental pollution caused by injecting a small amount of lubricating oil for a short time can be ignored, and if the lubricating oil is vegetable oil or other environment-friendly lubricating oil with high biodegradation rate, the market prospect is very wide.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and seek to design a water-lubricated overload protection lubricating oil line supply system and an overload protection method, which provide lubricating oil line protection when water lubrication is overloaded, control a nozzle to spray a trace amount of lubricating oil when the water lubrication is overloaded, enable the lubricating oil to enter a contact area in water of an inlet area in the form of an oil line at a certain speed, and enable a generated oil film to replace a fragile water film for bearing, so that a good lubricating state is still kept between friction pairs under a severe working condition, the normal work of the friction pair parts is ensured, and the nozzle does not need to replace a spray head, the aperture of the nozzle can be freely adjusted, and the diameter of the sprayed oil line is controlled.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a water-lubricated overload protection method, which is characterized in that when a water-lubricated friction pair is overloaded, lubricating oil enters the water-lubricated friction pair in the form of an oil line in water through a lubricating oil line supply system to perform auxiliary lubrication of the lubricating oil, so that the purpose of protecting the water-lubricated friction pair material is achieved, and the specific process steps comprise:
s1, measuring a curve of the friction coefficient changing along with the rotating speed by using a related commercially available friction and wear instrument according to the load W between the water lubrication friction pair materials and the viscosity mu of a lubricating medium under the actual working condition; the water lubrication friction pair is often in a mixed lubrication working condition, when load impact occurs, a water film is difficult to provide enough bearing capacity, materials of the friction pair are easy to directly contact, the friction coefficient can be rapidly increased, and the abrasion is serious; therefore, the measured friction coefficient curve is used as a reference to set a friction coefficient critical value; when the friction coefficient of the water lubrication friction pair exceeds a critical value, lubricating oil enters the friction pair in an oil line mode to perform auxiliary lubrication, and a generated oil film replaces a fragile water film to carry out bearing, so that overload protection of water lubrication is realized;
s2, installing a lubricating oil line supply system, wherein the lubricating oil line supply system comprises a nozzle and an oil supply system, the nozzle is externally connected with the oil supply system, and the spraying speed and the supply time of lubricating oil are set through the oil supply system; the nozzle is arranged at a position which is close to the contact zone of the water-lubricated friction pair, and the outlet of the nozzle points to the surface of the moving friction part so as to avoid a countercurrent zone of the inlet of the friction pair and ensure that an oil line enters the contact zone at a certain speed; the nozzle is made of a non-rusty material in water, and the cross section of the spray cavity is circular;
s3, monitoring the load and the friction coefficient of the water lubrication friction pair in a working state in real time, and when the load of the water lubrication friction pair is in a normal condition and the friction coefficient is lower than a critical value, normally lubricating a friction pair material by taking water as a unique lubricating medium; when the water-lubricated friction pair is overloaded and the friction coefficient exceeds a critical value, an oil supply system is started, lubricating oil is continuously sprayed out through a nozzle according to a set spraying speed and supply time, the sprayed lubricating oil breaks through a countercurrent region of a friction pair inlet in a stable oil line form in water and is drawn into a contact region along with the movement of friction pair parts, and a generated oil film replaces a fragile water film to carry, so that the gap between the two parts which originally have local direct contact conditions is increased, namely the thickness of the lubricating film is increased, the bearing capacity of the lubricating film is improved, the friction coefficient is rapidly reduced, the friction pair parts are not in direct contact any more, a good lubricating state is kept between the friction pairs under severe working conditions, and the abrasion of water-lubricated materials is greatly reduced;
s4, in the working state of the water lubrication friction pair, as long as the friction coefficient exceeds a critical value, supplying lubricating oil lines between the friction pair to reduce the friction coefficient and maintain a good lubrication state; when the friction coefficient exceeds the critical value again after the lubricating oil line is supplied to the friction pair for the first time, the lubricating effect of the trace oil line supplied for the first time is weakened or disappeared, and overload still exists; when the friction coefficient exceeds the critical value again, the lubricating effect of the trace oil line supplied for the second time is weakened or disappears, and overload still exists, and at the moment, the trace oil line is supplied for the third time to the friction pair; by analogy, the good lubrication state is maintained; the overload working condition belongs to an unexpected working condition, the duration is short and cannot be lasting, only a few seconds or a few minutes exist, and the auxiliary lubrication effect of each trace lubricating oil line can reach 2 hours, so that the supply is enough only once;
s5, when the load returns to normal and the friction coefficient is lower than a critical value, the friction pair uses water as the only lubricating medium to carry out normal lubrication; and residual lubricating oil in the contact area can be adhered to the surface of the contact pair to form a micro-oil pool due to lower surface tension and stably exists for a long time, so that a good lubricating effect is exerted, the low friction coefficient level can still be kept between the friction pairs under the condition of pure water lubrication for a long time, and the purpose of protecting the water-lubricated friction pair material is achieved.
The specific measurement method of the friction coefficient curve in step S1 related to in the present invention is: relevant parameters such as materials, structures and sizes of the friction pairs used in the experiment are consistent with the parameters of the friction pairs under the actual working condition, and the influence on friction and wear is different due to different water compositions of different water areas such as seawater and river water, so that the water in the water areas under the actual working condition is taken as a lubricating medium to immerse the friction pairs, the friction coefficients of the friction pairs under different rotating speeds are measured, and a curve of the friction coefficients changing along with the rotating speed of the steel ring is drawn according to the measured data.
The inner surface of the nozzle is subjected to local oleophobic treatment, the inner surface at the lubricating oil inlet is subjected to oleophobic treatment, the inner surface at the outlet is not subjected to oleophobic treatment, and the lubricating oil flows from the inlet area subjected to surface oleophobic treatment to the outlet area not subjected to surface oleophobic treatment, so that the pressure of the lubricating oil at the outlet is improved, and the sprayed lubricating oil is more stable in the form of oil lines in water.
The lubricating oil is emulsified oil and prepared by taking environment-friendly lubricating oil as base oil, is favorable for maintaining the oil line state when being sprayed out from a nozzle, and is favorable for breaking through a countercurrent region at an inlet of a friction pair so as to enter a contact region to realize auxiliary lubrication.
The invention relates to a nozzle which is a variable-diameter nozzle, and the main structure of the nozzle comprises a shell, a coil spring, an elastic cone and an inner cylinder, wherein the inner cylinder is a hollow structure with a circular cross section, the inner cylinder is provided with an external thread, the inner surface of the inner cylinder is plated with perfluorodecyl trimethoxy silane for surface oleophobic treatment, one end of the outer surface of the inner cylinder is cylindrical with the external thread, the other end of the outer surface of the inner cylinder is conical, one cylindrical end of the inner cylinder is connected with an oil supply system, and one conical end of the; the elastic cone body is a hollow conical cylinder, the diameter of a cavity circle at the end with the large cross section of the elastic cone body is the same as that of the cavity circle of the inner cylinder, the end with the large cross section of the elastic cone body is fixedly connected with the inner cylinder in an adhesion mode or an embedded mode, and the connection part is further fixedly connected and sealed by a sealing material; the coil spring with the memory function is inserted into the elastic vertebral body in a pre-curling mode, the width of the coil spring is close to the length of the elastic vertebral body, and the coil spring is curled in the elastic vertebral body along the axis to be close to a circle without end-to-end contact; the shell is the cavity cylinder shape, and the cavity one end of shell is conical, and the other end is cylindrical, and the cylindrical cavity part of shell has the internal thread with the external screw thread matched with of inner tube, and the inner tube passes through the external screw thread and installs in the shell with the internal screw thread cooperation of shell, and the internal surface of the conical cavity part of shell is attached together with the surface of elasticity centrum, and the length of the conical cavity part of shell is shorter than the length of elasticity centrum.
The shell related by the invention can realize left-right movement relative to the inner cylinder by rotating relative to the inner cylinder, when the shell moves leftwards relative to the inner cylinder, an elastic cone connected with the inner cylinder is exposed, the longer the distance of the left movement of the shell is, the more the elastic cone is exposed, and the maximum distance of the left movement of the shell is, the smaller the radial dimension of the coil spring is pressed, and the elastic cone is restored to the state of not being expanded, the diameter of the inner hole is the minimum, and the coil spring in the shell is in the curling state with the radial dimension being reduced; when the shell moves rightwards relative to the inner cylinder, the space of the elastic cone body in the shell is enlarged, the pre-curled coil spring has the tendency of restoring the original radial size to enlarge the radial size, so that the elastic cone body is enlarged, the diameter of an inner hole of the elastic cone body, namely the aperture of the outlet of the nozzle, is also enlarged, the diameter of a lubricating oil line sprayed out by the nozzle is correspondingly enlarged, and when the rightwards movement distance of the shell reaches the maximum, the aperture of the elastic cone body is expanded to the maximum due to the restoration of the radial size of the inner coil spring; the free change of the aperture of the outlet of the nozzle can be realized through the left and right movement of the shell relative to the inner cylinder.
The elastic vertebral body related to the embodiment adopts a fluororubber elastic material or a flexible PVC elastic material, and the adopted elastic material is required to have good resilience and oil resistance.
The invention relates to an oil supply system which comprises an injector cylinder, a stepping motor, a lead screw, an L-shaped plate and a sliding table, wherein the injector cylinder is connected with a nozzle, the tail end of an injector core is connected with the L-shaped plate, and lubricating oil is filled in the injector cylinder; the L-shaped plate is positioned above the sliding table; the sliding table is connected with the L-shaped plate through a screw; the lead screw is connected with the sliding table through the ball screw pair, the stepping motor is connected with the lead screw through the coupler, the stepping motor controls the rotation speed and the rotation time of the lead screw to control the moving speed and the stroke of the sliding table, the injector core is pushed to advance through the L-shaped plate, the control of the supply speed and the supply amount of the lubricating oil line is further realized, the lubricating oil is sprayed out through the nozzle, and the sprayed lubricating oil exists in the form of the lubricating oil line.
The oil supply system according to the present invention can also be a commercially available micro oil pump and control system, which controls the supply rate and the supply amount of the lubricating wick.
The water-lubricated friction pair material is a friction pair using water as a lubricating medium and has universality.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the water lubrication overload protection method can improve the bearing capacity of the lubricating film, solve the problems of high friction coefficient and severe abrasion of the water lubricating material under the working condition of heavy load or impact load, reduce the friction coefficient within 2s, achieve the lowest friction coefficient within 10s, and achieve the auxiliary lubricating effect of lubricating oil lines for 2 hours each time; the lubricant has rapid effect and large antifriction amplitude, which is incomparable with the prior lubricating technology;
2. the diameter-variable nozzle structure can control the diameter of the sprayed oil line by adjusting the inner diameter of the nozzle according to specific working conditions; the variable-diameter nozzle structure is made of a non-rusty material in water, the inner surface of the variable-diameter nozzle structure is subjected to local oleophobic treatment, the outlet of the variable-diameter nozzle structure is not subjected to oleophobic treatment, lubricating oil flows to the outlet area which is not subjected to oleophobic treatment from the area subjected to oleophobic treatment, the pressure of the lubricating oil at the outlet is improved, the sprayed lubricating oil is stable in the form of oil lines in water, the outlet of the nozzle points to a part moving in a friction pair, and lubricating media are favorably rolled into a contact area by means of the movement of the part;
3. the lubricating oil line is supplied in a short-time trace manner, is green and environment-friendly, and has negligible pollution;
4. by designing the lubricating oil line nozzle, the problem of poor lubrication of the water lubricating material under the sudden load change working condition is solved, auxiliary lubrication is performed according to the sudden overload working condition, the water lubricating friction pair material is ensured to keep a good lubricating state under the sudden working condition, the material abrasion is reduced, the service life is prolonged, and the operation stability is greatly improved; the quick-acting type water-saving agent has the advantages of quick response, simple structure, ingenious design concept, low manufacturing cost, environment-friendly application and wide market prospect.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a water-lubricated overload protection lubricating oil line supply system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the nozzle outlet in a small-bore configuration according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the nozzle outlet large-caliber structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a coil spring construction according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of FAS (perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane) plating oleophobic treatment on the inner surface of a nozzle according to the present invention, wherein region A is the inner surface of the inner barrel after FAS modification; the B area is the inner surface of the elastic vertebral body without FAS modification;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the friction coefficient of a 316 stainless steel ring and a nitrile rubber block against abrasion according to the change of speed under a 350N heavy load condition in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the results of a 0.5-hour rubbing test at a feed rate of 10. mu.L/s with 100. mu.L of a lubricating oil line after 10min of counter-grinding under pure water conditions at 350N and 50r/min according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows the results of a 3-hour long-rub test at a feed rate of 10. mu.L/s with 100. mu.L of a lubricating oil line after 10 minutes of counter-grinding under pure water conditions at 350N and 50r/min according to the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to an overload protection method for water lubrication, which is characterized in that when a water-lubricated friction pair is overloaded, lubricating oil enters the water-lubricated friction pair in water in an oil line form to perform auxiliary lubrication of the lubricating oil, so that the purpose of protecting a water-lubricated friction pair material is achieved, and a ring block testing machine is taken as an example, and the specific steps are described as follows:
s1, according to the load W between the materials of the water lubrication friction pair and the viscosity mu of the lubrication medium, a curve of the friction coefficient changing along with the rotating speed of the steel ring is measured by a ring block testing machine, and the specific measurement method is as follows: common nitrile rubber serving as a water lubricating material is used as the counter grinding block 1, and the surface roughness of the counter grinding block is 0.4; 316 stainless steel is used as the counter grinding ring 2, and the surface roughness of the counter grinding ring is 0.3; tap water is used as a lubricating medium to immerse the friction pair, the load of the friction pair is set to be a heavy load of 350N, the friction coefficient between the friction pair under the pure water lubrication condition under different rotating speeds is measured, and a curve of the friction coefficient along with the change of the rotating speed of the counter grinding ring 2 is drawn according to the measured data, as shown in figure 6, even if the rotating speed is increased in a large range due to a large load, the corresponding friction coefficient is still high; setting the friction coefficient to be 0.07 as a friction coefficient critical value, selecting the rotating speed of the counter grinding ring 2 to be 50r/min as a typical test condition, and showing that the friction coefficient is very high at the moment, the friction pairs are in a mixed lubrication state or even a boundary lubrication state, and the lubrication state is relatively severe;
s2, selecting a load of 350N and a rotating speed of 50r/min, considering that the friction coefficient may be unstable and may be reduced in the running-in process, in order to eliminate the reduction of the friction coefficient caused by the unstable friction coefficient in the running-in process, firstly, oppositely grinding the nitrile rubber block and the 316 stainless steel ring for 10min to stabilize the friction coefficient, and as shown in FIG. 7, finding that the stabilized friction coefficient value exceeds a critical value of 0.07, and then, supplying a lubricating oil line to a contact area for auxiliary lubrication, wherein the total grinding time is 30 min; the lubricating oil line supply system comprises a nozzle 3 and an oil supply system, wherein the nozzle 3 is arranged at a position as close as possible to a contact area, a lubricating medium passing through the nozzle 3 can be sprayed in the form of a continuous oil line, the nozzle 3 is directed to the surface of a moving friction part, so that the lubricating oil avoids a reverse flow area as much as possible, the position (area B) of the inner surface of the nozzle 3 close to an outlet is not subjected to oleophobic treatment, the position (area A) of the inner surface of the nozzle far away from the outlet is plated with FAS (perfluorodecyl trimethoxy silane) to be subjected to surface oleophobic treatment, the lubricating oil flows to the area B which is not subjected to oleophobic treatment through the area A subjected to oleophobic treatment, the pressure of the lubricating oil at the outlet is improved, and the sprayed lubricating oil is more stable in; setting the oil line to be sprayed out at the speed of 10 mu L/s through an oil supply system and enter a contact area, setting the supply time to be 10s, cumulatively supplying 100 mu L of lubricating oil, and stopping supplying after 10 s; after the lubricating oil line enters the contact area, the generated oil film replaces a fragile water film to carry, so that the gap between the two parts which originally have the local direct contact condition is increased, namely the thickness of the lubricating film is increased, the bearing capacity of the lubricating film is improved, the friction coefficient is rapidly reduced, the friction pair parts are not in direct contact any more, the bearing capacity of the lubricating film is improved, the friction coefficient is rapidly reduced, the friction pair can keep a good lubricating state under the heavy-load working condition, and the result is shown in fig. 7;
s3, when pure water lubrication is carried out, residual lubricating oil in the contact area can adhere to the surface of the contact pair to form a micro oil pool due to low surface tension and stably exist for a long time, and a good lubricating effect is exerted, so that the low friction coefficient level can be still kept between the friction pairs for a long time under the pure water lubrication condition; as shown in fig. 8, the opposite-grinding time is prolonged to 3 hours under the same condition, even if the device is operated under the heavy load of 350N all the time, the auxiliary lubrication effect of a single trace oil line can last for more than 2 hours, the effect is very durable, the bearing capacity of the bearing can be obviously improved, and the purpose of protecting the water lubricating material is achieved.
Step S1 in this embodiment further includes wiping all parts inside the cavity of the ring block testing machine with the dust-free paper to dip in the anhydrous ethanol and petroleum ether in sequence, so as to ensure that the inside of the cavity is clean; leveling a block clamp of the ring block testing machine, and enabling a grinding block on the clamp to be well attached to the outer surface of the steel ring during working through an adjusting bolt, so that the condition that grinding marks are not inclined is ensured; the liquid level in the cavity is kept unchanged by ensuring that the water inlet flow and the water outlet flow of the cavity are the same; the control of the water flow in and out is realized by the flow regulating equipment sold in the market.
The lubricating oil line supply system related to the embodiment is characterized in that lubricating oil sprayed out in a water environment exists in the water in the form of an oil line, the main structure of the lubricating oil line supply system comprises a nozzle and an oil supply system, the main structure of the nozzle comprises a shell 11, a coil spring 12, an elastic cone 13 and an inner cylinder 14, the inner cylinder 14 is a hollow structure with a circular cross section, the inner cylinder 14 is provided with external threads, FAS (perfluorodecyl trimethoxy silane) is plated on the inner surface (area A) of the inner cylinder 14 for surface oleophobic treatment, one end of the outer surface of the inner cylinder 14 is cylindrical with the external threads, the other end of the outer surface of the inner cylinder 14 is conical, one cylindrical end of the inner cylinder 14 is connected with the oil supply; the elastic cone 13 is a hollow conical cylinder, the diameter of a cavity circle at one end (tail end) with a large cross section of the elastic cone 13 is the same as that of the cavity circle of the inner cylinder 14, the tail end of the elastic cone 13 is fixedly connected with the inner cylinder 14 in an adhesion or embedded manner, and the connection part is further fixedly connected and sealed by a sealing material; the coil spring 12 with the memory function is inserted in the elastic cone 13 in a pre-curling mode, the width of the coil spring 12 is close to the length of the elastic cone 13, and the coil spring is curled in the elastic cone 13 along the axis to be close to a circle without end-to-end contact; the shell 11 is in a hollow cylindrical shape, one end of the hollow cavity of the shell 11 is conical, the other end of the hollow cavity of the shell 11 is cylindrical, the cylindrical hollow cavity of the shell 11 is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread of the inner cylinder 14, the inner cylinder 14 is arranged in the shell 11 through the matching of the external thread and the internal thread of the shell 11, the inner surface of the conical hollow cavity of the shell 11 is attached to the outer surface of the elastic cone 13, and the length of the conical hollow cavity of the shell 11 is shorter than that of the elastic cone 13; the outer shell 11 can realize the left and right movement relative to the inner cylinder 14 by rotating relative to the inner cylinder 14, when the outer shell 11 moves leftwards relative to the inner cylinder 14, the elastic cone 13 connected with the inner cylinder 14 is exposed, the longer the distance that the outer shell 11 moves leftwards is, the more the elastic cone 13 is exposed, and the largest distance that the outer shell 11 moves leftwards is, the smaller the radial dimension of the compressed coil spring is, and the elastic cone 13 is restored to the state of not being expanded, the diameter of the inner hole is the smallest, and the coiled spring 12 in the inner shell is in the state of being curled, the radial dimension of the coiled spring; when the housing 11 moves rightwards relative to the inner cylinder 14, as shown in fig. 4, the space of the elastic cone 13 in the housing 11 becomes larger, the pre-curled coil spring 12 tends to restore the original radial size to enlarge the radial size, so that the elastic cone 13 is enlarged, the diameter of the inner hole, namely the diameter of the nozzle outlet is also enlarged, the diameter of the lubricating oil line sprayed out by the nozzle is correspondingly enlarged, and when the distance of the housing 11 moving rightwards reaches the maximum, the diameter of the elastic cone 13 is expanded to the maximum due to the restoration of the radial size of the inner coil spring 12; the nozzle outlet aperture can be freely changed by moving the outer casing 11 to the inner cylinder 14 in the left-right direction.
The elastic cone 13 according to the present embodiment is made of a fluororubber elastic material, and may be made of other commercially available elastic materials such as rubber and flexible PVC.
The purpose of inserting the coil spring 12 into the elastic cone 13 according to this embodiment is to ensure that the outlet of the elastic cone 13 is always in a stable circular shape, because if the outlet aperture is controlled by the elastic cone 13, when the aperture becomes smaller, that is, the elastic cone 13 is compressed, the shape of the hole cannot maintain a stable circular shape, the inner hole tends to wrinkle as the elastic cone 13 is compressed, and the degree of compression of the elastic cone 13 is greater, the wrinkles of the inner hole are more obvious, which causes the problems of uneven outflow of the oil line, unstable shape, and the like; on the contrary, from the mechanical analysis, the inner hole of the elastic cone 13 is expanded to be more easily and stably maintain the inner hole to be circular, so the elastic cone 13 is expanded by the expanding and restoring force of the coil spring 12 which is pre-coiled and installed in the elastic cone 13, the restoring force of the coil spring 12 changes the exit aperture to be circular with larger diameter, and when the coil spring 12 is compressed and coiled, the elastic cone 13 gradually restores to the original state without being expanded, and the exit aperture becomes smaller.
The oil supply system comprises an injector cylinder 4, a stepping motor 8, a lead screw 9, an L-shaped plate 6 and a sliding table 7, wherein the injector cylinder 4 is connected with the nozzle 3, the tail end of an injector core 5 is connected with the L-shaped plate 6, and lubricating oil is filled in the injector cylinder 4; the L-shaped plate 6 is positioned above the sliding table 7; the sliding table 7 is connected with the L-shaped plate 6 through screws; the lead screw 9 is connected with the sliding table 7 through a ball screw pair, the stepping motor 8 is connected with the lead screw 9 through a coupler, the stepping motor 8 controls the rotation speed and the rotation time of the lead screw 9 to control the moving speed and the stroke of the sliding table 7, the injection core 5 is pushed to advance through the L-shaped plate, the control of the supply speed and the supply amount of a lubricating oil line is further realized, the lubricating oil is sprayed out through the nozzle 3, and the sprayed lubricating oil exists in the form of the lubricating oil line.
The nozzle according to this embodiment has an outlet diameter of 0.4mm when lubricating oil is injected.
The lubricating oil that this embodiment relates to is the emulsified oil, is formed by the base oil preparation of vegetable oil or other environment-friendly lubricating oil, is favorable to keeping the oil line state when spouting from the nozzle, is favorable to breaching the adverse current district of vice entrance of friction to get into the contact zone and realize supplementary lubrication.
Further, the range of variation of the diameter of the nozzle 3 according to the present embodiment is determined by the actual taper and size of the threaded housing and the elastic material.
Further, the technology for protecting the lubricating oil line from water lubrication overload according to the present embodiment, including but not limited to the water lubricating material used in the present embodiment, has universality.
Further, the present embodiment relates to a surface oleophobic treatment agent for improving wick stability using a topical oleophobic treatment for the inner barrel of the nozzle, including but not limited to FAS.
Claims (9)
1. The overload protection method for water lubrication is characterized in that when a water lubrication friction pair is overloaded, lubricating oil enters the water lubrication friction pair in water in the form of an oil line through a lubricating oil line supply system to perform auxiliary lubrication of the lubricating oil, so that the purpose of protecting the water lubrication friction pair material is achieved, and the specific process steps comprise:
s1, measuring a curve of the friction coefficient changing along with the rotating speed by using a related commercially available friction and wear instrument according to the load W between the water lubrication friction pair materials and the viscosity mu of a lubricating medium under the actual working condition; the water lubrication friction pair is often in a mixed lubrication working condition, when load impact occurs, a water film is difficult to provide enough bearing capacity, materials of the friction pair are easy to directly contact, the friction coefficient can be rapidly increased, and the abrasion is serious; therefore, the measured friction coefficient curve is used as a reference to set a friction coefficient critical value; when the friction coefficient of the water lubrication friction pair exceeds a critical value, lubricating oil enters the friction pair in an oil line mode to perform auxiliary lubrication, and a generated oil film replaces a fragile water film to carry out bearing, so that overload protection of water lubrication is realized;
s2, installing a lubricating oil line supply system, wherein the lubricating oil line supply system comprises a nozzle and an oil supply system, the nozzle is externally connected with the oil supply system, and the spraying speed and the supply time of lubricating oil are set through the oil supply system; the nozzle is arranged at a position which is close to the contact zone of the water-lubricated friction pair, and the outlet of the nozzle points to the surface of the moving friction part so as to avoid a countercurrent zone of the inlet of the friction pair and ensure that an oil line enters the contact zone at a certain speed; the nozzle is made of a non-rusty material in water, and the cross section of the spray cavity is circular;
s3, monitoring the load and the friction coefficient of the water lubrication friction pair in a working state in real time, and when the load of the water lubrication friction pair is in a normal condition and the friction coefficient is lower than a critical value, normally lubricating a friction pair material by taking water as a unique lubricating medium; when the water-lubricated friction pair is overloaded and the friction coefficient exceeds a critical value, an oil supply system is started, lubricating oil is continuously sprayed out through a nozzle according to a set spraying speed and supply time, the sprayed lubricating oil breaks through a countercurrent region of a friction pair inlet in a stable oil line form in water and is drawn into a contact region along with the movement of friction pair parts, and a generated oil film replaces a fragile water film to carry, so that the gap between the two parts which originally have local direct contact conditions is increased, namely the thickness of the lubricating film is increased, the bearing capacity of the lubricating film is improved, the friction coefficient is rapidly reduced, the friction pair parts are not in direct contact any more, a good lubricating state is kept between the friction pairs under severe working conditions, and the abrasion of water-lubricated materials is greatly reduced;
s4, in the working state of the water lubrication friction pair, as long as the friction coefficient exceeds a critical value, supplying lubricating oil lines between the friction pair to reduce the friction coefficient and maintain a good lubrication state; when the friction coefficient exceeds the critical value again after the lubricating oil line is supplied to the friction pair for the first time, the lubricating effect of the trace oil line supplied for the first time is weakened or disappeared, and overload still exists; when the friction coefficient exceeds the critical value again, the lubricating effect of the trace oil line supplied for the second time is weakened or disappears, and overload still exists, and at the moment, the trace oil line is supplied for the third time to the friction pair; by analogy, the good lubrication state is maintained; the overload working condition belongs to an unexpected working condition, the duration is short and cannot be lasting, only a few seconds or a few minutes exist, and the auxiliary lubrication effect of each trace lubricating oil line can reach 2 hours, so that the supply is enough only once;
s5, when the load returns to normal and the friction coefficient is lower than a critical value, the friction pair uses water as the only lubricating medium to carry out normal lubrication; and residual lubricating oil in the contact area can be adhered to the surface of the contact pair to form a micro-oil pool due to lower surface tension and stably exists for a long time, so that a good lubricating effect is exerted, the low friction coefficient level can still be kept between the friction pairs under the condition of pure water lubrication for a long time, and the purpose of protecting the water-lubricated friction pair material is achieved.
2. The water-lubricated overload protection method according to claim 1, wherein the specific measurement method of the friction coefficient curve in the step S1 is as follows: the material, structure and size related parameters of the friction pair used in the experiment are consistent with those of the friction pair under the actual working condition, and the influence on friction and abrasion is different due to different water compositions of different water areas of seawater and river water, so that the water in the water area under the actual working condition is taken as a lubricating medium to immerse the friction pair, the friction coefficients of the friction pair under different rotating speeds are measured, and a curve of the friction coefficients changing along with the rotating speed of the steel ring is drawn according to the measured data.
3. The water-lubricated overload protection method according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the nozzle is subjected to local oleophobic treatment, the inner surface at the inlet of the lubricating oil is subjected to oleophobic treatment, the inner surface at the outlet is not subjected to oleophobic treatment, and the lubricating oil flows from the inlet area subjected to surface oleophobic treatment to the outlet area not subjected to surface oleophobic treatment, so that the pressure of the lubricating oil at the outlet is increased, and the sprayed lubricating oil is more stable in the form of oil lines in water.
4. The water-lubricated overload protection method according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil is emulsified oil, is prepared from environment-friendly lubricating oil as base oil, and is beneficial to maintaining the oil line state when being sprayed out from the nozzle and breaking through the countercurrent region at the inlet of the friction pair, so that the lubricating oil enters the contact region to realize auxiliary lubrication.
5. The overload protection method for water lubrication according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle is a variable-diameter nozzle, the main structure of the nozzle comprises a shell, a coil spring, an elastic cone and an inner cylinder, the inner cylinder is a hollow structure with a circular cross section, the inner cylinder is provided with an external thread, perfluorodecyl trimethoxy silane is plated on the inner surface of the inner cylinder for surface oleophobic treatment, one end of the outer surface of the inner cylinder is cylindrical with the external thread, the other end of the outer surface of the inner cylinder is conical, one cylindrical end of the inner cylinder is connected with an oil supply system, and one conical end of the inner cylinder is connected with the elastic; the elastic cone body is a hollow conical cylinder, the diameter of a cavity circle at the end with the large cross section of the elastic cone body is the same as that of the cavity circle of the inner cylinder, the end with the large cross section of the elastic cone body is fixedly connected with the inner cylinder in an adhesion mode or an embedded mode, and the connection part is further fixedly connected and sealed by a sealing material; the coil spring with the memory function is inserted into the elastic vertebral body in a pre-curling mode, the width of the coil spring is close to the length of the elastic vertebral body, and the coil spring is curled in the elastic vertebral body along the axis to be close to a circle without end-to-end contact; the shell is the cavity cylinder shape, and the cavity one end of shell is conical, and the other end is cylindrical, and the cylindrical cavity part of shell has the internal thread with the external screw thread matched with of inner tube, and the inner tube passes through the external screw thread and installs in the shell with the internal screw thread cooperation of shell, and the internal surface of the conical cavity part of shell is attached together with the surface of elasticity centrum, and the length of the conical cavity part of shell is shorter than the length of elasticity centrum.
6. The water lubricated overload protection method according to claim 5, wherein the housing of the nozzle is capable of moving left and right relative to the inner cylinder by rotating relative to the inner cylinder, when the housing moves left relative to the inner cylinder, the elastic cone connected with the inner cylinder is exposed, the longer the distance the housing moves left, the more the elastic cone is exposed, and when the distance the housing moves left is the largest, the compressed radial dimension of the coil spring becomes smaller, and the elastic cone is restored to an unstretched state, the diameter of the inner hole is the smallest, and the coil spring therein is in a curled state in which the radial dimension becomes smaller; when the shell moves rightwards relative to the inner cylinder, the space of the elastic cone body in the shell is enlarged, the pre-curled coil spring has the tendency of restoring the original radial size to enlarge the radial size, so that the elastic cone body is enlarged, the diameter of an inner hole of the elastic cone body, namely the aperture of the outlet of the nozzle, is also enlarged, the diameter of a lubricating oil line sprayed out by the nozzle is correspondingly enlarged, and when the rightwards movement distance of the shell reaches the maximum, the aperture of the elastic cone body is expanded to the maximum due to the restoration of the radial size of the inner coil spring; the free change of the aperture of the outlet of the nozzle can be realized through the left and right movement of the shell relative to the inner cylinder.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the elastomeric cone is made of a fluoro-rubber elastomer or a flexible PVC elastomer, and the elastomeric cone is made of an elastomer with good resilience and oil resistance.
8. The water-lubricated overload protection method according to claim 1, wherein the oil supply system comprises a syringe barrel, a stepping motor, a lead screw, an L-shaped plate and a sliding table, the syringe barrel is connected with the nozzle, the tail end of the syringe core is connected with the L-shaped plate, and lubricating oil is filled in the syringe barrel; the L-shaped plate is positioned above the sliding table; the sliding table is connected with the L-shaped plate through a screw; the lead screw is connected with the sliding table through the ball screw pair, the stepping motor is connected with the lead screw through the coupler, the stepping motor controls the rotation speed and the rotation time of the lead screw to control the moving speed and the stroke of the sliding table, the injector core is pushed to advance through the L-shaped plate, the control of the supply speed and the supply amount of the lubricating oil line is further realized, the lubricating oil is sprayed out through the nozzle, and the sprayed lubricating oil exists in the form of the lubricating oil line.
9. The water-lubricated overload protection method according to claim 1, wherein the oil supply system can also be a commercially available micro-oil pump and control system, and the supply rate and supply amount of the lubricating oil line are controlled by the commercially available micro-oil pump and control system.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010840358.0A CN111947002B (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Water-lubricated overload protection lubricating oil line supply system and overload protection method |
| JP2021568714A JP7253213B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-09-14 | Overload protection lubricating oil line supply system for water lubrication and overload protection method |
| PCT/CN2020/115056 WO2022036784A1 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-09-14 | Lubricating oil line supply system for overload protection for water lubrication and overload protection method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010840358.0A CN111947002B (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Water-lubricated overload protection lubricating oil line supply system and overload protection method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111947002A CN111947002A (en) | 2020-11-17 |
| CN111947002B true CN111947002B (en) | 2021-06-29 |
Family
ID=73358388
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010840358.0A Active CN111947002B (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Water-lubricated overload protection lubricating oil line supply system and overload protection method |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7253213B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN111947002B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022036784A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116989250B (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-12-29 | 万向钱潮股份公司 | Bearing grease injection method and device |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101060939A (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2007-10-24 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Method for supplying lubricating oil in cold rolling |
| CN201254286Y (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2009-06-10 | 王金生 | Environment-friendly type marine vehicle driving system |
| CN102011796A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-04-13 | 武汉理工大学 | Self-aligning spherical plain water lubricated tail bearing for ships |
| CN108506355A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-09-07 | 青岛理工大学 | A kind of lubricating method of the water lubriucated bearing based on micro-droplet of oil lubrication start and stop protection |
| CN109505868A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-22 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇九研究所 | A kind of self compensation quick-replaceable water lubriucated bearing |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3803888A (en) * | 1973-03-07 | 1974-04-16 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Method of reducing rolling mill roll wear |
| JPS57188777A (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1982-11-19 | Hitachi Ltd | Feed water device for water lubricated bearing of hydraulic machine |
| JPH01312225A (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1989-12-18 | Nkk Corp | Ceramic underwater plain bearing |
| JPH0276920A (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1990-03-16 | Toshiba Corp | Bearing device in water |
| JPH10141262A (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 1998-05-26 | Hokuetsu Kogyo Co Ltd | Water lubricating-type screw compressor |
| CA2544092C (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2009-12-15 | Richard S. Knight | Marine split bearings with right angle removeable grooved retainer covers |
| CN102003464A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-04-06 | 孙实 | Water lubricated bearing |
| CN105445025B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2018-02-06 | 重庆奔腾科技发展有限公司 | Water lubrication radial thrust Assembled sliding bearing performance experimental bench |
| CN205504432U (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-24 | 山东熙航自动化设备有限公司 | Play of oiling machine is glib |
| CN108533941A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-09-14 | 漯河安润设备有限公司 | The accurate fluidic device of adjustable straight line and rotary kiln tyre lubricating fluid fluidic system |
-
2020
- 2020-08-20 CN CN202010840358.0A patent/CN111947002B/en active Active
- 2020-09-14 JP JP2021568714A patent/JP7253213B2/en active Active
- 2020-09-14 WO PCT/CN2020/115056 patent/WO2022036784A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101060939A (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2007-10-24 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Method for supplying lubricating oil in cold rolling |
| CN201254286Y (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2009-06-10 | 王金生 | Environment-friendly type marine vehicle driving system |
| CN102011796A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-04-13 | 武汉理工大学 | Self-aligning spherical plain water lubricated tail bearing for ships |
| CN108506355A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-09-07 | 青岛理工大学 | A kind of lubricating method of the water lubriucated bearing based on micro-droplet of oil lubrication start and stop protection |
| CN109505868A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-22 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇九研究所 | A kind of self compensation quick-replaceable water lubriucated bearing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2022542336A (en) | 2022-10-03 |
| CN111947002A (en) | 2020-11-17 |
| JP7253213B2 (en) | 2023-04-06 |
| WO2022036784A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN111947002B (en) | Water-lubricated overload protection lubricating oil line supply system and overload protection method | |
| CN108506355B (en) | Lubricating method of water-lubricated bearing based on micro-oil drop lubrication start-stop protection | |
| WO2014206393A2 (en) | Radial shaft seal | |
| DE2319168A1 (en) | SLIDING PAIRING FOR ROTATING MOVEMENT WITH A SLIDING PARTNER MADE OF RUBBER OR A PLASTIC ELASTOMER - IN PARTICULAR FOR RADIAL SHAFT SEALING RINGS | |
| US7896550B1 (en) | Hydrodynamic liquid metal bearing | |
| CN112943805A (en) | Lubricating grease supply device for space precision bearing and design method thereof | |
| WO2022166285A1 (en) | Microfluidic control technique-based oil droplet supply system and auxiliary lubrication method therefor | |
| DE102017210968A1 (en) | Bearing device for a shaft | |
| CN208950708U (en) | A kind of liquid communication pipeline structure and diesel engine | |
| WO2022054564A1 (en) | Lubricating oil supply device and rotation test apparatus equipped therewith | |
| CN112032097B (en) | Leak-proof sealing device for liquid pump | |
| Tanaka et al. | Piston rotation and frictional forces between piston and cylinder of piston and motor | |
| CN112832975A (en) | Be suitable for water pressure sealed slush pump that extracts and contain major diameter mud granule | |
| CN100383419C (en) | Water lubricating dynamic sealing rubber alloy bearing | |
| KR20180096528A (en) | High speed spindle apparatus | |
| CN111637160B (en) | Forced lubrication bearing with uneven aperture | |
| CN212372442U (en) | High-speed rotary water supply connector of glass drilling equipment | |
| CN220770784U (en) | Mixed flow type hydraulic generator set high-pressure oil load shedding system one-way valve structure | |
| CN114211357B (en) | Piston rod grinding device with curvature detection function | |
| CN211715769U (en) | Fluid dynamic pressure type postposition isolation sealing device for dry gas sealing of turbine machinery | |
| CN106641264A (en) | Mixed friction type self-lubricating rotary sealing device | |
| SU1257265A1 (en) | Testing-bed fuel jet nozzle | |
| Wang et al. | EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE WALL SLIP OF A LOW VISCOSITY SLEEVE BEARING. | |
| CN207634959U (en) | One kind attacking drilling machine lubrication system architecture | |
| US3443663A (en) | Lubrication system employing a viscoelastic liquid |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |